Size and long-term growth trends of endangered fish-eating killer whales

Endangered Species Research

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 173-180

  Fearnbach, Holly ^a   Durban, John W ^b,c   Ellifrit, Dave K ^b   Balcomb, Ken C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^b CENTER FOR WHALE RESEARCH   (United States)

^c SOUTHWEST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Growth; Killer whale; Photogrammetry; Salmon; Size

Indexed keywords

BODY SIZE; ENDANGERED SPECIES; FOOD AVAILABILITY; NEONATE; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PREY AVAILABILITY; REPRODUCTION; SALMONID; SURVIVAL; WHALE;

CETACEA; ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA; ORCINUS ORCA;

EID: 80052048868     PISSN: 18635407     EISSN: 16134796     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/esr00330     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Beamish RJ, Riddell BE, Neville CEM, Thomson BL, Zhang Z (1995) Declines in chinook salmon catches in the Strait of Georgia in relation to shifts in the marine environment. Fish Oceanogr 4:243-256
2. Bigg MA, Wolman AA (1975) Live-capture killer whale (Orcinus orca) fishery, British Columbia and Washington, 1962-1973. J Fish Res Board Can 32:1213-1221
3. Bigg MA, Olesiuk PF, Ellis GM, Ford, JKB, Balcomb KC III (1990) Social organization and genealogy of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the coastal waters of British Columbia and Washington State. Rep Int Whal Comm Spec Issue 12:383-405
4. Breuer T, Robbins MM, Boesch C (2007) Using photogrammetry and color scoring to assess sexual dimorphism in wild western gorillas. Am J Phys Anthropol 134:369-382
5. Catchpole EA, Morgan BJT, Coulson TN, Freeman SN, Albon SD (2000) Factors influencing Soay sheep survival. Appl Stat 49:453-472
6. Catchpole EA, Fan Y, Morgan BJT, Clutton-Brock TH, Coulson T (2004) Sexual dimorphism, survival and dispersal in red deer. J Agric Biol Environ Stat 9:1-26
7. Choquenot D (1991) Density-dependent growth, body condition and demography in feral donkeys: testing the food hypothesis. Ecology 72:805-813
8. Durban JW, Parsons KM (2006) Laser-metrics of free-ranging killer whales. Mar Mamm Sci 22:735-743
9. Flamm RO, Owen ECG, Owen CFW, Wells RS, Nowacek D (2000) Aerial videogrammetry from a tethered airship to assess manatee life-stage structure. Mar Mamm Sci 16:617-630
10. Ford JKB, Ellis GM (2006) Selective foraging by fish-eating killer whales Orcinus orca in British Columbia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 316:185-199
11. Ford JKB, Ellis GM, Balcomb KC III (2000) Killer whales: the natural history and genealogy of Orcinus orca in British Columbia and Washington State, 2nd edn. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver
12. Ford JKB, Ellis GM, Olesiuk PF, Balcomb KC III (2009) Linking killer whale survival and prey abundance: food limitation in the oceans' apex predator. Biol Lett 6:139-142
13. Jaquet N (2006) A simple photogrammetric technique to measure sperm whales at sea. Mar Mamm Sci 22:862-879
14. Koski WR, Davis RA, Miller GW (1992) Growth rates of bowhead whales as determined from low-level aerial photogrammetry. Rep Int Whal Comm 42:491-499
15. Krahn MM, Ford MJ, Perrin WF, Wade PR, Angliss RP (2004) Status review of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) under the Endangered Species Act. NOAA Tech Memo NMFS-NWFSC-62. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA
16. Landete-Castillejos T, Garcia A, Gomez JA, Laborda J, Gallego L (2002) Effects of nutritional stress during lactation on immunity costs and indices of future reproduction in Iberian red deer (Cervus elapus hispanicus). Biol Reprod 67:1613-1620
17. Lee PC, Moss CJ (1995) Statural growth in known-age African elephants (Loxodonta africana). J Zool (Lond) 236:29-41
18. Metcalfe NB, Monaghan P (2001) Compensation for a bad start: grow now, pay later? Trends Ecol Evol 16:254-260
19. Noren DP (2011) Estimated field metabolic rates and prey requirements of resident killer whales. Mar Mamm Sci 27: 60-77
20. Olesiuk PF, Bigg MA, Ellis GM (1990) Life history and population dynamics of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the coastal waters of British Columbia and Washington State. Rep Int Whal Comm Spec Issue 12:209-244
21. Olesiuk PF, Ellis GM, Ford JKB (2005) Life history and population dynamics of northern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia. Res Doc 2005/45. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa. Available at www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/ Csas/Publications/ResDocs-DocRech/2005/2005_045_e.htm
22. Parsons KM, Balcomb KC III, Ford JKB, Durban JW (2009) The social dynamics of the southern resident killer whales and implications for the conservation of this endangered population. Anim Behav 77:963-971
23. Perryman WL, Lynn MS (1993) Identification of geographic forms of common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) from aerial photogrammetry. Mar Mamm Sci 9:119-137
24. Perryman WL, Lynn MS (2002) Evaluation of nutritive condition and reproductive status of migrating gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) based on analysis of photogrammetric data. J Cetacean Res Manag 4:155-164
25. Perryman WL, Westlake RL (1998) A new geographic form of the spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, detected with aerial photogrammetry. Mar Mamm Sci 14:38-50
26. Pitman RL, Perryman WL, LeRoi D, Eilers E (2007) A dwarf form of killer whale in Antarctica. J Mammal 88: 43-48
27. Read AJ, Wells RS, Hohn AA, Scott MD (1993) Patterns of growth in wild bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. J Zool (Lond) 231:107-123
28. Richards FJ (1959) A flexible growth function for empirical use. J Exp Bot 10:290-300
29. Shrader AM, Ferreira SM, McElveen ME, Lee PC, Moss CJ, van Aarde RJ (2006) Growth and age determination of African savanna elephants. J Zool (London) 270: 40-48
30. Trites AW, Bigg MA (1996) Physical growth of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus): seasonal fluctuations and migratory influences. J Zool (London) 238:459-482
31. Trites AW, Donnelly CP (2003) The decline of Stellar sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in Alaska: a review of the nutritional stress hypothesis. Mammal Rev 33:3-28
32. Ward EJ, Holmes EE, Balcomb KC (2009) Quantifying the effects of prey abundance on killer whale reproduction. J Appl Ecol 46:632-640
33. Webster T, Dawson S, Slooten E (2010) A simple laser photogrammetry technique for measuring Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori) in the field. Mar Mamm Sci 26: 296-308
34. Williams TM, Estes JA, Doak DF, Springer AM (2004) Killer appetites: assessing the role of predators in ecological communities. Ecology 85:3373-3384
35. Williams R, Lusseau D, Hammond PS (2006) Estimating relative energetic costs of human disturbance to killer whales (Orcinus orca). Biol Conserv 133:301-311