Model atmospheres for massive gas giants with thick clouds: Application to the HR 8799 planets and predictions for future detections

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 737, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Madhusudhan, Nikku ^a   Burrows, Adam ^a   Currie, Thayne ^b  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

planetary systems; planets and satellites: general; planets and satellites: individual (HR 8799b, HR 8799c, HR 8799d)

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052047823     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/34     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Allard, F., Hauschildt, P. H., Alexander, D. R., Tamanai, A., & Schweitzer, A. 2001, ApJ, 556, 357
2. Ackerman, A. & Marley, M. S. 2001, ApJ, 556, 872
3. Baraffe, I., Chabrier, G., Barman, T. S., Allard, F., & Hauschildt, P. H. 2003, A&A, 402, 701
4. Beuzit, J.-L. et al. 2008, Proc. SPIE, 7014, 701418
5. Bowler, B. P., Liu, M. C., Dupuy, T. J., & Cushing, M. C. 2010, ApJ, 723, 850
6. Burgasser, A. et al. 2010, ApJ, 725, 1405
7. Burrows, A. 2005, Nature, 433, 261
8. Burrows, A., Budaj, J., & Hubeny, I. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1436
9. Burrows, A., Hubbard, W. B., Lunine, J. I., & Liebert, J. 2001, Rev. Mod. Phys., 73, 719
10. Burrows, A. & Sharp, C. M. 1999, ApJ, 512, 843
11. Burrows, A., Sudarsky, D., & Hubeny, I. 2006, ApJ, 640, 1063
12. Burrows, A. et al. 1997, ApJ, 491, 856
13. Chabrier, G., Baraffe, I., Allard, F., & Hauschildt, P. 2000, ApJ, 542, 464
14. Chauvin, G., Lagrange, A.-M., Dumas, C., Zuckerman, B., Mouillet, D., Song, I., Beuzit, J.-L., & Lowrance, P. 2004, A&A, 425, L29
15. Chauvin, G. et al. 2005, A&A, 438, 29
16. Currie, T. et al. 2011, ApJ, 729, 128
17. Cushing, M. et al. 2006, ApJ, 648, 614
18. Fegley, B. & Lodders, K. 1996, ApJ, 472, L37
19. Helling, Ch., Jardine, M., Witte, S., & Diver, D. A. 2011, ApJ, 727, 4
20. Helling, Ch., Klein, R., Woitke, P., Nowak, U., & Sedimayr, E. 2004, A&A, 423, 657
21. Helling, Ch., Oevermann, M., Lüttke, M. J. H., Klein, R., & Sedimayr, E. 2001, A&A, 376, 194
22. Helling, Ch., Thi, W.-F., Woitke, P., & Fridlund, M. 2006, A&A, 451, L9
23. Henning, T. 2010, ARA&A, 48, 21
24. Hinkley, S., Oppenheimer, B. R., Brenner, D., Parry, I. R., Sivaramakrishnan, A., Soummer, R., & King, D. 2008, Proc. SPIE, 7015, 701519
25. Hinkley, S. et al. 2011, PASP, 123, 74
26. Hinz, P. M., Rodigas, T. J., Kenworthy, M. A., Sivanandam, S., Heinze, A. N., Mamajek, E. E., & Meyer, M. R. 2010, ApJ, 716, 417
27. Hubeny, I. 1988, Comput. Phys. Commun., 52, 103
28. Hubeny, I. & Burrows, A. 2007, ApJ, 669, 1248
29. Hubeny, K. & Lanz, T. 1995, ApJ, 439, 875
30. Ireland, M. J., Kraus, A., Martinache, F., Law, N., & Hillenbrand, L. A. 2011, ApJ, 726, 113
31. Janson, M., Bergfors, C., Goto, M., Brandner, W., & Lafrenire, D. 2010, ApJ, 710, L35
32. Kalas, P. et al. 2008, Science, 322, 1345
33. Lafreniere, D., Jayawardhana, R., & van Kerkwijk, M. H. 2008, ApJ, 689, L153
34. Lafreniere, D., Jayawardhana, R., & van Kerkwijk, M. H. 2010, ApJ, 719, 497
35. Lafreniere, D., Marois, C., Doyon, R., & Barman, T. 2009, ApJ, 694, L148
36. Lagrange, A.-M. et al. 2009, A&A, 493, L21
37. Leggett, S. et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1627
38. Liu, M. C. et al. 2010, Proc. SPIE, 7736, 77361
39. Macintosh, B. et al. 2006, Proc. SPIE, 6272, 62720
40. Macintosh, B. et al. 2008, Proc. SPIE, 7015, 701518
41. Marley, M., Seager, S., Saumon, D., Lodders, K., Ackerman, A. S., Freedman, R. S., & Fan, X. 2002, ApJ, 568, 335
42. Marois, C., Macintosh, B., Barman, T., Zuckerman, B., Song, I., Patience, J., Lafreniere, D., & Doyon, R. 2008, Science, 322, 1348
43. Marois, C., Zuckerman, B., Konopacky, Q. M., Macintosh, B., & Barman, T. 2010, Nature, 468, 1080
44. Metchev, S. & Hillenbrand, L. A. 2006, ApJ, 651, 1166
45. Mohanty, S., Jayawardhana, R., Hulamo, N., & Mamajek, E. 2007, ApJ, 657, 1064
46. Saumon, D., Chabrier, G., & Van Horn, H. M. 1995, ApJS, 99, 713
47. Saumon, D. & Marley, M. 2008, ApJ, 689, 1327
48. Saumon, D., Marley, M. S., Lodders, K., & Freedman, R. S. 2003, Proc. IAU Symp. 211, Brown Dwarfs, ed. E. Martin (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 345
49. Sharp, C. M. & Burrows, A. 2007, ApJS, 168, 140
50. Spiegel, D. S., Burrows, A., & Milsom, J. A. 2011, ApJ, 727, 57
51. Sudarsky, D., Burrows, A., & Pinto, P. 2000, ApJ, 538, 885
52. Tamura, M. 2009, Exoplanets and Disks: their Formation and Diversity (AIP Conf. Ser. 1158), ed. T. Usuda, M. Tamura, & M. Ishii (Melville, NY: AIP), 11
53. Tsuji, T. 2002, ApJ, 575, 264
54. Tsuji, T. 2005, ApJ, 621, 1033