메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 4-13

Insidious trauma: Examining the relationship between heterosexism and Lesbians' PTSD symptoms

Author keywords

hate crime; heterosexist events; trauma

Indexed keywords


EID: 80052750770     PISSN: 15347656     EISSN: 10859373     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1534765609358464     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, 4th ed., Washington, DC: Author
    • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 2
    • 0141752827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and other organizational change for psychologists
    • American Psychological Association
    • American Psychological Association. (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and other organizational change for psychologists. American Psychologist, 58, 377-402.
    • (2003) American Psychologist , vol.58 , pp. 377-402
  • 3
    • 38149073091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for psychological practice with girls and women
    • American Psychological Association
    • American Psychological Association. (2007). Guidelines for psychological practice with girls and women. American Psychologist, 62, 949-979.
    • (2007) American Psychologist , vol.62 , pp. 949-979
  • 4
    • 85009636897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic victimization in the lives of lesbian and bisexual women: A contextual approach
    • Balsam, K. F. (2003). Traumatic victimization in the lives of lesbian and bisexual women: A contextual approach. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7, 1-14.
    • (2003) Journal of Lesbian Studies , vol.7 , pp. 1-14
    • Balsam, K.F.1
  • 5
    • 21244457651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Victimization over the lifespan: A comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings
    • Balsam, K. F., Rothblum, E. D., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2005). Victimization over the lifespan: A comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 477-487.
    • (2005) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 477-487
    • Balsam, K.F.1    Rothblum, E.D.2    Beauchaine, T.P.3
  • 7
    • 62649091154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTSD symptoms in response to traumatic and non-traumatic events: The role of respondent perception and A2 criterion
    • Boals, A., & Schuettler, D. (2009). PTSD symptoms in response to traumatic and non-traumatic events: The role of respondent perception and A2 criterion. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 458-462.
    • (2009) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.23 , pp. 458-462
    • Boals, A.1    Schuettler, D.2
  • 8
    • 0006129793 scopus 로고
    • Feminist therapy with lesbians and gay men
    • In M. A. Dutton-Douglas & L. E. A. Walker (Eds.), Norwood, NJ: Ablex
    • Brown, L. S. (1988). Feminist therapy with lesbians and gay men. In M. A. Dutton-Douglas & L. E. A. Walker (Eds.), Feminist psychotherapies: Integration of therapeutic and feminist systems (pp. 206-227). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    • (1988) Feminist Psychotherapies: Integration of Therapeutic and Feminist Systems , pp. 206-227
    • Brown, L.S.1
  • 11
    • 0042352685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the Internet for psychological research: Personality testing on the World Wide Web
    • Buchanan, T., & Smith, J. L. (1999). Using the Internet for psychological research: Personality testing on the World Wide Web. British Journal of Psychology, 90, 125-144.
    • (1999) British Journal of Psychology , vol.90 , pp. 125-144
    • Buchanan, T.1    Smith, J.L.2
  • 12
    • 33845693977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism and psychological and emotional injury: Recognizing and assessing race-based traumatic stress
    • Carter, R. T. (2006). Racism and psychological and emotional injury: Recognizing and assessing race-based traumatic stress. The Counseling Psychologist, 35, 13-105.
    • (2006) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.35 , pp. 13-105
    • Carter, R.T.1
  • 14
    • 3042856526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived discrimination and psychological distress: The role of personal and ethnic self-esteem
    • Cassidy, C., Howe, C., O'Connor, R. C., & Warden, D. (2004). Perceived discrimination and psychological distress: The role of personal and ethnic self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 329-339.
    • (2004) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 329-339
    • Cassidy, C.1    Howe, C.2    O'Connor, R.C.3    Warden, D.4
  • 15
    • 0033210179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism as stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model
    • Clark, R., Anderson, N. B., Clark, V. R., & Williams, D. R. (1999). Racism as stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. American Psychologist, 54, 805-816.
    • (1999) American Psychologist , vol.54 , pp. 805-816
    • Clark, R.1    Anderson, N.B.2    Clark, V.R.3    Williams, D.R.4
  • 16
    • 0035524005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging issues in research on lesbians' and gay men's mental health: Does sexual orientation really matter?
    • Cochran, S. D. (2001). Emerging issues in research on lesbians' and gay men's mental health: Does sexual orientation really matter? American Psychologist, 56, 931-947.
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , pp. 931-947
    • Cochran, S.D.1
  • 17
    • 0036837614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reports of parental maltreatment during childhood in a United States population-based survey of homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual adults
    • Corliss, H. L., Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2002). Reports of parental maltreatment during childhood in a United States population-based survey of homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 1165-1178.
    • (2002) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.26 , pp. 1165-1178
    • Corliss, H.L.1    Cochran, S.D.2    Mays, V.M.3
  • 18
    • 0036146149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-esteem as a moderator between perceived discrimination and psychological distress among women.
    • Corning, A. F. (2002). Self-esteem as a moderator between perceived discrimination and psychological distress among women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 117-126.
    • (2002) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 117-126
    • Corning, A.F.1
  • 19
    • 33745327283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parents'awareness of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths' sexual orientation
    • D'Augelli, A. R., Grossman, A. H., & Starks, M. T. (2006). Parents'awareness of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths' sexual orientation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 474-482.
    • (2006) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.67 , pp. 474-482
    • D'Augelli, A.R.1    Grossman, A.H.2    Starks, M.T.3
  • 20
    • 85009589333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental health impact of child sexual abuse, rape, intimate partner violence, and hate crimes in the National Lesbian Health Care Survey
    • Descamps, M. J., Rothblum, E., Bradford, J., & Ryan, C. (2000). Mental health impact of child sexual abuse, rape, intimate partner violence, and hate crimes in the National Lesbian Health Care Survey. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 11, 27-55.
    • (2000) Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services , vol.11 , pp. 27-55
    • Descamps, M.J.1    Rothblum, E.2    Bradford, J.3    Ryan, C.4
  • 21
    • 34548838547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived discrimination and women's psychological distress: The roles of collective and personal self-esteem
    • Fischer, A. R., & Bolton Holz, K. B. (2007). Perceived discrimination and women's psychological distress: The roles of collective and personal self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 154-164.
    • (2007) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 154-164
    • Fischer, A.R.1    Bolton Holz, K.B.2
  • 22
    • 0032851859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American's mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem
    • Fischer, A. R., & Shaw, C. M. (1999). African American's mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 395-407.
    • (1999) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 395-407
    • Fischer, A.R.1    Shaw, C.M.2
  • 23
    • 0842346778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research
    • Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 115-134.
    • (2004) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 115-134
    • Frazier, P.A.1    Tix, A.P.2    Barron, K.E.3
  • 24
    • 0034987033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Comorbidity Survey
    • Gilman, S. E., Cochran, S. D., Mays, V. M., Hughes, M., Ostrow, D., & Kessler, R. C. (2001). Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 933-939.
    • (2001) American Journal of Public Health , vol.91 , pp. 933-939
    • Gilman, S.E.1    Cochran, S.D.2    Mays, V.M.3    Hughes, M.4    Ostrow, D.5    Kessler, R.C.6
  • 26
    • 57049149176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hate crimes and stigma-related experiences among sexual minority adults in the United States: Prevalence estimates from a national probability sample
    • Herek, G. M. (2009). Hate crimes and stigma-related experiences among sexual minority adults in the United States: Prevalence estimates from a national probability sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 54-74.
    • (2009) Journal of Interpersonal Violence , vol.24 , pp. 54-74
    • Herek, G.M.1
  • 27
    • 0032698513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological sequelae of hate crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults
    • Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (1999). Psychological sequelae of hate crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 945-951.
    • (1999) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 945-951
    • Herek, G.M.1    Gillis, J.R.2    Cogan, J.C.3
  • 28
    • 0035226726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual assault and alcohol abuse: A comparison of lesbians and heterosexual women
    • Hughes, T. L., Johnson, T., & Wilsnack, S. C. (2001). Sexual assault and alcohol abuse: A comparison of lesbians and heterosexual women. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 515-532.
    • (2001) Journal of Substance Abuse , vol.13 , pp. 515-532
    • Hughes, T.L.1    Johnson, T.2    Wilsnack, S.C.3
  • 30
    • 49849086217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic rates and symptom severity between Criterion A1 and non-Criterion A1 stressors
    • Long, M. E., Elhai, J. D., Schweinle, A., Gray, M. J., Grubaugh, A. L., & Frueh, B. C. (2008). Differences in posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic rates and symptom severity between Criterion A1 and non-Criterion A1 stressors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 1255-1263.
    • (2008) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.22 , pp. 1255-1263
    • Long, M.E.1    Elhai, J.D.2    Schweinle, A.3    Gray, M.J.4    Grubaugh, A.L.5    Frueh, B.C.6
  • 32
    • 0031991045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children
    • Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53, 205-220.
    • (1998) American Psychologist , vol.53 , pp. 205-220
    • Masten, A.S.1    Coatsworth, J.D.2
  • 33
    • 0034765692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States
    • Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1869-1876.
    • (2001) American Journal of Public Health , vol.91 , pp. 1869-1876
    • Mays, V.M.1    Cochran, S.D.2
  • 34
    • 0029266605 scopus 로고
    • Minority stress and mental health in gay men
    • Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 38-56.
    • (1995) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.36 , pp. 38-56
    • Meyer, I.H.1
  • 35
    • 0141429999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence
    • Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674-697.
    • (2003) Psychological Bulletin , vol.129 , pp. 674-697
    • Meyer, I.H.1
  • 36
    • 0001772184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for internet research: An update
    • Michalak, E. E., & Szabo, A. (1998). Guidelines for internet research: An update. European Psychologist, 3, 70-75.
    • (1998) European Psychologist , vol.3 , pp. 70-75
    • Michalak, E.E.1    Szabo, A.2
  • 38
    • 4744347680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arab American persons' reported experiences of discrimination and mental health: The mediating role of personal control
    • Moradi, B., & Hasan, N. T. (2004). Arab American persons' reported experiences of discrimination and mental health: The mediating role of personal control. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 418-428.
    • (2004) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 418-428
    • Moradi, B.1    Hasan, N.T.2
  • 39
    • 0002333018 scopus 로고
    • Healing from cultural victimization: Recovery from shame due to heterosexism
    • Neisen, J. H. (1993). Healing from cultural victimization: Recovery from shame due to heterosexism. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 2, 49-63.
    • (1993) Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy , vol.2 , pp. 49-63
    • Neisen, J.H.1
  • 40
    • 0026695924 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of trauma: Frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups
    • Norris, F. H. (1992). Epidemiology of trauma: Frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 60, 409-418.
    • (1992) Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 409-418
    • Norris, F.H.1
  • 41
    • 0141467543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of sex differences in PTSD across developmental, societal, and research contexts
    • In R. Kimerling, P. Ouimette, & J. Wolfe (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Norris, F. H., Foster, J. D., & Weisshaar, D. L. (2002). The epidemiology of sex differences in PTSD across developmental, societal, and research contexts. In R. Kimerling, P. Ouimette, & J. Wolfe (Eds.), Gender and PTSD (pp. 3-42). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2002) Gender and PTSD , pp. 3-42
    • Norris, F.H.1    Foster, J.D.2    Weisshaar, D.L.3
  • 42
    • 0029984507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of victimization and its effect on mental well-being among lesbian and gay people
    • Otis, M. D., & Skinner, W. F. (1996). The prevalence of victimization and its effect on mental well-being among lesbian and gay people. Journal of Homosexuality, 30, 93-122.
    • (1996) Journal of Homosexuality , vol.30 , pp. 93-122
    • Otis, M.D.1    Skinner, W.F.2
  • 43
    • 0003168050 scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing the impact of trauma on personality
    • In L. S. Brown & M. Ballou (Eds.), New York: Guilford
    • Root, M. P. (1992). Reconstructing the impact of trauma on personality. In L. S. Brown & M. Ballou (Eds.), Personality and psychopathology: Feminist reappraisals (pp. 229-265). New York: Guilford.
    • (1992) Personality and Psychopathology: Feminist Reappraisals , pp. 229-265
    • Root, M.P.1
  • 45
    • 21244483033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brothers and sisters of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals as a demographic comparison group: An innovative research methodology to examine social change
    • Rothblum, E. D., Balsam, K. F., & Mickey, R. M. (2004). Brothers and sisters of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals as a demographic comparison group: An innovative research methodology to examine social change. Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 40, 283-301
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences , vol.40 , pp. 283-301
    • Rothblum, E.D.1    Balsam, K.F.2    Mickey, R.M.3
  • 46
    • 0042702693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism: Emotional abusiveness and psychological trauma for ethnic minorities
    • Sanchez-Hucles, J. V. (1998). Racism: Emotional abusiveness and psychological trauma for ethnic minorities. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 1, 69-87.
    • (1998) Journal of Emotional Abuse , vol.1 , pp. 69-87
    • Sanchez-Hucles, J.V.1
  • 47
    • 0000728405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World-Wide Web survey research: Benefits, potential problems, and solutions
    • Schmidt, W. C. (1997). World-Wide Web survey research: Benefits, potential problems, and solutions. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 2, 274-279.
    • (1997) Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers , vol.2 , pp. 274-279
    • Schmidt, W.C.1
  • 48
    • 22944460751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterosexism and sexism as correlates of psychological distress in lesbians
    • Szymanski, D. M. (2005). Heterosexism and sexism as correlates of psychological distress in lesbians. Journal of Counseling & Development, 83, 355-360.
    • (2005) Journal of Counseling & Development , vol.83 , pp. 355-360
    • Szymanski, D.M.1
  • 49
    • 33746383973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does internalized heterosexism moderate the link between heterosexist events and lesbians' psychological distress?
    • Szymanski, D. M. (2006). Does internalized heterosexism moderate the link between heterosexist events and lesbians' psychological distress? Sex Roles, 54, 227-234.
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.54 , pp. 227-234
    • Szymanski, D.M.1
  • 50
    • 60849106645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining potential moderators of the link between heterosexist events and gay and bisexual men's psychological distress
    • Szymanski, D. M. (2009). Examining potential moderators of the link between heterosexist events and gay and bisexual men's psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 142-151.
    • (2009) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 142-151
    • Szymanski, D.M.1
  • 51
    • 47249158612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediators of the relationship between internalized oppressions and lesbian and bisexual women's psychological distress
    • Szymanski, D. M., & Kashubeck-West, S. (2008). Mediators of the relationship between internalized oppressions and lesbian and bisexual women's psychological distress. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 575-594.
    • (2008) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.36 , pp. 575-594
    • Szymanski, D.M.1    Kashubeck-West, S.2
  • 52
    • 47249144805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internalized heterosexism: Measurement, psychosocial correlates, and research directions
    • Szymanski, D. M., Kashubeck-West, S., & Meyer, J. (2008). Internalized heterosexism: Measurement, psychosocial correlates, and research directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 525-574.
    • (2008) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.36 , pp. 525-574
    • Szymanski, D.M.1    Kashubeck-West, S.2    Meyer, J.3
  • 53
    • 60849086062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism and heterosexism as correlates of psychological distress in African American sexual minority women
    • Szymanski, D. M., & Meyer, D. (2008). Racism and heterosexism as correlates of psychological distress in African American sexual minority women. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 2, 94-108.
    • (2008) Journal of LGBT Issues In Counseling , vol.2 , pp. 94-108
    • Szymanski, D.M.1    Meyer, D.2
  • 54
    • 0033495718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing violence over the life span in samples of same-sex and opposite-sex cohabitants
    • Tjaden, P., Thoeness, N., & Allison, C. J. (1999). Comparing violence over the life span in samples of same-sex and opposite-sex cohabitants. Violence and Victims, 14, 413-425.
    • (1999) Violence and Victims , vol.14 , pp. 413-425
    • Tjaden, P.1    Thoeness, N.2    Allison, C.J.3
  • 55
    • 0032036734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedents and consequences of victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual young people: A structural model comparing rural university and urban samples
    • Waldo, C. R., Hesson-McInnis, M. S., & D'Augelli, A. R. (1998). Antecedents and consequences of victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual young people: A structural model comparing rural university and urban samples. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26, 307-333.
    • (1998) American Journal of Community Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 307-333
    • Waldo, C.R.1    Hesson-McInnis, M.S.2    D'Augelli, A.R.3
  • 56
    • 34248154705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Criterion A problem revisited: Controversies and challenges in defining and measuring psychological trauma
    • Weathers, F. W., & Keane, T. M. (2007). The Criterion A problem revisited: Controversies and challenges in defining and measuring psychological trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 107-121.
    • (2007) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.20 , pp. 107-121
    • Weathers, F.W.1    Keane, T.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.