The vaginal microbiome in health and disease

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 22, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 389-393

  White, Bryan A ^a   Creedon, Douglas J ^b   Nelson, Karen E ^c   Wilson, Brenda A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^c J CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIRTH WEIGHT; HUMAN; METAGENOMICS; MICROBIOME; NONHUMAN; PREMATURE LABOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UROGENITAL TRACT INFECTION; VAGINA; VAGINA DISEASE; VAGINITIS;

ECOSYSTEM; FEMALE; HUMANS; METAGENOME; PREGNANCY; PREMATURE BIRTH; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS; VAGINA; VAGINAL DISEASES; VAGINITIS; VAGINOSIS, BACTERIAL;

EID: 80053113121     PISSN: 10432760     EISSN: 18793061     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.06.001     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Reid G., Bruce A.W. Urogenital infections in women: can probiotics help?. Postgrad. Med. J. 2003, 79:428-432.
2. Van der Veen F., Fransen L. Drugs for STD management in developing countries: choice, procurement, cost, and financing. Sex. Transm. Infect. 1998, 74(Suppl. 1):S166-S174.
3. Oleen-Burkey M.A., Hiller S.L. Pregnancy complications associated with bacterial vaginosis and their estimated costs. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 1995, 3:149.
4. Darroch J.E., Frost J.J. Women's interest in vaginal microbicides. Fam. Plann. Perspect. 1999, 31:16-23.
5. Fathalla M.F. Vaginal microbicides: a priority need for women's health. Curr. Womens Health Rep. 2003, 3:263-264.
6. Spiegel C.A., et al. Anaerobic bacteria in nonspecific vaginitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 1980, 303:601-607.
7. Hill G.B. The microbiology of bacterial vaginosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993, 169:450-454.
8. Reid G., Heinemann C. The role of the microflora in bacterial vaginosis. Medical Importance of the Normal Microflora 1998, 477-487. Kluwer. G.W. Tannock (Ed.).
9. McGregor J.A., French J.I. Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 2000, 55:S1-S19.
10. Flynn C.A., et al. Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and the risk of prematurity: a meta-analysis. J. Fam. Pract. 1999, 48:885-892.
11. Donders G.G., et al. Relationship of bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasmas to the risk of spontaneous abortion. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2000, 183:431-437.
12. Fidel P.L. History and new insights into host defense against vaginal candidiasis. Trends Microbiol. 2004, 12:220-227.
13. Sobel J.D., et al. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1998, 178:203-211.
14. Johansson M., Lycke N.Y. Immunology of the human genital tract. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2003, 16:43-49.
15. Koumans E.H., Kendrick J.S. Preventing adverse sequelae of bacterial vaginosis: a public health program and research agenda. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2001, 28:292-297.
16. Weir E. Bacterial vaginosis: more questions than answers. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 2004, 171:448.
17. Witkin S.S., et al. Individual immunity and susceptibility to female genital tract infection. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2000, 183:252-256.
18. Eschenbach D.A., et al. Influence of the normal menstrual cycle on vaginal tissue, discharge, and microflora. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2000, 30:901-907.
19. Cauci S., et al. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal flora changes in peri- and postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002, 40:2147-2152.
20. Royce R.A., et al. Race/ethnicity, vaginal flora patterns, and pH during pregnancy. Sex. Transm. Dis. 1999, 26:96-102.
21. Sweet R.L. Gynecologic conditions and bacterial vaginosis: implications for the non-pregnant patient. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 2000, 8:184-190.
22. Mehmet N., et al. Serum and gastric fluid levels of cytokines and nitrates in gastric diseases infected with Helicobacter pylori. New Microbiol. 2004, 27:139-148.
23. Gerber S., et al. Interleukin-1beta gene polymorphism in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2003, 107:74-77.
24. Ness R.B., et al. Can known risk factors explain racial differences in the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis?. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 2003, 95:201-212.
25. Ryckman K.K., et al. Predicting risk of bacterial vaginosis: the role of race, smoking and corticotropin-releasing hormone related genes. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2009, 15:131-137.
26. Chaim W., et al. New technology for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2003, 111:83-87.
27. Cook R.L., et al. Clinical, microbiological, and biochemical factors in recurrent bacterial vaginosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1992, 30:870-877.
28. Famularo G., et al. Microecology, bacterial vaginosis and probiotics: perspectives for bacteriotherapy. Med. Hypotheses 2001, 56:421-430.
29. Jones B.M., et al. The determination of amines in the vaginal secretions of women in health and disease. Int. J. STD AIDS 1994, 5:52-55.
30. O'Dowd T.C., et al. Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for bacterial vaginosis. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1996, 103:366-370.
31. Rodrigues A.G., et al. Is the lack of concurrence of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidosis explained by the presence of bacterial amines?. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1999, 181:367-370.
32. Wolrath H., et al. Trimethylamine content in vaginal secretion and its relation to bacterial vaginosis. APMIS 2002, 110:819-824.
33. Wolrath H., et al. Analysis of bacterial vaginosis-related amines in vaginal fluid by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2001, 39:4026-4031.
34. Wolrath H., et al. Trimethylamine and trimethylamine oxide levels in normal women and women with bacterial vaginosis reflect a local metabolism in vaginal secretion as compared to urine. APMIS 2005, 113:513-516.
35. Fredricks D.N., et al. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005, 353:1899-1911.
36. Hyman R.W., et al. Microbes on the human vaginal epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102:7952-7957.
37. Kubota T., et al. Detection and identification of amines in bacterial vaginosis. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1995, 21:51-55.
38. Verhelst R., et al. Cloning of 16S rRNA genes amplified from normal and disturbed vaginal microflora suggests a strong association between Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. BMC Microbiol. 2004, 4:16-26.
39. Verstraelen H., et al. Culture-independent analysis of vaginal microflora: the unrecognized association of Atopobium vaginae with bacterial vaginosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2004, 191:1130-1132.
40. Witkin S.S., et al. Bacterial flora of the female genital tract: function and immune regulation. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2007, 21:347-354.
41. Zhou X., et al. Characterization of vaginal microbial communities in adult healthy women using cultivation-independent methods. Microbiology 2004, 150:2565-2573.
42. Lawn J.E., et al. Estimating the causes of 4 million neonatal deaths in the year 2000. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2006, 35:706-718.
43. Han Y.W., et al. Uncultivated bacteria as etiologic agents of intra-amniotic inflammation leading to preterm birth. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009, 47:38-47.
44. Han Y.W., et al. Transmission of an uncultivated Bergeyella strain from the oral cavity to amniotic fluid in a case of preterm birth. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006, 44:1475-1483.
45. Gibbs R.S., et al. quantitative bacteriology of amniotic-fluid from women with clinical intra-amniotic infection at term. J. Infect. Dis. 1982, 145:1-8.
46. DiGiulio D.B., et al. Microbial prevalence, diversity and abundance in amniotic fluid during preterm labor: a molecular and culture-based investigation. PLoS ONE 2008, 3:e3056.
47. Watts D.H., et al. The Association of Occult Amniotic-Fluid Infection with Gestational-Age and Neonatal Outcome among Women in Preterm Labor. Obstet. Gynecol. 1992, 79:351-357.
48. Leitich H., Kiss H. Asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and intermediate flora as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2007, 21:375-390.
49. Muglia, L.J. and Katz, M. (2010) The enigma of spontaneous preterm birth. N. Engl. J. Med. 362, 529-535.
50. Donders G.G., et al. Association between abnormal vaginal flora and cervical length as risk factors for preterm birth. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2010, [Epub ahead of print].
51. Menard, J.P. et al. (2010) High vaginal concentrations of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis in women undergoing preterm labor. Obstet. Gynecol. 115, 134-140.
52. Srinivasan U., et al. Vaginal and oral microbes, host genotype and preterm birth. Med. Hypotheses 2009, 73:963-975.
53. Andrews W.W., et al. Randomized clinical trial of metronidazole plus erythromycin to prevent spontaneous preterm delivery in fetal fibronectin-positive women. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003, 101:847-855.
54. Committee on Metagenomics: Challenges Functional Applications N.R.C. The New Science Of Metagenomics, Revealing the Secrets of Our Microbial Planet 2007, The National Acadamies Press.
55. Benson A.K., et al. Individuality in gut microbiota composition is a complex polygenic trait shaped by multiple environmental and host genetic factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:18933-18938.
56. Ochman H., et al. Evolutionary relationships of wild hominids recapitulated by gut microbial communities. PLoS Biol. 2010, 8:e1000546.
57. Dominguez-Bello M.G., et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:11971-11975.
58. Zella G.C., et al. Distinct microbiome in pouchitis compared to healthy pouches in ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Inflamm. Bowel. Dis. 2010, 17:1092-1100.
59. Genc M.R., et al. Relationship between a toll-like receptor-4 gene polymorphism, bacterial vaginosis-related flora and vaginal cytokine responses in pregnant women. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2004, 116:152-156.
60. Martin H.L., et al. Vaginal lactobacilli, microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted disease acquisition. J. Infect. Dis. 1999, 180:1863-1868.
61. Redondo-Lopez V., et al. Emerging role of lactobacilli in the control and maintenance of the vaginal bacterial microflora. Rev. Infect. Dis. 1990, 12:856-872.
62. Schwebke J.R. Role of vaginal flora as a barrier to HIV acquisition. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2001, 3:152-155.
63. Taylor-Robinson D. The future of bacterial vaginosis-related research. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 1999, 67(Suppl. 1):S35-S38.
64. Harwich Jr, M.D. et al. (2010) Drawing the line between commensal and pathogenic Gardnerella vaginalis through genome analysis and virulence studies. BMC Genomics 11, 375.
65. Yeoman, C.J. et al. (2010) Comparative genomics of Gardnerella vaginalis strains reveals substantial differences in metabolic and virulence potential. PLoS ONE 5, e12411.
66. Macklaim, J.M. et al. (2011) At the crossroads of vaginal health and disease, the genome sequence of Lactobacillus iners AB-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 (Suppl. 1), 4688-4695.
67. Hummelen R., et al. Deep sequencing of the vaginal microbiota of women with HIV. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:e12078.
68. Zhou X., et al. Differences in the composition of vaginal microbial communities found in healthy Caucasian and black women. ISME J. 2007, 1:121-133.
69. Kim T.K., et al. Heterogeneity of vaginal microbial communities within individuals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009, 47:1181-1189.
70. Adams K.M., Eschenbach D.A. The genetic contribution towards preterm delivery. Semin. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2004, 9:445-452.