Endocannabinoid system dysfunction in mood and related disorders

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

Volumn 124, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 250-261

  Ashton, C H ^a   Moore, P B ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anandamide; Cannabis; Endocannabinoid system; Mood and related disorders

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; ANANDAMIDE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; ENDOCANNABINOID; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL;

ANXIETY; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHRONIC PAIN; DEPRESSION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EPILEPSY; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUICIDE;

ANXIETY; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOIDS; CEREBRAL CORTEX; DEPRESSION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; ENDOCANNABINOIDS; HUMANS; MOOD DISORDERS; PAIN; RECEPTORS, CANNABINOID; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUICIDE; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL;

EID: 80052794846     PISSN: 0001690X     EISSN: 16000447     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01687.x     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Perry E, Young A. Neurotransmitter networks. In: Perry E, Ashton H, Young A, eds. Neurochemistry of consciousness. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002:1-24.
2. Di Marzo V, Melck D, Brisogno T, De Petrocellos L. Endocannabinoids: endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands with neuromodulatory action. Trends Neurosci 1998;21:521-528.
3. Piomelli D, Giuffrida A, Calignano A, De Fonseca FR. The endocannabinoid system as a target for therapeutic drugs. Trends Pharm Sci 2000;21:218-224.
4. Köfalvi A. (ed.) Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer Science + Business Media LLC, 2008.
5. De Fonseca FR, Del Arco I, Bermudez-Silva FJ, Bilbao A, Cippitelli A, Navarro M. The endocannabinoid system: physiology and pharmacology. Alcohol 2005;40:2-14.
6. Musty RE, Reggio P, Consroe P. A review of recent advances in cannabinoid research and the 1994 international symposium on cannabis and the cannabinoids. Life Sci 1995;56:1933-1940.
7. Monory K, Lutz B. The endocannabinoid system as a therapeutic target in epilepsy. In: Köfalvi A, ed. Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer Science, 2008:407-419.
8. Tzavara ET, Witkin JM. The cannabinoid controversy: cannabinoid agonists and antagonists as potential novel therapies for mood disorders. In Köfalvi A ed. Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer Science, 2008: 529-558.
9. Devane WA, Hanus L, Brewer A. Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 1992; 258: 1946-1949.
10. Sugiura T, Kondo S, Sukagawa A et al. 2-Arachydonyl glycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in the brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;215:89-97.
11. Ashton CH, Moore PB, Gallagher P, Young AH. Cannabinoids in bipolar affective disorder: a review and discussion of their therapeutic potential. J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19: 293-300.
12. Joy JE, Watson SJ, Benson JA eds. Marijuana and medicine. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press, 1999.
13. Sugiura T. Biosynthesis of anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol. In Köfalvi A. ed. Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer Science + Business Media LLC, 2008: 15-30.
14. Christie MJ, Vaughan CW. Cannabinoids act backwards. Nature 2001;410:527-530.
15. Alger BE. Endocannabinoids: Getting the message across. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2004;101:8512-8513.
16. Marsciano G, Kuner R. Anatomical distribution of receptors, ligands and enzymes in the brain and in the spinal cord: circuitries and neurochemistry. In Köfalvi A ed. Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer + Business Medicine LLC, 2008: 161-201.
17. 2 cannabinoid receptors: molecular, signalling and trafficking properties. In Kofalvi A ed. Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer Science + Business Media LCC, 2008: 75-79.
18. Zygmunt PM, Julius D, Dimarzo V, Hogerstatt ED. Anandamide - the other side of the coin. Trends Pharm Sci 2000;21:43-44.
19. Ryberg E, Larsson N, Sjogren S et al. The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2007;152:1092-2010.
20. Degroot A. Role of cannabinoid receptors in anxiety disorders. In Kofalvi A ed. Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer Science + Business Media LLC, 2008: 559-572.
21. Roy-Byrne PP. The GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex: structure, function and role in anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66(Suppl. 21):14-20.
22. Bisogno T, Hanus L, De Petrocellis L et al. Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide. Br J Pharmacol 2001;134:845-852.
23. Mechoulam R, Parker LA, Gallily R. Cannabidiol: an overview of some pharmacological aspects. Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:11S-19S.
24. Zuardi AW. Cannabidiol: from an inactive compound to a drug with a wide spectrum of action. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2008;30:271-280.
25. Maykut MO. Health consequences of acute and chronic marihuana use. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1985;9:209-238.
26. 1-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids with emphasis on man. Pharmacol Rev 1986;38:21-43.
27. Busto U, Bendayan R, Sellers EM. Clinical pharmacokinetics of non-opiate abused drugs. Clin Pharmacokinetics 1989;16:1-26.
28. Harvey DJ. Absorption, distribution, and biotransformation of the cannabinoids. In Nahas GG, Sutin KM, Harvey D, Agurell S eds. Marihuana and medicine. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press, 1999:91-95.
29. British medical association. Therapeutic uses of cannabis. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997.
30. Paton WDM, Pertwee RG. The actions of cannabis in man. In Nahas GG, Paton WDM eds. Marijuana; chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism and clinical effects. Oxford: Pergammon Press, 1973:735-738.
31. 9 tetrahydrocannabinol in man. Br J Clin Pharmac 1981;12:705-720.
32. Fabre LF, Mclendon D. The efficacy and safety of nabilone (a synthetic cannabinoid) in the treatment of anxiety. J Pharmacol Sci 1981;21:377S-382S.
33. Ilaria RL, Thornby JI, Fann WE. Nabilone, a cannabinol derivative, in the treatment of anxiety neurosis. Curr Ther Res 1981;29:943-949.
34. Martyn CN, Ellis LS, Thom J. Nabilone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1995;345:579.
35. Notcutt W, Price M, Chapman G. Clinical experience with nabilone for chronic pain. Pharm Sci. 1997;3:551-555.
36. Wade DT, Robson P, House H, Makela P, Aram J. A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms. Clin Rehab 2003;17:18-26.
37. Zajicek J, Fox P, Sanders H et al. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362:1517-1526.
38. Svendson KB, Troels SJ, Fleming WB. Does the cannabinoid dronabinol reduce central pain in multiple sclerosis? Randomized double blind placebo controlled crossover trial Brit Med J 2004;329:253-257.
39. Grinspoon L, Bakalar JE. The use of cannabis as a mood stabiliser in bipolar disorder: anecdotal evidence and the need for clinical research. J Psychoact Drugs 1998;30:171-177.
40. Gruber AJ, Pope AG, Brown ME. Do patients use marijuana as an antidepressant? Depression 1996;4:77-80.
41. D'souza DC, Parry E, Mcdougall L et al. The psychomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinoid in healthy individuals: indications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29:1558-1572.
42. Morrison PD, Zois V, Mckeoun DA et al. The acute effects of synthetic delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol on psychosis, mood and cognitive functioning. Psychol Med 2009;39:1607-1616.
43. Johns A. The psychiatric effects of cannabis. Br J Psychiatry 2001;178:116-122.
44. Ashton CH. Adverse effects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Br J Anaesthesia 1999;83:637-649.
45. Solowij N. Cannabis and cognitive functioning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
46. Guimares FS, Cliaretti TU, Graeff FG, Zuardi AW. Antianxiety effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus maze. Psychopharmacol 1990;100:558-559.
47. Zuardi AW, Guimaraes FS. Cannabidiol as an anxiolytic and antipsychotic. In Mathre ML ed. Cannabis in medical practice. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 1997:133-141.
48. Crippa JA, Zuardi AW, Martin-Santos R et al. Cannabids and anxiety: a critical review of the evidence. Human Psychopharmacol 2009;24:515-523.
49. Monti JM. Hypnotic effects of cannabidiol in the rat. Psychopharmacol (Berl.) 1977;55:263-265.
50. Carlini EA, Cunha JM. Hypnotic and antiepileptic effects of cannabidiol. J Clin Pharmacol 1981;21(8-9 Suppl):417S-427S.
51. Zuardi AW, Guimaraes FS, Moreira AC. Effect of cannabidiol on plasma prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol in human volunteers. Braz J Med Biol Res 1993;26:213-217.
52. Nicholson AN, Turner C, Stone BM, Robson PJ. Effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep and early-morning behavior in young adults. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;24:305-313.
53. Zuardi AW, Rodrigues JA, Cunha JM. Effects of cannabidiol in animal models predictive of antipsychotic activity. Psychopharmacology 1991;104:260-264.
54. Zuardi AW, Morais SL, Guimaraes FS, Mechoulam R. Antipsychotic effect of cannabidiol. J Clin Psychiatry 1995;56:485-486.
55. Long LE, Malone DT, Taylor DA. Cannabidiol reverses MK-801-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition in mice. Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;31:795-803.
56. Leweke FM, Schneider U, Radwan M, Schmidt E, Emrich HM. Different effects of nabilone and cannabidiol on binocular depth inversion in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007;66:175-181.
57. Krystal JH, Karper LP, Seibyl JP et al. Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:199-214.
58. 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on human brain function and psychopathology. Neuropsychopharmacol 2010;35:764-774.
59. Gerth CW, Schultz-Lutter F, Maus C et al. B113: the methyl cannabinoid in the treatment of acute schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2002;53(Suppl):192.
60. Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JE, Moreira FA, Guimaraes FS. Cannabidiol, a cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006;3:421-429.
61. Zuardi AW, Crippa TAS, Hallak JEC et al. Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease. J Psychopharmacology 2009;23:979-983.
62. Consroe P, Sandyk R. Potential role of cannabinoids for therapy of neurological disorders. In Murphy L, Bartke E eds. Marijuana/cannabinoids, neurobiology and neurophysiology. Boca Raton; CRC Press, 1992:495-542.
63. Mason R, Cheer JF. Cannabinoid receptor activation reverses kainate-induced synchronized population burst firing in rat hippocampus. Front Integr Neurosci 2009; 3: 13 (on line doi:).
64. Cunha JM, Carlini EA, Pereira AE et al. Chronic administration of CBD to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients. Pharmacologia 1980;21:175-185.
65. 1A receptors. Neurochem Res 2005;30:1037-1043.
66. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demier O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiat 2005;62:617-627.
67. Sparling PB, Guiffrida A, Piomelli D, Rosskopf L, Dietrich A. Exercise activates the endocannabinoid system. Neuroreport 2003;14:2209-2211.
68. Dietrich A, Mcdaniel WF. Endocannabinoids and exercise. Br J Sports Med 2004;38:536-541.
69. Gardner EL. Cannabinoid interaction with reward systems. In Nahas GG, Sutin KM, Harvey DJ, Agurell S eds. Marihuana and medicine. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999:187-205.
70. Serra G, Fratta W. A possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of depression. Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health 2007;3:25.
71. 1 receptor activity elicits an antidepressant-like response in the rat forced swim test. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005;15:593-599.
72. Hill MN, Ho W-SV, Sinopoli KJ, Viau V, Hillard CJ, Gorzalka BB. Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the ability of long-term tricyclic antidepressant treatment to suppress stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31:5291-5299.
73. Gobbi G, Bambico FR, Mangieri R et al. Antidepressant-like activity and modulation of brain monoaminergic transmission by blockade of anandamide hydrolysis. PNAS 2005;102:18620-18625.
74. Hill MN, Gorzalka BB. Is there a role for the endocannabinoid system in the etiology and treatment of melancholic depression? Behavioural Pharmacology 2005;16:333-352.
75. Moreira FA, Crippa JA. The psychiatric side-effects of rimonabant. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2009;31:145-153.
76. Ilan AB, Gevins A, Coleman M, Elsohly MA, Dewit H. Neurophysiological and subjective profile of marihuana with varying concentrations of cannabinoids. Behav Pharmacol 2005;16:487-496.
77. Dimeo F, Bauer M, Varahram I, Proest G, Halter U. Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot study. Br J Sports Med 2001;35:114-117.
78. Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, Kampert JB, Clark CG, Chambliss HO. Exercise treatment for depression. Efficacy and dose response. Am J Prev Med 2005;28:1-8.
79. Miller GE, Hill MN, Ho WS, Hillard CJ. Bidirectional alterations in serum endocannabinoids in minor and major depression. Program No. 107.3, 2005 (Abstract) Viewer/Itinerary Planner, Washington DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2005.
80. 1 cannabinoid receptor in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. J Neurol Transm. 2007;114:1055-1068.
81. Craig KD. Emotional aspects of pain. In Wall PD, Melzack R eds. Textbook of pain. New York, NY, USA: Churchill Livingstone, 1989:220-230.
82. Beutler LE, Engle D, Oro-Beutler ME, Daldrup R, Meredith K. Inability to express intense affect: a common link between depression and pain. J Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1986;54:752-759.
83. Pertwee RG. Cannabinoid receptors and pain. Prog Neurobiol 2001;63:569-611.
84. Walker JM, Huang SM, Strangman NM, Tsou K, Sanudo-Pena MC. Pain modulation by release of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. Proc Nat Acad Sci 1999;96:12198-12203.
85. 1 ion channel. In Kofalvi A ed. Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer Science & Business Medicine LLC, 2008: 101-130.
86. Russo E. Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008;4:243-259.
87. Guindon J, Hohmann A. The endocannabinoid system and pain. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2009;8:403-421.
88. Wade DT, Makela P, Robson P, House H, Bateman C. Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients Mult Scler 2004;10:434-441.
89. Hamann W, Divardi PP. Analgesic effect of the cannabinoid analogue nabilone is not mediated by opioid receptors. Lancet 1999;353:560.
90. 1 receptor is involved in the anxiolytic, sedative and amnesic actions of benzodiazepines. J Psychopharmacol. 2010;24:757-765.
91. Marsciano G, Wotjak CT, Azad SC et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories. Nature 2002;418:530-534.
92. Azad SC, Monory K, Marsicano G et al. Circuitry for associative plasticity in the amygdala involves endocannabinoid signalling. J Neurosci 2004;24:9953-9961.
93. Golding JF. Cannabis. IN Smith A, Jones D eds. Handbook of human performance. Health and performance fol. 2. New York: Academic Press, 1992: 175.
94. Goodwin KF, Jamison KR. Manic-depressive Illness: bipolar disorder and recurrent depression, 2nd Edn. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
95. Köfalvi A, Fritzsche M. The endocannabinoid system is a major player in schizophrenia. In Kofalvi A ed. Cannabinoids and the brain. Coimbra, Portugal: Springer Science + Business Media LLC, 2008: 485-528.
96. Vinod KY, Hungund BL. Role of the endocannabinoid system in depression and suicide. TIPS 2006;27:539-545.
97. Vinod K, Arangoi V, Xie S, Mann J, Cooper T, Hungund B. Elevated levels of endocannabinoids and CB1 receptor-mediated G-protein signalling in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholic suicide victims. Biol Psychiatry 2009;57:480-486.
98. 1 receptor immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex: comparison of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharnmacol 2010;35:2060-2071.
99. Leweke FM, Giufridda A, Wurster V, Emrich HM, Piomelli D. Elevated endogenous cannabinoids in schizophrenia. Neuro report 1999;10:1655-1669.
100. Ujike H, Takaki M, Nakata K et al. CNRI, central cannabinoid receptor gene, associated with susceptibility to hebephrenic schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2002;7:515-518.
101. Arsenault L, Cannon M, Poulton R, Munay M, Caspi A, Moffitt ME. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study. Brit Med J 2002;325:1212-1213.
102. Mcgee R, Williams S, Poulton R, Moffitt T. A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood. Addiction 2000;95:491-503.
103. Leweke F, Koethe D, Gerth CW et al. Double-blind controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol monotherapy versus amisulpiride in the treatment of acutely psychotic schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull 2007;33:310.
104. Zuardi AW, Crippa JAS, Dursun SM et al. Cannabidiol was ineffective for manic episode of bipolar affective disorder. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2010;24:135-137.
105. Abrams R, Taylor MA. Differential EEG patterns in affective disorder and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:1355-1358.
106. El-Badri SM, Ashton CH, Moore PB, Marsh VR, Ferrier IN. Electrophysiological and cognitive function in young euthymic patients with bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar Disorders 2001;3:79-87.
107. Moore PB, Shepherd DJ, Ferrier IN, Eccleston D, Ashton H, Macmillan IA. The biological contribution to the aetiology of treatment-resistant bipolar affective disorder. J Psychopharmacol 1995;9(Suppl):15.
108. Cole AJ, Scott J, Ferrier IN, Eccleston D. Patterns of treatment resistance in bipolar affective disorder. Acta Psychiat Scand 1993;88:121-123.
109. Post RM, Putnam F, Contel MR, Goldman B. Electroconvulsive seizures inhibit amygdala kindling: implications for mechanisms of action in affective illness. Epilepsia 1984;25:234-239.
110. Post RM, Rubinow DR, Ballenger JC. Conditioning and sensitisation in the longitudinal course of affective illness. Br J Psychiatry 1986;149:191-201.
111. Porter R, Ferrier N, Ashton H. Anticonvulsants as mood stabilisers. Adv Psych Treat 1999;5:96-103.
112. Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME Neurophysiological and Psychophysiological approaches to schizophrenia. In Bloom FE, Kupfer J eds. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. New York, NY, USA: Raven Press, 1995: 1235-1244.
113. Itil B, Turan M. Qualitative and quantitative EEG findings in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1977;3:61-79.
114. Shagass C. EEG studies of schizophrenia. In Steinhauer SR, Gruzeller JH, Zubin J eds. Neuropsychology, psychophysiology and information processing. Handbook of Schizophrenia vol. 5. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991:39-60.