Cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, alemtuzumab, and rituximab as salvage therapy for heavily pretreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Blood

Volumn 118, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 2085-2093

  Badoux, Xavier C ^a   Keating, Michael J ^a   Wang, Xuemei ^a   O'Brien, Susan M ^a   Ferrajoli, Alessandra ^a   Faderl, Stefan ^a   Burger, Jan ^a   Koller, Charles ^a   Lerner, Susan ^a   Kantarjian, Hagop ^a   Wierda, William G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; CISPLATIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; DEXAMETHASONE; DOXORUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; FLUDARABINE; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; RITUXIMAB; VALACICLOVIR; VALGANCICLOVIR; VINCRISTINE;

ADULT; AGED; ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; ANEMIA; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AUTOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CELLULITIS; CHILL; CHROMOSOME 17P; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; CYTOPENIA; DIARRHEA; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DYSPNEA; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; FEMALE; FEVER; FLOW CYTOMETRY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE DELETION; GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; HERPES SIMPLEX; HERPES ZOSTER; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INJECTION SITE REACTION; LEUKEMIA RELAPSE; LUNG EMBOLISM; LUNG MYCOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; NEUTROPENIA; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA; PREMEDICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PRURITUS; PURE RED CELL ANEMIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RASH; REMISSION; RIGOR; SALVAGE THERAPY; SINUSITIS; SMALL INTESTINE OBSTRUCTION; SURVIVAL TIME; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; VIRUS PNEUMONIA;

EID: 80052188111     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 15280020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-341032     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Hallek M, Fischer K, Fingerle-Rowson G, et al. Addition of rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9747):1164-1174.
2. Robak T, Dmoszynska A, Solal-Celigny P, et al. Rituximab plus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide prolongs progression-free survival compared with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide alone in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(10):1756-1765.
3. Badoux XC, Keating MJ, Wang X, et al. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab chemoimmunotherapy is highly effective treatment for relapsed patients with CLL. Blood. 2011;117(11): 3016-3024.
4. Hillmen P, Skotnicki AB, Robak T, et al. Alemtuzumab compared with chlorambucil as first-line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(35):5616-5623.
5. Keating MJ, Flinn I, Jain V, et al. Therapeutic role of alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in patients who have failed fludarabine: results of a large international study. Blood. 2002;99(10):3554-3561. (Pubitemid 34534522)
6. Osterborg A, Foa R, Bezares RF, et al. Management guidelines for the use of alemtuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2009; 23(11):1980-1988.
7. Keating M, Coutre S, Rai K, et al. Management guidelines for use of alemtuzumab in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Lymphoma. 2004;4(4):220-227. (Pubitemid 38528876)
8. Cortelezzi A, Pasquini MC, Gardellini A, et al. Low-dose subcutaneous alemtuzumab in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): results of a prospective, single-arm multicentre study. Leukemia. 2009;23(11):2027-2033.
9. Fiegl M, Erdel M, Tinhofer I, et al. Clinical outcome of pretreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia following alemtuzumab therapy: a retrospective study on various cytogenetic risk categories. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(12):2410-2419.
10. Karlsson C, Lundin J, Kimby E, et al. Phase II study of subcutaneous alemtuzumab without dose escalation in patients with advanced-stage, relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2009;144(1):78-85.
11. Laurenti L, Piccioni P, Tarnani M, et al. Low-dose intravenous alemtuzumab therapy in pretreated patients affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a single center experience. Haematologica. 2005;90(8):1143-1145. (Pubitemid 41323520)
12. Lozanski G, Heerema NA, Flinn IW, et al. Alemtuzumab is an effective therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia with p53 mutations and deletions. Blood. 2004;103(9):3278-3281. (Pubitemid 38525651)
13. Rieger K, Von Grunhagen U, Fietz T, Thiel E, Knauf W. Efficacy and tolerability of alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1H) in the salvage treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: change of regimen needed? Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45(2):345-349. (Pubitemid 38181439)
14. Stilgenbauer S, Zenz T, Winkler D, et al. Subcutaneous alemtuzumab in fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical results and prognostic marker analyses from the CLL2H study of the German Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(24): 3994-4001.
15. Kennedy B, Rawstron A, Carter C, et al. Campath-1H and fludarabine in combination are highly active in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2002;99(6):2245-2247. (Pubitemid 34525514)
16. Faderl S, Thomas DA, O'Brien S, et al. Experience with alemtuzumab plus rituximab in patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoid malignancies. Blood. 2003;101(9):3413-3415. (Pubitemid 36857922)
17. Cheson BD, Bennett JM, Grever M, et al. National Cancer Institute-sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Blood. 1996;87(12):4990-4997. (Pubitemid 26189840)
18. Rassenti LZ, Jain S, Keating MJ, et al. Relative value of ZAP-70, CD38, and immunoglobulin mutation status in predicting aggressive disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2008; 112(5):1923-1930.
19. Rassenti LZ, Huynh L, Toy TL, et al. ZAP-70 compared with immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene mutation status as a predictor of disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(9):893-901. (Pubitemid 39096916)
20. Jilani I, Keating M, Day A, et al. Simplified sensitive method for the detection of B-cell clonality in lymphoid malignancies. Clin Lab Haematol. 2006; 28(5):325-331. (Pubitemid 44453680)
21. Gribben JG. How I treat CLL up front. Blood. 2010;115(2):187-197.
22. Elter T, Vehreschild JJ, Gribben J, Cornely OA, Engert A, Hallek M. Management of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with alemtuzumab. Ann Hematol. 2009; 88(2):121-132.
23. Martin SI, Marty FM, Fiumara K, Treon SP, Gribben JG, Baden LR. Infectious complications associated with alemtuzumab use for lymphoproliferative disorders. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(1): 16-24. (Pubitemid 43939071)
24. Thursky KA, Worth LJ, Seymour JF, Miles Prince H, Slavin MA. Spectrum of infection, risk and recommendations for prophylaxis and screening among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders treated with alemtuzumab*. Br J Haematol. 2006; 132(1):3-12. (Pubitemid 43381565)
25. Bassetti M, Repetto E, Mikulska M, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans fatal sepsis in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient treated with alemtuzumab: case report and review of the literature. J Chemother. 2009;21(2):211-214.
26. O'Brien SM, Keating MJ, Mocarski ES. Updated guidelines on the management of cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with alemtuzumab. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2006;7(2):125-130. (Pubitemid 44596594)
27. Molteni A, Nosari A, Montillo M, Cafro A, Klersy C, Morra E. Multiple lines of chemotherapy are the main risk factor for severe infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with febrile episodes. Haematologica. 2005;90(8):1145-1147. (Pubitemid 41323521)
28. Nosari A, Tedeschi A, Ricci F, Montillo M. Characteristics and stage of the underlying diseases could determine the risk of opportunistic infections in patients receiving alemtuzumab. Haematologica. 2008;93(2):e30-e31. (Pubitemid 351397734)
29. Lepretre S, Aurran T, Mahe B, et al. Immunochemotherapy with fludarabine (F), cyclophosphamide (C), and rituximab (R) (FCR) versus fludarabine (F), cyclophosphamide (C) and MabCampath (Cam) (FCCam) in previously untreated patients (pts) with advanced B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL): experience on safety and efficacy within a randomised multicenter phase III Trial of the French Cooperative Group on CLL and WM (FCGCLL/MW) and the "Groupe Ouest-Est d'Etudes Des Leucemies Aigues Et Autres Maladies Du sang" (GOELAMS): CLL2007FMP (for fit medically patients) [abstract]. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2009;114(22):538.
30. Lin TS, Donohue KA, Byrd JC, et al. Consolidation therapy with subcutaneous alemtuzumab after fludarabine and rituximab induction therapy for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: final analysis of CALGB 10101. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(29):4500-4506.
31. Morrison VA, Peterson BL, Rai KR, Byrd JC, Larson RA. Alemtuzumab increases serious infections in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) receiving fludarabine-based therapy: a comparative analysis of 3 Cancer and Leukemia Group B Studies (CALGB 9011, 9712, 19901) [abstract]. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2007;110(11):756.
32. Schweighofer CD, Ritgen M, Eichhorst BF, et al. Consolidation with alemtuzumab improves progression- free survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in first remission: long-term follow-up of a randomized phase III trial of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG). Br J Haematol. 2009;144(1):95-98.
33. Engert A, Gercheva L, Robak T, et al. Improved progression-free survival (PFS) of alemtuzumab (Campath(R), MabCampath(R)) plus fludarabine (Fludara(R)) versus fludarabine alone as secondline treatment of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: preliminary results from a phase III randomized trial [abstract]. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2009;114(22):537.
34. Engert A, Gercheva L, Pilipenko G, et al. Overall survival advantage and acceptable safety profile with fludarabine in combination with alemtuzumab (FluCam) in previously treated patients with advanced stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia [abstract]. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2010;116(21):919.
35. Elter T, James R, Stilgenbauer S, et al. Chemoimmuno-therapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and alemtuzumab (FC-Cam) in patients with relapsed or genetic high-risk CLL: final analysis of the CLL2L trial of the German CLL Study Group [abstract]. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2009;114(22):209.
36. Montillo M, Tedeschi A, Ricci F, et al. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and alemtuzumab (FCC) in relapsed/refractory patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): final report of the Italian Study [abstract]. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2010;116(21):1384.
37. Stilgenbauer S, Cymbalista F, Leblond V, et al. Subcutaneous alemtuzumab combined with oral dexamethasone, followed by alemtuzumab maintenance or allo-SCT in CLL with 17p- or refractory to fludarabine: interim analysis of the CLL2O Trial of the GCLLSG and FCGCLL/MW [abstract]. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2010;116(21): 920.
38. Faderl S, Ferrajoli A, WierdaW, O'Brien S, Lerner S, Keating MJ. Alemtuzumab by continuous intravenous infusion followed by subcutaneous injection plus rituximab in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia recurrence. Cancer. 2010;116(10):2360-2365.