Legislation should support optimal breastfeeding practices and access to low-cost, high-quality complementary foods: Indonesia provides a case study

Maternal and Child Nutrition

Volumn 7, Issue SUPPL. 3, 2011, Pages 112-122

  Soekarjo, Damayanti ^a   Zehner, Elizabeth ^b  

^a Independent Consultant   (Indonesia)

^b Independent Consultant   (United States)

Author keywords

Baby friendly hospitals; Breastfeeding; Code of Marketing; Complementary food supplements; Infant and young child nutrition; Lipid nutrient supplements; Micronutrient powders

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BREAST FEEDING; BREAST FEEDING EDUCATION; COST; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INDONESIA; LAW; MARKETING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL;

BREAST FEEDING; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ENERGY INTAKE; FOOD, FORTIFIED; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; INDONESIA; INFANT; INFANT FOOD; MARKETING; NUTRITIONAL STATUS;

EID: 80053002763     PISSN: 17408695     EISSN: 17408709     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00354.x     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Adu-Afarwuah S., Lartey A., Brown K.H., Zlotkin S., Briend A. & Dewey K.G. (2007) Randomized comparison of 3 types of micronutrient supplements for home fortification of complementary foods in Ghana: effects on growth and motor development. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86, 412-420.
2. Adu-Afarwuah S., Lartey A., Brown K.H., Zlotkin S., Briend A. & Dewey K.G. (2008) Home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient supplements is well accepted and has positive effects on infant iron status in Ghana. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87, 929-938.
3. Agency for Health Research and Development. Republic of Indonesia (December 2008) Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007 National Report (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan, Republik Indonesia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2007, Laporan Nasional 2007. Desember 2008. Available at: (Accessed 31 January 2011).
4. Aguayo V.M., Ross J.S., Kanon S. & Ouedraogo A.N. (2003) Monitoring compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in west Africa: multisite cross sectional survey in Togo and Burkina Faso. British Medical Journal 326, 127-132. Available at: (Accessed 20 December 2010).
5. Besar D.S. etal. (2004). Indonesia code violations. Available at: (Accessed 11 January 2011).
6. Chen C.M., Wang Y.Y. & Chang S.Y. (2010) Effect of in-home fortification of complementary feeding on intellectual development of Chinese children. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 23, 83-91.
7. Church World Service, Helen Keller International, CARE (2008) Nutrition Survey in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Final Report.
8. Dewey K.G., Yang Z. & Boy E. (2009) Systematic review and meta-analysis of home fortification of complementary foods. Maternal & Child Nutrition 5, 283-232.
9. Dijkhuizen M.A., Wieringa F.T., West C.E. & Muherdiyantiningsih, Muhilal (2001) Concurrent micronutrient deficiencies in lactating mothers and their infants in Indonesia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 73, 786-791.
10. Ferguson E.L., Darmon N., Fahmida U., Fitriyanti S., Harper T.B. & Premachandra I.M. (2006) Design of optimal food-based complementary feeding recommendations and identification of key 'problem nutrients' using goal programming. Journal of Nutrition. 136, 2399-2404.
11. Head of the National Bureau of Standards (2005) Decision of the Head of the National Bureau of Standards (SK Kepala BSN Nomor 52/KEP/BSN/05/2005) dated 23 Mei 2005 regarding the formulation of four Indonesian National Standards. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
12. Kothari, M & Abderrahim, N (2010) Nutrition Update 2010. ICF Macro: Calverton, MD.
13. Laksono T., Soeharsono S., Budihardja S., Kirana P., Erna M., Handy A.F. etal. (2010) Reducing child mortality in Indonesia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization [serial on the Internet] 88, 642-642. Available at: (Accessed 11 January 2011). doi: 10.1590/S0042-96862010000900002.
14. Ministry of Health/Bappenas/UNICEF/WHO (2010) The Landscape Analysis Indonesia Country assessment. September Jakarta, Indonesia.
15. Minister of Health, Republic of Indonesia (1997) Ministerial Decree Number 237, 1997. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
16. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2004) Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 450/Menkes/IV/2004 tentang Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) secara Eksklusif pada Bayi di Indonesia, 10 April 2004. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
17. Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (2003) Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child. Available at: (Accessed 21 January 2011).
18. de Pee S., Martini E., Moench-Pfanner R., Firdaus M.A., Stormer A., Halati S. etal. (2004) Nutrition and Health Trends in Indonesia 1999-2003. Nutrition & Health Surveillance System Annual Report 2003. Jakarta, Indonesia: Helen Keller International.
19. de Pee S., Moench-Pfanner R., Martini E., Zlotkin S., Darnton-Hill I. & Bloem M.W. (2007) Home fortification in emergency response and transition programming: experiences in Aceh and Nias, Indonesia. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, 189-197.
20. de Pee S. & Bloem M.W. (2009) Current and potential role of specially formulated foods and food supplements for preventing malnutrition amung 6- to 23-month-old children and for treating moderate malnutrition amoung 6- to 59-month-old children. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 30 (Suppl.), S434-S463.
21. de Pee S., Brinkman H.J., Webb P., Godfrey S., Darnton-Hill I., Alderman H., Semba R.D., Piwoz E. & Bloem M.W. (2010) How to ensure nutrition security in the global economic crisis to protect and enhance development of young children and our common future. The Journal of Nutrition 140, 138S-142S. Epub 2009 Nov 25.
22. Quinn V., Zehner E., Schoefield D., Guyon A. & Huffman S.L. (2010) Using the code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes to guide the marketing of complementary foods to protect optimal infant feeding practices. Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN). Geneva, Switzerland.
23. Republic of Indonesia (2009) Health Bill (Law no 36, 2009). Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
24. Santika O., Fahmida U. & Ferguson E.L. (2009) Development of food based complementary feeding recommendations for 9- to 11-month-old peri-urban Indonesian infants using linear programming. Journal of Nutrition 139, 135-141.
25. Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik - BPS) and Macro International (2008) Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (2007) Calverton, Maryland, USA: BPS and Macro International. Available at: (Accessed 15 November 2010).
26. Supriyono A. (2010) Government Health Activities will no longer Use Sponsor Funds [Kegiatan Kesehatan Pemerintah tak Lagi Pakai Dana Sponsor]. Republika - Thursday, August 12, 2010. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
27. Ten Year Strategy to Reduce Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies, Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition Working Group: Formulations Subgroup (2009) Formulations for fortified complementary foods and supplements: review of successful products for improving the nutritional status of infants and young children. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 30 (Suppl.), S239-S255.
28. The World Bank Group (2010) PovcalNet. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
29. UNICEF (December 2008) The State of the World's Children 2009: Maternal and Newborn Health. UNICEF. New York, USA. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
30. UNICEF (12 August, 2009) The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
31. Victora C.G., Adair L., Fall C., Hallal P.C., Martorell R., Richter L., Sachdev H.S. & Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study Group (2008) Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet 371, 340-357.
32. Victora C.G., de Onis M., Hallal P.C., Blössner M. & Shrimpton R. (2010) Worldwide timing of growth faltering: revisiting implications for interventions. Pediatrics 125, e473-e480. Epub 2010 Feb 15.
33. Wang Y., Chen C., Wang F. & Wang K. (2007) Effects of nutrient fortified complementary food supplements on growth of infants and young children in poor rural area in Gansu Province. Journal of Hygiene Research 36, 78-81. (in Chinese).
34. World Health Assembly (25 May 2005) WHA 58.32 Infant and Young Child Nutrition. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
35. World Health Organization (1981) International Code of Marketing of Beastmilk Substitutes. World Health Organization: Geneva. Available at: (Accessed 21 February 2011).
36. World Health Organization (2008) Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices: Conclusions of a Consensus Meeting Held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. WHO: Geneva.
37. World Health Organization (18 July 2009) Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Available at: (Accessed 5 November 2010).
38. World Health Organization & UNICEF (1989) Protecting Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding: The Special Role of Maternity Services, a joint WHO/UNICEF statement. Geneva, 1989. Available at: (Accessed 19 December 2010).
39. World Health Organization & UNICEF (2003) Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. WHO: Geneva. Available at: (Accessed 6 April 2010).
40. World Health Organization & UNICEF (2008) Strengthening Actions to Improve Feeding of Infants and Young Children 6-23 Months of Age in Nutrition and Child Health: Report of Proceedings, Geneva, 6-9 October 2008. WHO: Geneva.