Infections in patients with hematologic neoplasms and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Neutropenia, humoral, and splenic defects

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 53, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 798-806

  Safdar, Amar ^a   Armstrong, Donald ^b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ATOVAQUONE; AZITHROMYCIN; CASPOFUNGIN; CLINDAMYCIN; CYTARABINE; ECHINOCANDIN; ETOPOSIDE; FLUCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; POSACONAZOLE; QUININE; RECOMBINANT GROWTH FACTOR; RECOMBINANT MYELOID GROWTH FACTOR; TRIAZOLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VORICONAZOLE;

ABSCESS; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; BABESIOSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; GRANULOCYTOPENIA; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HEPATOSPLENIC FUNGAL ABSCESS; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; INFECTION; INNATE IMMUNITY; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NEUTROPENIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPLEEN DEFECT; SPLEEN FUNCTION; SPLENECTOMY; SYSTEMIC MYCOSIS;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES; IMMUNITY, HUMORAL; IMMUNITY, INNATE; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; NEUTROPENIA; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; SPLEEN; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS;

EID: 80052877360     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir492     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Safdar A, Armstrong D. Infectious morbidity in critically ill patients with cancer. Crit Care Clin 2001; 17:531-370.
2. Robak T. Alemtuzumab for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2008; 8:1033-51.
3. Elter T, Vehreschild JJ, Gribben J, Cornely OA, Engert A, Hallek M. Management of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with alemtuzumab. Ann Hematol 2009; 88:121-32.
4. O'Connor SM, Boneva RS. Infectious etiologies of childhood leukemia: plausibility and challenges to proof. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:146-50. (Pubitemid 46050297)
5. Sakr Y, Sponholz C, Tuche F, Brunkhorst F, Reinhart K. The role of procalcitonin in febrile neutropenic patients: review of the literature. Infection 2008; 36:396-407.
6. Safdar A, Bodey G, Armstrong D. Infections in patients with cancer-overview. In: Safdar A, ed. Principles and practice of cancer infectious diseases. New York, New York: Springer Science; 2011:3-15.
7. Bodey GP, Buckley M, Sathe YS, Freireich EJ. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med 1966; 64:328-40.
8. Engelich G, Wright DG, Hartshorn KL. Acquired disorders of phagocyte function complicating medical and surgical illnesses. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:2040-8. (Pubitemid 33152399)
9. Bennett CL, Stinson TJ, Tallman MS, et al. Economic analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled phase III study of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in adult patients (. 55 to 70 years of age) with acute myelogenous leukemia. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E1490). Ann Oncol 1999; 10:177-82. (Pubitemid 29113177)
10. Larson RA, Dodge RK, Linker CA, et al. A randomized controlled trial of filgrastim during remission induction and consolidation chemotherapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: CALGB study 9111. Blood 1998; 92:1556-64. (Pubitemid 28406859)
11. Godwin JE, Kopecky KJ, Head DR, et al. A double-blind placebocontrolled trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest oncology group study (9031). Blood 1998; 91:3607-15. (Pubitemid 28225726)
12. Witz F, Sadoun A, Perrin MC, et al. A placebo-controlled study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor administered during and after induction treatment for de novo acute myelogenous leukemia in elderly patients. Groupe Ouest Est Leucémies Aiguës Myéloblastiques (GOELAM). Blood 1998; 91:2722-30. (Pubitemid 28227521)
13. Rowe JM, Andersen JW, Mazza JJ, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled phase III study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adult patients (.55 to 70 years of age) with acute myelogenous leukemia: a study of the Eastern CooperativeOncology Group (E1490). Blood 1995; 86:457-62.
14. Rolston KV, Bodey GP, Safdar A. Polymicrobial infection in patients with cancer: an underappreciated and underreported entity. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:228-33. (Pubitemid 47041015)
15. Rolston KV. Review: daptomycin for the treatment of gram-positive infections in neutropenic cancer patients. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2008; 6:815-7.
16. Chatzinikolaou I, Abi-Said D, Bodey GP, Rolston KV, Tarrand JJ, Samonis G. Recent experience with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with cancer: retrospective analysis of 245 episodes. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:501-9. (Pubitemid 30112273)
17. Elting LS, Rubenstein EB, Rolston KV, Bodey GP. Outcomes of bacteremia in patients with cancer and neutropenia: observations from two decades of epidemiological and clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25:247-59. (Pubitemid 27364722)
18. Chaberny IF, Ruseva E, Sohr D, et al. Surveillance with successful reduction of central line-associated bloodstream infections among neutropenic patients with hematologic or oncologic malignancies. Ann Hematol 2009; 88:907-12.
19. Nieboer P, de Vries EG, Mulder NH, et al. Factors influencing catheterrelated infections in the Dutch multicenter study on high-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral SCT in high-risk breast cancer patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008; 42:475-81.
20. Shaul DB, Scheer B, Rokhsar S, et al. Risk factors for early infection of central venous catheters in pediatric patients. J Am Coll Surg 1998; 186:654-8. (Pubitemid 28262234)
21. Cruciani M, Rampazzo R, Malena M, et al. Prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones for bacterial infections in neutropenic patients: a metaanalysis. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:795-805. (Pubitemid 26331127)
22. Rolston KV. New antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections in cancer patients. Hematol Oncol 2009. [Epub ahead of print] Hematol Oncol 2009; 27:107-14.
23. Martino R, Subira M, Altes A, et al. Effect of discontinuing prophylaxis with norfloxacin in patients with hematologic malignancies and severe neutropenia: a matched case-control study of the effect on infectious morbidity. Acta Haematol 1998; 99:206-11. (Pubitemid 28230389)
24. Ohmagari N, Hanna H, Graviss L, et al. Risk factors for infections with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cancer. Cancer 2005; 104:205-12. (Pubitemid 40847770)
25. Rolston KV, Elting L, Waguespack S, Ho DH, LeBlanc B, Bodey GP. Survey of antibiotic susceptibility among gram-negative bacilli at a cancer center. Chemotherapy 1996; 42:348-53. (Pubitemid 26275886)
26. Safdar A, Rolston KV. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: changing spectrum of a serious bacterial pathogen in patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:1602-9. (Pubitemid 351411846)
27. Safdar A, Rodriguez GH, Balakrishnan M, Tarrand JJ, Rolston KV. Changing trends in etiology of bacteremia in patients with cancer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:522-6.
28. Aisenberg G, Rolston KV, Dickey BF, Kontoyiannis DP, Raad II, Safdar A. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia in cancer patients without traditional risk factors for infection, 1997-2004. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:13-20. (Pubitemid 46089577)
29. Ansari SR, Hanna H, Hachem R, Jiang Y, Rolston K, Raad I. Risk factors for infections with multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in patients with cancer. Cancer 2007; 109:2615-22. (Pubitemid 46908653)
30. Wynne JW, Armstrong D. Clostridial septicemia. Cancer 1972; 29: 215-21.
31. Kornbluth AA, Danzig JB, Bernstein LH. Clostridium septicum infection and associated malignancy. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1989; 68:30-7. (Pubitemid 19041251)
32. Spanik S, Trupl J, Kunova A, et al. Bloodstream infections due to anaerobic bacteria in cancer patients: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome of anaerobic bacteremia. Neoplasma 1996; 43:235-8. (Pubitemid 26305718)
33. Kuehnert MJ, Jernigan JA, Pullen AL, et al. Association between mucositis severity and vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infection in hospitalized cancer patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:660-3.
34. Brandl K, Plitas G, Mihu CN, et al. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci exploit antibiotic-induced innate immune deficits. Nature 2008; 455:804-7.
35. Roghmann MC, McCarter RJ Jr, Brewrink J, Cross AS, Morris JG Jr. Clostridium difficile infection is a risk factor for bacteremia due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in VRE-colonized patients with acute leukemia. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25:1056-9. (Pubitemid 27513185)
36. Sloas MM, Flynn PM, Kaste SC, et al. Typhilitis in children with cancer: a 30-year experience. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17:484-90. (Pubitemid 23261468)
37. Ullery BW, Pieracci FM, Rodney JR, Barie PS. Neutropenic enterocolitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2009; 10:307-14.
38. Boccia D, Stolfi I, Lana S, Moro ML. Nosocomial necrotizing enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures. Eur J Ped 2001; 160:385-91. (Pubitemid 32449154)
39. Koea JB, Shaw JH. Surgical management of neutropenic enterocolitis. Br J Surg 1989; 76:821-4. (Pubitemid 19200947)
40. Koh AY, Köhler JR, Coggshall KT, Van Rooijen N, Pier GB. Mucosal damage and neutropenia are required for Candida albicans dissemination. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e35.
41. Girmenia C, Pagano L, Martino B, et al; GIMEMA Infection Program. Invasive infections caused by Trichosporon species and Geotrichum capitatum in patients with hematological malignancies: a retrospective multicenter study from Italy and review of the literature. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1818-28.
42. Beck-Sague C, Jarvis WR. Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980-1990. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 1247-51. (Pubitemid 23115628)
43. Girmenia C, Martino P, De Bernardis F, et al. Rising incidence of Candida parapsilosis fungemia in patients with hematologic malignancies: clinical aspects, predisposing factors, and differential pathogenicity of the causative strains. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:506-14. (Pubitemid 26304499)
44. Safdar A, Perlin DS, Armstrong D. Hematogenous infections due to Candida parapsilosis: changing trends in fungemic patients at a comprehensive cancer center during the last four decades. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 44:11-116.
45. Hachem R, Hanna H, Kontoyiannis D, Jiang Y, Raad I. The changing epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: Candida glabrata and Candida krusei as the leading causes of candidemia in hematologic malignancy. Cancer 2008; 112:2493-9.
46. Safdar A, van Rhee F, Henslee-Downey JP, Singhal S, Mehta J. Candida glabrata and Candida krusei fungemia after high-risk allogeneic marrow transplantation: no adverse effect of low-dose fluconazole prophylaxis on incidence and outcome. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 28:873-8. (Pubitemid 33107615)
47. Sipsas NV, Lewis RE, Tarrand J, et al. Candidemia in patients with hematologic malignancies in the era of new antifungal agents (2001-2007): stable incidence but changing epidemiology of a still frequently lethal infection. Cancer 2009; 115:4745-52.
48. Pfaller MA, Moet GJ, Messer SA, Jones RN, Castanheira M. Candida bloodstream infections: comparison of species distribution and antifungal resistance in community onset and nosocomial isolates in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2008-2009). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:561-6.
49. Safdar A, Chaturvedi V, Cross EW, et al. Prospective study of Candida species in patients at a comprehensive cancer center. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2129-33. (Pubitemid 32591711)
50. Pittet D, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infections: secular trends in rates, mortality, and contribution to total hospital deaths. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:1177-84.
51. Velasco E, Bigni R. A prospective cohort study evaluating the prognostic impact of clinical characteristics and comorbid conditions of hospitalized adult and pediatric cancer patients with candidemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:1071-8.
52. Pappas PG, Rotstein CM, Betts RF, et al. Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:883-93. (Pubitemid 47580382)
53. Denning DW. Invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:781-805. (Pubitemid 28180316)
54. Safdar A. Strategies to enhance immune function in hematopoietic transplantation recipients who have fungal infections. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38:327-37.
55. Hope WW, Kruhlak MJ, Lyman CA, et al. Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus and the kinetics of galactomannan in an in vitro model of early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: implications for antifungal therapy. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:455-66. (Pubitemid 46146125)
56. Hope WW, Petraitis V, Petraitiene R, Aghamolla T, Bacher J, Walsh TJ. The initial 96 hours of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: histopathology, comparative kinetics of galactomannan and (1-.3) b-d-glucan and consequences of delayed antifungal therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:4879-86.
57. Maertens J, Theunissen K, Lodewyck T, Lagrou K, Van Eldere J. Advances in the serological diagnosis of invasive Aspergillus infections in patients with haematological disorders. Mycoses 2007; 50(Suppl 1):2-17. (Pubitemid 46501739)
58. Marr KA, Laverdiere M, Gugel A, Leisenring W. Antifungal therapy decreases sensitivity of the Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:1762-9. (Pubitemid 40799945)
59. Marr KA, Balajee SA, McLaughlin L, Tabouret M, Bentsen C, Walsh TJ. Detection of galactomannan antigenemia by enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: variables that affect performance. J Infect Dis 2004; 190:641-9. (Pubitemid 38982107)
60. Maschmeyer G, Beinert T, Buchheidt D, et al. Diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of lung infiltrates in febrile neutropenic patients: guidelines of the infectious diseases working party of the German Society of Haematology and Oncology. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:2462-72.
61. Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:408-15. (Pubitemid 34851833)
62. Patterson TF, Boucher HW, Herbrecht R, et al. Strategy of following voriconazole versus amphotericin B therapy with other licensed antifungal therapy for primary treatment of invasive aspergillosis: impact of other therapies on outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1448-52. (Pubitemid 41579987)
63. Nagappan V, Deresinski S. Reviews of anti-infective agents: posaconazole: a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:1610-7. (Pubitemid 351411847)
64. Lewis R, Hogan H, Howell A, Safdar A. Progressive fusariosis: unpredictable posaconazole bioavailability, and feasibility of recombinant interferon-gamma plus granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor for refractory disseminated infection. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 49:163-5. (Pubitemid 351146899)
65. Marr KA, Boeckh M, Carter RA, Kim HW, Corey L. Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:797-802. (Pubitemid 39244292)
66. Safdar A, Rodriguez GH, Lichtiger B, et al. Recombinant interferon gamma1b immune enhancement in 20 patients with hematologic malignancies and systemic opportunistic infections treated with donor granulocyte transfusions. Cancer 2006; 106:2664-71.
67. Safdar A, Rodriguez G, Ohmagari N, et al. The safety of interferongamma-1b therapy for invasive fungal infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer 2005; 103:731-9. (Pubitemid 40216401)
68. Neofytos D, Horn D, Anaissie E, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infection in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: analysis of Multicenter Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH) Alliance registry. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:265-73.
69. Kontoyiannis DP, Lionakis MS, Lewis RE, et al. Zygomycosis in a tertiary-care cancer center in the era of Aspergillus-active antifungal therapy: a case-control observational study of 27 recent cases. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:1350-60.
70. Spellberg B, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP, Edwards J Jr, Ibrahim AS. Recent advances in the management of mucormycosis: from bench to bedside. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:1743-51.
71. Sallah S, Semelka RC, Wehbie R, et al. Hepatosplenic candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia. Br J Hematol 1999; 106:697-701. (Pubitemid 29434207)
72. Anttila VJ, Färkkilä M, Jansson SE, et al. Diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with acute leukemia and suspected hepatic candidiasis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16:637-43. (Pubitemid 27470336)
73. Sorà F, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, et al. Successful treatment with caspofungin of hepatosplenic candidiasis resistant to liposomal amphotericin B. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35:1135-6. (Pubitemid 35239476)
74. Legrand F, Lecuit M, Dupont B, et al. Adjuvant corticosteroid therapy for chronic disseminated candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:696-702. (Pubitemid 351321553)
75. Arenas-Gamboa AM, Ficht TA, Kahl-McDonagh MM, Rice-Ficht AC. Immunization with a single dose of a microencapsulated Brucella melitensis mutant enhances protection against wild-type challenge. Infect Immun 2008; 76:2448-4455.
76. Yuste J, Sen A, Truedsson L, et al. Impaired opsonization with C3b and phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in sera from subjects with defects in the classical complement pathway. Infect Immun 2008; 76:3761-70.
77. Hamblin AD, Hamblin TJ. The immunodeficiency of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br Med Bull 2008; 87:49-62.
78. Kuzmina Z, Greinix HT, Weigl R, et al. Significant differences in B-cell subpopulations characterize patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease associated dysgammaglobulinemia. Blood. 2011; 117:2265-74.
79. Savage DG, Lindenbaum J, Garrett TJ. Biphasic pattern of bacterial infection in multiple myeloma. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96:47-50. (Pubitemid 12205515)
80. Oksenhendler E, Gérard L, Fieschi C, et al. Infections in 252 patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1547-54. (Pubitemid 351706736)
81. Austrian R. Maxwell Finland Lecture. Random gleanings from a life with the pneumococcus. J Infect Dis 1975; 131:474-84.
82. Kumashi P, Girgawy E, Tarrand JJ, Rolston KV, Raad II, Safdar A. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in patients with cancer: disease characteristics and outcomes in the era of escalating drug resistance (1998-2002). Medicine (Baltimore) 2005; 84:303-12. (Pubitemid 41368483)
83. Youssef S, Rodriguez G, Rolston KV, Champlin RE, Raad II, Safdar A. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in 47 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: clinical characteristics of infections and vaccine-breakthrough infections, 1989-2005. Medicine (Baltimore) 2007; 86:69-77. (Pubitemid 46668056)
84. Thornsberry C, Sahm DF, Kelly LJ, et al. Regional trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States: results from the TRUST Surveillance Program, 1999-2000. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34(Suppl 1):4-16.
85. Safdar A, Rodriguez GH, Rueda AM, et al. Multiple-dose granulocytemacrophage-colony-stimulating factor plus 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective, randomized trial of safety and immunogenicity. Cancer 2008; 113:383-7.
86. Thompson C, Spielman A, Krause PJ. Coinfecting deer-associated zoonoses: lyme disease, babesiosis, and ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:676-85. (Pubitemid 32762941)
87. Grima KM. Therapeutic apheresis in hematological and oncological diseases. J Clin Apher 2000; 15:28-52. (Pubitemid 30176813)
88. Hughes WT. Protozoan infections in haematological diseases. Clin Haematol 1976; 5:329-45.
89. Greene RE, Schlamm HT, Oestmann JW, et al. Imaging findings in acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: clinical significance of the halo sign. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:373-9. (Pubitemid 46147619)