Poverty, global health, and infectious disease: Lessons from Haiti and Rwanda

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 611-622

  Alsan, Marcella M ^a   Westerhaus, Michael ^a   Herce, Michael ^a,b   Nakashima, Koji ^a,c   Farmer, Paul E ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b Partners In Health   (Malawi)

^c Zanmi Lasante Partners In Health   (Haïti)

Author keywords

Global health; HIV AIDS; Infectious disease; Malaria and inequality; Poverty

Indexed keywords

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; HAITI; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; INFECTION SENSITIVITY; INVESTMENT; POVERTY; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; RWANDA; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION;

BIRTH RATE; CHILD MORTALITY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HAITI; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; POVERTY; RWANDA; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 80052405670     PISSN: 08915520     EISSN: 15579824     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2011.05.004     Document Type: Review

References (33)

1. Farmer P. AIDS and accusation: Haiti and the geography of blame 2006, University of California Press, Berkley (CA).
2. Sen A. Development as freedom 1999, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
3. United Nations. United Nations millennium development goals. Available at: Accessed December 12, 2010. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml.
4. Brown T.M., Fee E. Rudolf Carl Virchow: medical scientist, social reformer, role model. Am J Public Health 2006, 96:2104-2105.
5. Update outbreak of cholera-Haiti 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010, 59(48):1586-1590. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Available at:, Published December 8, 2010. Updated December 10, 2010. Accessed December 12, 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5948a4.htm%3fs_cid%3dmm5948a4_w.
6. Von Tunzelmann A. Haiti: the land where children eat mud 2009, Available at:, The Sunday Times, Accessed December 12, 2010. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6281614.ece.
7. Human Development Report 2010: the real wealth of nations - pathways to development 2010, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Programme, New York.
8. World Bank. Haiti at a glance 2005. Available at: Accessed December 12, 2010. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHAITI/Resources/Haiti.AAG.pdf.
9. Varma M.K., Satterthwaite M.L., Klasing A.M., et al. Woch nan Soley: the denial of the right to water in Haiti. Health Hum Rights 2008, 10:67-89.
10. World development indicators [database online] 2010, World Bank, World Bank, Washington, DC, Available at:, Accessed December 12, 2010. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators/wdi-2010.
11. Beaubien J. Cholera cases spur containment efforts in Haiti. NPR.org. Available at: Published November 9, 2010. Accessed December 12, 2010. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php%3fstoryid%3d131181559.
12. Chin C.S., Sorenson J., Harris J.B., et al. The origin of the Haitian cholera outbreak strain. N Engl J Med 2011, 364:33-42.
13. Laboratory test results of cholera outbreak strain in Haiti announced [news release] 2010, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (GA), Available at:, Accessed February 13, 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2010/r101101.html.
14. Katz J. Haiti cholera riots lessen, 3rd protester killed. Washington Times. Available at: Published November 17, 2010. Accessed February 25, 2011. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/nov/17/haiti-cholera-riots-lessen-3rd-protester-killed/.
15. Llorente E. More cholera cases reported in the Dominican Republic. Fox News Latino. Available at: Published December 11, 2010. Accessed December 12, 2010. http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/health/2010/12/11/cholera-cases-reported-dominican-republic/.
16. McNeil D.G. WHO now sees cholera vaccine as viable 2010, A18. Available at:, New York Times, Accessed December 12, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/11/world/americas/11cholera.html.
17. Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: first WHO report on neglected tropical diseases 2010, World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland).
18. Farmer P. Partner to the poor 2010, University of California Press, Berkeley (CA).
19. Gourevitch P. We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: stories from Rwanda 1998, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.
20. Uvin P. Aiding violence: the development enterprise in Rwanda 1998, Kumarian Press, West Hartford (CT).
21. Landmine monitor report 1999, International Campaign to Band Landmines, Human Rights Watch, New York.
22. Mills E.J., Singh S., Nelson B., et al. The impact of conflict on HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J STD AIDS 2006, 17:713-717.
23. Willis B.M., Levy B.S. Recognizing the public health impact of genocide. JAMA 2000, 284:612-613.
24. Ghobarah H.A., Huth P., Russett B. Civil wars kill and maim people-long after the shooting stops. Am Polit Sci Rev 2003, 97:189-202.
25. Commission on macroeconomics and health macroeconomics and health: investing in health for economic development 2001, World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland).
26. Paul AM. Excerpt from origins: how the first nine months shape the rest of your life. Time Magazine. Available at: Published September 22, 2010. Accessed December 12, 2010. http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2020815,00.html.
27. Almond D. Is the 1918 influenza pandemic over? Long term effect of in utero influenza exposure in the post-1940 U.S. population. J Polit Econ 2006, 114:672-712.
28. Miguel E., Kremer M. Worms: identifying impacts on education and health in the presence of treatment externalities. Econometrica 2004, 72:159-217.
29. Barro R., Sai-i-Martin X. Economic growth 2003, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA). 2nd edition.
30. Frederick S., Loewenstein G., O'Donoghue T. Time discounting and time preference: a critical review. J Econ Lit 2002, 40:351-401.
31. Lawrance E. Poverty and the rate of time preference: evidence from panel data. J Polit Econ 1991, 99:54-77.
32. Jayachandra S., Lleras-Muney L. Life expectancy and human capital investments: evidence from maternal mortality declines. Q J Econ 2009, 124:349-397.
33. Shin S., Furin J., Bayona J., et al. Community-based treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Lima, Peru: seven years of experience. Soc Sci Med 2004, 59:1529-1539.