Microenvironment Determinants of Brain Metastasis

Cell and Bioscience

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Zhang, Chenyu ^a   Yu, Dihua ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053015757     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20453701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-1-8     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Patchell RA. The management of brain metastases. Cancer Treat Rev 2003, 29:533-540.
2. Johnson JD, Young B. Demographics of brain metastasis. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1996, 7:337-344.
3. Mayer M. A patient perspective on brain metastases in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13:1623-1624.
4. Altaha R, Crowell E, Hobbs G, Higa G, Abraham J. Increased risk of brain metastases in patients with HER-2/neu-positive breast carcinoma. Cancer 2005, 103:442-443.
5. Stemmler HJ, Kahlert S, Siekiera W, Untch M, Heinrich B, Heinemann V. Characteristics of patients with brain metastases receiving trastuzumab for HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Breast 2006, 15:219-225.
6. Yau T, Swanton C, Chua S, Sue A, Walsh G, Rostom A, Johnston SR, O'Brien ME, Smith IE. Incidence, pattern and timing of brain metastases among patients with advanced breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. Acta Oncol 2006, 45:196-201.
7. Kamar FG, Posner JB. Brain metastases. Semin Neurol 2010, 30:217-235.
8. Fidler IJ. The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the 'seed and soil' hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer 2003, 3:453-458.
9. Cranmer LD, Trevor KT, Bandlamuri S, Hersh EM. Rodent models of brain metastasis in melanoma. Melanoma Res 2005, 15:325-356.
10. Yoneda T, Williams PJ, Hiraga T, Niewolna M, Nishimura R. A bone-seeking clone exhibits different biological properties from the MDA-MB-231 parental human breast cancer cells and a brain-seeking clone in vivo and in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 2001, 16:1486-1495.
11. Bos PD, Zhang XH, Nadal C, Shu W, Gomis RR, Nguyen DX, Minn AJ, van de Vijver MJ, Gerald WL, Foekens JA, Massague J. Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to the brain. Nature 2009, 459:1005-1009.
12. Cruz-Munoz W, Man S, Xu P, Kerbel RS. Development of a preclinical model of spontaneous human melanoma central nervous system metastasis. Cancer Res 2008, 68:4500-4505.
13. Paget S. The distribution of secondary growths in cancer of the breast. 1889. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1989, 8:98-101.
14. Chamberlain MC. Leptomeningeal metastasis. Curr Opin Oncol 2010, 22:627-635.
15. Schackert G, Fidler IJ. Site-specific metastasis of mouse melanomas and a fibrosarcoma in the brain or meninges of syngeneic animals. Cancer Res 1988, 48:3478-3484.
16. Zhang C, Zhang F, Tsan R, Fidler IJ. Transforming growth factor-beta2 is a molecular determinant for site-specific melanoma metastasis in the brain. Cancer Res 2009, 69:828-835.
17. Lockman PR, Mittapalli RK, Taskar KS, Rudraraju V, Gril B, Bohn KA, Adkins CE, Roberts A, Thorsheim HR, Gaasch JA, et al. Heterogeneous blood-tumor barrier permeability determines drug efficacy in experimental brain metastases of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16:5664-5678.
18. Sledge GW. Heading in a new direction: drug permeability in breast cancer brain metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16:5605-5607.
19. Kienast Y, von Baumgarten L, Fuhrmann M, Klinkert WE, Goldbrunner R, Herms J, Winkler F. Real-time imaging reveals the single steps of brain metastasis formation. Nat Med 2010, 16:116-122.
20. Yonemori K, Tsuta K, Ono M, Shimizu C, Hirakawa A, Hasegawa T, Hatanaka Y, Narita Y, Shibui S, Fujiwara Y. Disruption of the blood brain barrier by brain metastases of triple-negative and basal-type breast cancer but not HER2/neu-positive breast cancer. Cancer 2010, 116:302-308.
21. Armulik A, Genove G, Mae M, Nisancioglu MH, Wallgard E, Niaudet C, He L, Norlin J, Lindblom P, Strittmatter K, et al. Pericytes regulate the blood-brain barrier. Nature 2010, 468:557-561.
22. Daneman R, Zhou L, Kebede AA, Barres BA. Pericytes are required for blood-brain barrier integrity during embryogenesis. Nature 2010, 468:562-566.
23. Yano S, Shinohara H, Herbst RS, Kuniyasu H, Bucana CD, Ellis LM, Davis DW, McConkey DJ, Fidler IJ. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is necessary but not sufficient for production and growth of brain metastasis. Cancer Res 2000, 60:4959-4967.
24. Kim LS, Huang S, Lu W, Lev DC, Price JE. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression promotes the growth of breast cancer brain metastases in nude mice. Clin Exp Metastasis 2004, 21:107-118.
25. Lorger M, Krueger JS, O'Neal M, Staflin K, Felding-Habermann B. Activation of tumor cell integrin alphavbeta3 controls angiogenesis and metastatic growth in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:10666-10671.
26. Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Biffoni M, Todaro M, Invernici G, Cenci T, Maira G, Parati EA, Stassi G, Larocca LM, De Maria R. Tumour vascularization via endothelial differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Nature 2010, 468:824-828.
27. Wang R, Chadalavada K, Wilshire J, Kowalik U, Hovinga KE, Geber A, Fligelman B, Leversha M, Brennan C, Tabar V. Glioblastoma stem-like cells give rise to tumour endothelium. Nature 2010, 468:829-833.
28. Chen EI, Hewel J, Krueger JS, Tiraby C, Weber MR, Kralli A, Becker K, Yates JR, Felding-Habermann B. Adaptation of energy metabolism in breast cancer brain metastases. Cancer Res 2007, 67:1472-1486.
29. Palmieri D, Fitzgerald D, Shreeve SM, Hua E, Bronder JL, Weil RJ, Davis S, Stark AM, Merino MJ, Kurek R, et al. Analyses of resected human brain metastases of breast cancer reveal the association between up-regulation of hexokinase 2 and poor prognosis. Mol Cancer Res 2009, 7:1438-1445.
30. Warburg O, Wind F, Negelein E. The Metabolism of Tumors in the Body. J Gen Physiol 1927, 8:519-530.
31. Warburg O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science 1956, 123:309-314.
32. Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, Jung S, Littman DR, Dustin ML, Gan WB. ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nat Neurosci 2005, 8:752-758.
33. Nimmerjahn A, Kirchhoff F, Helmchen F. Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 2005, 308:1314-1318.
34. Fitzgerald DP, Palmieri D, Hua E, Hargrave E, Herring JM, Qian Y, Vega-Valle E, Weil RJ, Stark AM, Vortmeyer AO, Steeg PS. Reactive glia are recruited by highly proliferative brain metastases of breast cancer and promote tumor cell colonization. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008, 25:799-810.
35. Lorger M, Felding-Habermann B. Capturing changes in the brain microenvironment during initial steps of breast cancer brain metastasis. Am J Pathol 2010, 176:2958-2971.
36. Lin Q, Balasubramanian K, Fan D, Kim SJ, Guo L, Wang H, Bar-Eli M, Aldape KD, Fidler IJ. Reactive astrocytes protect melanoma cells from chemotherapy by sequestering intracellular calcium through gap junction communication channels. Neoplasia 2010, 12:748-754.
37. Seike T, Fujita K, Yamakawa Y, Kido MA, Takiguchi S, Teramoto N, Iguchi H, Noda M. Interaction between lung cancer cells and astrocytes via specific inflammatory cytokines in the microenvironment of brain metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011, 28:13-25.
38. Denkins Y, Reiland J, Roy M, Sinnappah-Kang ND, Galjour J, Murry BP, Blust J, Aucoin R, Marchetti D. Brain metastases in melanoma: roles of neurotrophins. Neuro Oncol 2004, 6:154-165.
39. Hanisch UK, Kettenmann H. Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10:1387-1394.