Sources of carbon monoxide and formaldehyde in North America determined from high-resolution atmospheric data

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 8, Issue 24, 2008, Pages 7673-7696

  Miller, S M ^a   Matross, D M ^b   Andrews, A E ^c   Millet, D B ^d   Longo, M ^a   Gottlieb, E W ^a   Hirsch, A I ^c   Gerbig, C ^e   Lin, J C ^f   Daube, B C ^a   Hudman, R C ^a   Dias, P L S ^g   Chow, V Y ^a   Wofsy, S C ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^e MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^f UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^g National Laboratory of Scientific Computing   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052279307     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-7673-2008     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Abott, D. S., Palmer, P. I., Martin, R. V., et al.: Seasonal and interannual variability of North American isoprene emissions as determined by formaldehyde column measurements from space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(17), 1886-1889, 2003.
2. Arellano, A. F. and Hess, P. G.: Sensitivity of top-down estimates of CO sources to GCTM transport, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(21), L21807, doi:10.1029/2006GL027371, 2006. (Pubitemid 46747163)
3. Bakwin, P. S., Tans, P. P., Hurst, D. F., and Zhao, C. L.: Measurements of carbon dioxide on very tall towers: results from the NOAA/CMDL program, Tellus B, 50(5), 401-415, 1998. (Pubitemid 29223831)
4. Benkovitz, C. M., Scholtz, M. T., Pacyna, J., et al.: Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D22), 29239-29253, 1996.
5. Chang, K. H., Chen, T. F., and Huang, H. C.: Estimation of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in subtropical island - Taiwan, Sci. Total Environ., 346, 184-199, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2004.11.022, 2005.
6. Crawford, J. H., Heald, C. L., Fuelberg, H. E., et al.: Relationship between measurements of pollution in the troposphere and in situ observations of CO based on a large-scale feature sampled during TRACE-P, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15S04, doi:10.1029/2003JD004308, 2004. (Pubitemid 39408317)
7. Cotton, W. R., Pielke, R. A., Walko, R. L., et al.: RAMS 2001: Current status and future directions, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 82, 5-29, 2003. (Pubitemid 37450343)
8. Daniel, J. S. and Solomon, S.: On the climate forcing of carbon monoxide, J. Geosphys. Res., 103(D11), 13249-13260, 1998. (Pubitemid 28469507)
9. Duncan, B. N., Martin, R. V., Staudt, A. C., et al.: Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.
10. Duncan, B. N., Logan, J. A., Bey, I., et al.: The global budget of CO, 1988-1997: Source estimates and validation with a global model, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22301, doi:10.1029/2007JD008459, 2007.
11. Ebel, A., Friedrich, R., and Rodhe, H. (Eds.): Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere Vol 7: Tropospheric Modeling and Emission Estimation, Springer-Verlang, New York, 1997.
12. Edwards, D. P., Emmons, L. K., Hauglustaine, D. A., et al.: Observations of carbon monoxide and aerosols from the Terra satellite: Northern Hemisphere variability, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24202, doi:10.1029/2004JD004727, 2004. (Pubitemid 40335202)
13. Fernandes, S. D., Trautmann, N. M., Streets, D. G., et al: Global biofuel use, 1850-2000, Global. Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB2019, doi:10.1029/2006GB002836, 2007. (Pubitemid 47323968)
14. Forster, C., Wandinger, U., Wotawa, G., et al.: Transport of boreal forest fire emissions from Canada to Europe, J. Geophys. R., 106(D19), 22887-22906, 2001.
15. Frost, G. and McKeen, S. A.: Emissions inventory mapviewer, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO, http://map. ngdc.noaa.gov/website/al/emissions/viewer.htm, 2007.
16. Goldstein, A. and Galbally, I.: Known and unexplored organic constituents in the earth's atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41(5), 1514-1521, 2007. (Pubitemid 46362448)
17. Gerbig, C., Lin, J. C., Wofsy, S. C., et al.: Toward constraining regional-scal fluxes of CO2 with atmospheric observations over a continent: 2. Analysis of COBRA data using a receptor oriented framework, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 4757, doi:10.1029/2003JD003770, 2003.
18. Granier, C., Gabrielle, P., Müller, J., Brasseur, G., et al.: The impact of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons on the tropospheric budget of carbon monoxide, Atmos. Environ., 34, 5255-5270, 2000.
19. Grell, G. A. and Devenyi, D.: A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(14), 1693, doi:10.1029/2002GL015311, 2002.
20. Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., Erickson, D., et al.: A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D5), 8873-8892, 1995. (Pubitemid 26439580)
21. Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181-3210, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/3181/2006/. (Pubitemid 44197400)
22. Hanna, S.: Applications in air pollution modeling, in: Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modeling, edited by: Nieuwstadt, F. T. M. and van Dop, H., D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., chapter 7, 275-310, 1982.
23. Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. L., Palmer, P. I., et al.: Biomass burning emission inventory with daily resolution: Application to aircraft observations of Asian outflow, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 8811, doi:10.1029/2002JD003082, 2003.
24. Heikes, B., Snow, J., Egli, P., et al.: Formaldehyde over the central Pacific during PEM-Tropics B, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D23), 717-732, 2001.
25. Holloway, T., Levy, H., and Kasibhatla, P.: Global distribution of carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D10), 12123-12147, 2000.
26. Hudman, R. C., Murray, L. T., Jacob, D. J., et al.: Biogenic vs. anthropogenic sources of CO over the United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(4), L04801, doi:10.1029/2007GL032393, 2008. (Pubitemid 351721434)
27. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Climate change 2001: The science of climate change, Third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Hougton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., et al., Cambridge University Press, New York, 2001.
28. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Climate change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., et al., Cambridge University Press, NewYork, 2007.
29. Ito, A. and Penner, J. E.: Global estimates of biomass burning emissions based on satellite imagery for the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14S05, doi:10.1029/2003JD004423, 2004. (Pubitemid 39364482)
30. Kasibhatla, P., Arellano, A., and Logan, J.: Top-down estimate of a large source of atmospheric carbon monoxide associated with fuel combustion in Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(19), 1900-1903, 2002.
31. Kort, E. A., Eluszkiewicz, J., Stephens, B. B., et al.: Emissions of CH4 and N2O over the United States and Canada based on a receptor-oriented modeling framework and COBRA-NA atmospheric observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(18), L18808, doi:10.1029/2008GL034031, 2008.
32. Lin, J. C., Gerbig, C., Wofsy, S. C., et al.: A near-field tool for simulating the upstream influence of atmospheric observations: The Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D16), 4493, doi:10.1029/2002JD003161, 2003.
33. Lin, J. C., Gerbig, C., Wofsy, S. C., et al.: What have we learned from intensive atmospheric sampling field programmes of CO2?, Tellus B, 58(5), 331-343, 2006. (Pubitemid 44575812)
34. Liu, Y.: Variability of wildland fire emissions across the contiguous United States, Atmos. Environ., 38, 3489-3499, 2004. (Pubitemid 38648818)
35. Logan, J. A., Prather, M. J., Wofsy, S. C., and McElroy, M. B.: Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7210-7255, 1981.
36. 2 and HCHO using regional data from aircraft campaigns in the southeastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24307, doi:10.1029/2004JD004869, 2004. (Pubitemid 40335222)
37. Martinez, M., Harder, H., Kovacs, T. A., et al.: OH and HO2 concentrations, sources, and loss rates during the Southern Oxidants Study in Nashville, Tennessee, summer 1999, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 4617, doi:10.1029/2003JD003551, 2003.
38. Matross, D.: Regional scale land-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange: data design and inversion within a receptor, Ph. D. thesis, Harvard University, 2006.
39. Matross, D. M., Andrews, A., Pathmathevan, M., et al.: Estimating regional carbon exchange in New England and Quebec by combining atmospheric, ground-based and satellite data, Tellus B, 58, 344-358, 2006. (Pubitemid 44590995)
40. Medvigy, D., Moorcroft, P. R., Avissar, R., and Walko, R. L.: Mass conservation and atmospheric dynamics in the regional atmospheric modeling system (RAMS), Environ. Fluid. Mech. 5, 109-134, 2005. (Pubitemid 43140751)
41. Meszaros, T., Haszpra, L., and Gelencser, A.: The assessment of the seasonal contribution of the anthropogenic sources to the carbon monoxide budget in Europe, Atmos. Env., 38, 4147-4154, 2004. (Pubitemid 38844706)
42. Meszaros, T., Haszpra, L., Gelencser, A.: Tracking changes in carbon monoxide budget over Europe between 1995 and 2000, Atmos. Environ., 39, 2005, 7297-7306.
43. Millet, D. B., Goldstein, A. H., Allan, J. D., et al.: Volatile organic compound measurements at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2: Analysis of sources, atmospheric composition, and aerosol residence times, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S16, doi:10.1029/2003JD004026, 2004. (Pubitemid 40318588)
44. Millet, D. B., Jacob, D. J., Turquety, S., et al.: Formaldehyde distribution over North America: Implications for satellite retrievals of formaldehyde columns and isoprene emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24S02, doi:10.1029/2005JD006853, 2006. (Pubitemid 47260805)
45. Millet, D. B., Jacob, D. J., Boersma, K. F., et al.: Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor, J. Geophys. Res., 113(D2), D02307, doi:10.1029/2007JD008950, 2008.
46. Moody, J. L., Munger, J. W., Goldstein, A. H., Jacob, D. J., and Wofsy, S. C.: Harvard Forest regional scale air mass composition by Patterns in Atmospheric Transport History (PATH), J. Geophys. Res., 103(D11), 13181-13194, 1998. (Pubitemid 28469503)
47. Müller, J.-F. and Stavrakou, T.: Inversion of CO and NOx emissions using the adjoint of the IMAGES model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1157-1186, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1157/2005/. (Pubitemid 40899877)
48. Olivier, J. G. J. and Berdowski, J. J. M.: Global emissions sources and sinks, in: The Climate System, edite by: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R., and Heijj, B. J., Balkemea/Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands, 33-78, 2001.
49. Olivier, J. G. J., Van Aardenne, J. A., Dentener, F., et al.: Recent trends in global greenhouse gas emissions: regional trends and spatial distribution of key sources, in: Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases (NCGG-4), edited by: van Ambstel, A., Millpress, Rotterdam, 325-330, 2005.
50. Palmer, P. I., Jacob, D. J., Fiore, A. M., and Martin, R. V.: Mapping isoprene emissions over North America using formaldehyde column observations from space, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D6), 4180, doi:10.1029/2002JD002153, 2003.
51. Palmer, P. I., Abott, D. S., Fu, T. M., Jacob, D. J., et al.: Quantifying the seasonal and interannual variability of North American isoprene emissions using satellite observations of the formaldehyde column, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12315, doi:10.1029/2005JD006689, 2006. (Pubitemid 44687654)
52. Parrish, D.: Critical evaluation of US on-road vehicle emissions inventories, Atmos. Environ., 40(13), 2288-2300, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv. 2005.11.033, 2006. (Pubitemid 43375175)
53. Peng, L., Zhao, C., Lin, Y., et al.: Analysis of Carbon Monoxide Budget in North China, Chemosphere, 66(8), 1383-1389, 2007. (Pubitemid 44879593)
54. Peters, W., Jacobson, A. R., Sweeny, C., et al.: An atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104(48), 18925-18930, 2007.
55. Petron, G., Granier, C., Khattatov, B., et al.: Monthly CO surface sources inventory based on the 2000-2001 MO-PITT satellite data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21107, doi:10.1029/2004GL020560, 2004. (Pubitemid 40190936)
56. Pfister, G., Petron, G., Emmons, L. K., et al.: Evaluation of CO Simulations and the Analysis of the CO Budget for Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19304, doi:10.1029/2004JD004691, 2004. (Pubitemid 39660684)
57. Pfister, G., Hess, P. G., Emmons, L. K., et al.: Quantifying CO emissions from the 2004 Alaskan wildfires using MOPITT CO data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11809, doi:10.1029/2005GL022995, 2005. (Pubitemid 41174848)
58. Pielke, R. A., Cotton, W. R., Walko, R. L., et al.: A comprehensive meteorological modeling system - RAMS, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 49, 69-91, 1992.
59. de Reus, M., Fischer, H., Arnold, F., de Gouw, J., et al.: On the relationship beween acetone and carbon monoxide in different air masses, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1709-1723, 2003, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/1709/2003/.
60. Rogers, C. D.: Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding: Theory and practice, World Scientific, Singapore, 2000.
61. Roller, C., Fried, A., Walega, J., et al.: Advances in hardware, system diagnostics software, and acquisition procedures for high performance airborne tunable diode laster measurements of formaldehyde, Appl. Phys. B-Lasers O., 82(2), 247-264, 2006. (Pubitemid 43076926)
62. Sanzhez-Ccoyllo, O. R., Silva Dias, P. L., Andrade, M. D., et al.: Determination of O3, CO, and PM10 transport in the metropolitan area of Sao Paula, Brazil through synoptic-scale analysis of back tranjectories, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 92(1-2), 83-93, 2006. (Pubitemid 43280474)
63. Shim, C. Y., Wang, Y., Choi, Y., et al.: Constraining global isoprene emissions with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) formaldehyde column measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D24301, doi:10.1029/2004JD005629, 2005. (Pubitemid 43169414)
64. Simon, V., Dumergues, L., Ponche, J. L., and Torres, L.: The biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory in France: Application to plant ecosystems in the Berre-Marseilles area (France), Sci. Total Environ., 372, 164-182, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2006.08.019, 2006. (Pubitemid 44781232)
65. Singh, H. B., Salas, L. J., Chatfield, R. B., et al.: Analysis of the atmospheric distribution, sources, and sinks of oxygenated volatile organic chemicals based on measurements over the pacific during TRACE-P, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15S07, doi:10.1029/2003JD003883, 2004. (Pubitemid 39408320)
66. Singh, H. B., Brune, W. H., Crawford, J. H., et al.: Overview of the summer 2004 Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment North America (INTEX-A), J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24S01, doi:10.1029/2006JD007905, 2006. (Pubitemid 47260804)
67. Somnitz, H., Fida, M., Ufer, T., and Zellner, R.: Pressure dependence for the CO quantum yield in the photolysis of acetone at 248 nm: A combined experimental and theoretical study, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 7, 3324-3352, 2005.
68. Stewart, H. E., Hewitt, C. N., Bunce, R. G. H., et al.: A highly spatially and temporally resolved inventory for biogenic isoprene and monoterpene emissons: Model description and application to Great Britain, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 4644, doi:10.1029/2002JD002694, 2003.
69. Stunder, B. J. B.: NCEP model output - FNL archive data, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center, Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Springs, MD, http://www.arl.noaa. gov/fnl.php, 1997.
70. Thompson, A. M.: The oxidizing capacity of the earth's atmosphere: probable past and future changes, Science, 256, 1157-1165, 1992.
71. Turnbull, J. C., Miller, J. B., Lehman, S. J., et al.: Comparison of 14CO2, CO, and SF6 as tracers for recently added fossil fuel CO2 in the atmosphere and implications for biological CO2 exchange, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01817, doi:10.1029/2005GL024213, 2006.
72. Turquety, S., Logan, J. A., Jacob, D. J., et al.: Inventory of boreal fire emissions for North America in 2004: Importance of peat burning and pyroconvective injection, J. Geophys. Res., 113(D12), D12S03, doi:10.1029/2006JD007281, 2007. (Pubitemid 47241660)
73. Unisys Weather: Image and Map Archive: http://weather.unisys. com/archive/index.html, access: 15 September 2008, 2006.
74. US EPA: Emissions modeling clearinghouse related spatial allocation files: "New" surrogates, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/spatial/ newsurrogate.html, 2004.
75. US EPA: The Green Book Nonattainment Areas for Criteria Pollutants, http://www.epa.gov/air/oaqps/greenbk/cindex. html, 2007b.
76. US EPA: Six common air pollutants: Carbon monoxide, http://www.epa.gov/ air/urbanair/co/effrt1.html, 2007a.
77. US EPA: 1970-2006 Average annual emissions, all criteria pollutants, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/index.html, 2007c.
78. US NASA JPL: Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies, edited by: Sander, S. P., Ravishankara, A. R., Golden, D. M., et al., US National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulson Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 2006.
79. US NOAA ARL: Eta Data Assimilation System (EDAS40) archive information, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Springs, MD, http://www.ready.noaa.gov/ss/ transport/edas40.html, 2004.
80. US NOAA ESRL: GMD data archive. US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Global Monitoring Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/ftpdata.html, 13 March 2007, 2007.
81. US NOAA ESRL-GMD: NOAA ESRL GMD Tall Tower Network, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ ccgg/towers/, 28 December 2007, 2007.
82. Vermeulen, A. T., Pieterse, G., Hensen, A., et al.: COMET: a Lagrangian transport model for greenhouse gas emission estimation forward model technique and performance for methane, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 6, 8727-8779, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/6/8727/2006/.
83. Vogelezang, D. H. P. and Holtslan, A. A. M.: Evaluation and model impacts of alternative boundary-layer height formulations, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 81(3-4), 245-269, 1996. (Pubitemid 27442687)
84. Walko, R. L., Cotton, W. R., Feingold, G., and Stevens, B.: Efficient computation of vapor and heat diffusion between hydrometeors in a numerical model, Atmos. Res., 53, 171-183, 2000.
85. Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Stohl, A., et al.: Biomass burning and anthropogenic sources of CO over New England in the summer of 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S15, doi:10.1029/2005JD006878, 2006. (Pubitemid 47260833)
86. Washenfelder, R. A., Toon, G. C., Blavier, J. F., et al.: Carbon dioxide column abundances at the Wisconsin Tall Tower site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111(D22), D22305, doi:10.1029/2006JD007154, 2006. (Pubitemid 47386235)
87. Wert, B. P, Fried, A., Rauenbuehler, S., et al.: Design and performance of a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for airborne formaldehyde measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108(D12), 4350, doi:10.1029/2002JD002872, 2003.
88. Wiedinmyer, C., Quayle, B., Geron, C., et al.: Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3419-3432, 2006. (Pubitemid 43766469)
89. Wotowa, G. and Trainer, M.: The influence of Canadian forest fires on pollutant concentrations in the United States, Science, 288, 324-328, 2000. (Pubitemid 30226191)
90. Zimmerman, P.: Testing of hydrocarbon emissions from vegetation, leaf litter, and aquatic surfaces and development of a method for compiling biogenic emissions inventories, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1979.