메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 720-731

Statistical analysis of signal measurement in time-of-flight cameras

Author keywords

3D time of flight camera; Maximum likelihood; Range error analysis; SNR; Statistical analysis

Indexed keywords

3D IMAGING; CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY; DIRECT MEASUREMENT; EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION; FRAME RATE; IMAGE ARRAY; LOW SNR; MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS; NOISE CONDITIONS; NOISE MODELS; PROCESSING ALGORITHMS; RANGE DATA; RANGE DATA SENSORS; RANGE ERROR; RANGE IMAGES; RECEIVED SIGNALS; SIGNAL TO NOISE; SNR; STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; THREE PARAMETERS; TIME OF FLIGHT; TIME-OF-FLIGHT CAMERAS;

EID: 80052830239     PISSN: 09242716     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.06.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (48)
  • 4
    • 0012001393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual Methods for Three-Dimensional Modeling
    • Ph.D. Thesis, Caltech.
    • Bouguet, J.Y., 1999. Visual Methods for Three-Dimensional Modeling. Ph.D. Thesis, Caltech.
    • (1999)
    • Bouguet, J.Y.1
  • 6
    • 53849108774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCD/CMOS lock-in pixel for range imaging: challenges, limitations and state-of-the-art. In: Proceedings of the First Range Imaging Research at ETH Zurich, September 2005. ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
    • Büttgen, B., Oggier, T., Lehmann, M., Kaufmann, R., Lustenberger, F., 2005. CCD/CMOS lock-in pixel for range imaging: challenges, limitations and state-of-the-art. In: Proceedings of the First Range Imaging Research at ETH Zurich, September 2005. ETH, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 21-32.
    • (2005) , pp. 21-32
    • Büttgen, B.1    Oggier, T.2    Lehmann, M.3    Kaufmann, R.4    Lustenberger, F.5
  • 8
    • 41549103697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The absolute maximum of the likelihood function of the rice distribution: existence and uniqueness
    • Carobbi C., Cati M. The absolute maximum of the likelihood function of the rice distribution: existence and uniqueness. IEEE Transactions on Instruments and Measurements 2008, 57(4):682-689.
    • (2008) IEEE Transactions on Instruments and Measurements , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 682-689
    • Carobbi, C.1    Cati, M.2
  • 9
    • 41149171172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video-rate or high-precision: a flexible range imaging camera
    • In: Proceedings of the SPIE IS&T Electronic Imaging,
    • Dorrington, A.A., Cree, M.J., Carnegie, D.A., Payne, A.D., Conroy, R.M., Godbaz, J.P., Jongenelen, A.P.P., 2008. Video-rate or high-precision: a flexible range imaging camera. In: Proceedings of the SPIE IS&T Electronic Imaging, vol. 6813, p. 681307.
    • (2008) , vol.6813 , pp. 681307
    • Dorrington, A.A.1    Cree, M.J.2    Carnegie, D.A.3    Payne, A.D.4    Conroy, R.M.5    Godbaz, J.P.6    Jongenelen, A.P.P.7
  • 10
    • 79961078042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lock-in time-of-flight (TOF) cameras: a survey
    • early access
    • Foix S., Alenya G., Torras C. Lock-in time-of-flight (TOF) cameras: a survey. IEEE Sensors Journal 2011, 11(3). early access.
    • (2011) IEEE Sensors Journal , vol.11 , Issue.3
    • Foix, S.1    Alenya, G.2    Torras, C.3
  • 11
    • 70350448453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and experimental error analysis of continuous-wave time-of-flight range cameras
    • Frank M., Plaue M., Rapp H., Köthe U., Jähne B., Hamprecht F.A. Theoretical and experimental error analysis of continuous-wave time-of-flight range cameras. Optical Engineering 2009, 48(1):013602.
    • (2009) Optical Engineering , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 013602
    • Frank, M.1    Plaue, M.2    Rapp, H.3    Köthe, U.4    Jähne, B.5    Hamprecht, F.A.6
  • 13
    • 34249775508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fast motion on range images acquired by LIDAR scanners for automotive applications
    • Groll L., Kapp A. Effect of fast motion on range images acquired by LIDAR scanners for automotive applications. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 2007, 55(6):2945-2953.
    • (2007) IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 2945-2953
    • Groll, L.1    Kapp, A.2
  • 15
    • 0032307498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
    • Hancock, J., Hebert, M., Thorpe, C., 1998. Laser intensity-based obstacle detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, vol. 3, pp. 1541-1546.
    • (1998) Laser intensity-based obstacle detection , vol.3 , pp. 1541-1546
    • Hancock, J.1    Hebert, M.2    Thorpe, C.3
  • 16
    • 70449993033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: A Performance Review of 3D TOF Vision Systems in Comparison to Stereo Vision Systems. InTech Education and Publishing
    • Hussmann, S., Ringbeck, T., Hagebeuker, B., 2008. Stereo vision. In: A Performance Review of 3D TOF Vision Systems in Comparison to Stereo Vision Systems. InTech Education and Publishing, pp. 103-120.
    • (2008) Stereo vision , pp. 103-120
    • Hussmann, S.1    Ringbeck, T.2    Hagebeuker, B.3
  • 18
    • 33846326284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration of the fast range imaging camera SwissRanger for use in the surveillance of the environment
    • In: Proceedings Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference\
    • Kahlmann, T., Ingensand, H., 2006. Calibration of the fast range imaging camera SwissRanger for use in the surveillance of the environment. In: Proceedings Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference, vol. 6396, pp. 639605-639612.
    • (2006) , vol.6396 , pp. 639605-639612
    • Kahlmann, T.1    Ingensand, H.2
  • 19
    • 34249015785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range imaging technology: new developments and applications for people identification and tracking
    • In: Proceedings SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging, January 2007, San Jose, CA, USA,
    • Kahlmann, T., Remondino, F., Guillaume, S., 2007. Range imaging technology: new developments and applications for people identification and tracking. In: Proceedings SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging, vol. 6491, January 2007, San Jose, CA, USA, p. 64910C.
    • (2007)
    • Kahlmann, T.1    Remondino, F.2    Guillaume, S.3
  • 22
    • 34250661165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fusion of stereo-camera and PMD-camera data for real-time suited precise 3D environment reconstruction
    • In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
    • Kuhnert, K.-D., Stommel, M., 2006. Fusion of stereo-camera and PMD-camera data for real-time suited precise 3D environment reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 4780-4785.
    • (2006) , pp. 4780-4785
    • Kuhnert, K.-D.1    Stommel, M.2
  • 23
    • 80052831186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D Time-of-Flight Distance Measurement with Custom Solid-State Image Sensors in CMOS/CCD-Technology. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of Siegen.
    • Lange, R., 2000. 3D Time-of-Flight Distance Measurement with Custom Solid-State Image Sensors in CMOS/CCD-Technology. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of Siegen.
    • (2000)
    • Lange, R.1
  • 25
    • 0033689039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demodulation pixels in CCD and CMOS technologies for time-of-flight ranging
    • In: Proceedings of the IST/SPIE International Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Sensors, Cameras, and Systems for Scientific/Industrial Applications II, January 2000, San Jose, USA
    • Lange, R., Seitz, P., Bibre, A., Lauxtermann, S., 2000. Demodulation pixels in CCD and CMOS technologies for time-of-flight ranging. In: Proceedings of the IST/SPIE International Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Sensors, Cameras, and Systems for Scientific/Industrial Applications II, vol. 3965, January 2000, San Jose, USA, pp. 177-188.
    • (2000) , vol.3965 , pp. 177-188
    • Lange, R.1    Seitz, P.2    Bibre, A.3    Lauxtermann, S.4
  • 28
    • 0005033341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental Investigation of Photonic Mixer Device and Development of TOF 3D Ranging Systems based on PMD Technology
    • Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of Siegen.
    • Luan, X., 2001. Experimental Investigation of Photonic Mixer Device and Development of TOF 3D Ranging Systems based on PMD Technology. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of Siegen.
    • (2001)
    • Luan, X.1
  • 29
    • 0032209651 scopus 로고
    • Time-of-flight optical ranging system based on time-correlated single-photon counting
    • Massa J.S., Buller G.S., Walker A.C., Cova S., Umasuthan M., Wallace A.M. Time-of-flight optical ranging system based on time-correlated single-photon counting. Applied Optics 1991, 37(1):7298-7304.
    • (1991) Applied Optics , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 7298-7304
    • Massa, J.S.1    Buller, G.S.2    Walker, A.C.3    Cova, S.4    Umasuthan, M.5    Wallace, A.M.6
  • 30
    • 80052850531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D Time-of-Flight Ranging for Robotic Perception in Dynamic Environments. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Osnabrück.
    • May, S., 2009. 3D Time-of-Flight Ranging for Robotic Perception in Dynamic Environments. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Osnabrück.
    • (2009)
    • May, S.1
  • 31
    • 0031370303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems
    • Meier, E., Ade, F., 1997. Tracking cars in range image sequences. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp. 105-110.
    • (1997) Tracking cars in range image sequences. , pp. 105-110
    • Meier, E.1    Ade, F.2
  • 32
    • 80052847126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: Proceedings of the First Range Imaging Research at ETH Zurich. Zurich, Switzerland, p. 'Supplement to the Proceedings'.
    • Moller, T., Kraft, H., Frey, J., Albrecht, M., Lange, R., 2005. Robust 3D measurement with PMD sensors. In: Proceedings of the First Range Imaging Research at ETH Zurich. Zurich, Switzerland, p. 'Supplement to the Proceedings'.
    • (2005) Robust 3D measurement with PMD sensors
    • Moller, T.1    Kraft, H.2    Frey, J.3    Albrecht, M.4    Lange, R.5
  • 34
    • 80052825301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D Image Analysis and Smart Automotive Applications. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Engineering at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
    • Mufti, F., 2010. 3D Image Analysis and Smart Automotive Applications. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Engineering at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
    • (2010)
    • Mufti, F.1
  • 36
    • 34547349005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long range obstacle detection using laser scanner and stereovision
    • In: Labayrade, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium
    • Perrollaz, M., Labayrade, R., Royere, C., Hautiere, N., Aubert, D., 2006. Long range obstacle detection using laser scanner and stereovision. In: Labayrade, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp. 182-187.
    • (2006) , pp. 182-187
    • Perrollaz, M.1    Labayrade, R.2    Royere, C.3    Hautiere, N.4    Aubert, D.5
  • 37
    • 80052856117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of PMD Imaging System. Technical Report, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    • Plaue, M., 2006. Analysis of PMD Imaging System. Technical Report, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    • (2006)
    • Plaue, M.1
  • 38
    • 51849161502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incident light related distance error study and calibration of the PMD-range imaging camera
    • In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, June 2008
    • Radmer, J., Fuste, P.M., Schmidt, H., Kruger, J., 2008. Incident light related distance error study and calibration of the PMD-range imaging camera. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, June 2008, pp. 1-6.
    • (2008) , pp. 1-6
    • Radmer, J.1    Fuste, P.M.2    Schmidt, H.3    Kruger, J.4
  • 39
    • 80052869715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Correlating TOF-Camera Systems. Master's Thesis, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
    • Rapp, H., 2007. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Correlating TOF-Camera Systems. Master's Thesis, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
    • (2007)
    • Rapp, H.1
  • 42
    • 79952530089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of distance data with high resolution images
    • In: Proceedings of the Image Engineering and Vision Metrology (IEVM'06).
    • Reulke, R., 2006. Combination of distance data with high resolution images. In: Proceedings of the Image Engineering and Vision Metrology (IEVM'06).
    • (2006)
    • Reulke, R.1
  • 43
    • 84944485718 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical analysis of random noise-conclusion
    • Rice S.O. Mathematical analysis of random noise-conclusion. Bell System Technical Journal 1945, 24:46-156.
    • (1945) Bell System Technical Journal , vol.24 , pp. 46-156
    • Rice, S.O.1
  • 45
    • 51849124684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-quality scanning using time-of-flight depth superresolutio
    • In: Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW'08)
    • Schuon, S., Theobalt, C., Davis, J., Thrun, S., 2008. High-quality scanning using time-of-flight depth superresolution. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW'08), pp. 1-7.
    • (2008) , pp. 1-7
    • Schuon, S.1    Theobalt, C.2    Davis, J.3    Thrun, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.