How I treat adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Blood

Volumn 118, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 1736-1745

  Bazarbachi, Ali ^a   Suarez, Felipe ^b   Fields, Paul ^c   Hermine, Olivier ^b  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

^b CNRS   (France)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; ALPHA INTERFERON; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; CARBOPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DEOXYCOFORMYCINE; DOXORUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; INTERFERON; LAMIVUDINE; MOGAMULIZUMAB; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RANIMUSTINE; SIPLIZUMAB; SOBUZOXANE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VINCRISTINE; VINCRISTINE SULFATE; VINDESINE; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RELAPSE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COMPARATIVE STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTION; JAPANESE; META ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SURVIVAL TIME; T CELL LEUKEMIA; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR CELL;

EID: 80051899384     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 15280020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-345702     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Uchiyama T., Yodoi J., Sagawa K., Takatsuki K., Uchino H. Adult T-cell leukemia: Clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases. Blood. 1977;50(3):481-492. (Pubitemid 8180432)
2. Bazarbachi A., Ghez D., Lepelletier Y., et al. New therapeutic approaches for adult T-cell leukaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2004;5(11):664-672. (Pubitemid 40267851)
3. Kaplan J.E., Khabbaz R.F. The epidemiology of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II. Med Virol. 1993;3:137-148.
4. Paun L., Ispas O., Del Mistro A., Chieco-Bianchi L. HTLV-I in Romania. Eur J Haematol. 1994;52(2): 117-118.
5. Gessain A. Epidemiology of HTLV-1 and associated disease. In: Höllsberg P, Hafler DA, eds. Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1. Chichester: Wiley; 1996:33-64.
6. Abbaszadegan M.R., Gholamin M., Tabatabaee A., Farid R., Houshmand M., Abbaszadegan M. Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 among blood donors from Mashhad, Iran. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(6):2593-2595. (Pubitemid 36712472)
7. Franchini G. Disease association, genetics, and biology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II. In: Franchini G, Ambinder RF, Barry M, eds. Viral Disease in Hematology. San Francisco, CA: American Society of Hematology, Education Program Book; 2000:409-412.
8. Franchini G. Molecular mechanisms of human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I infection. Blood. 1995;86(10):3619-3639.
9. .Wattel E., Vartanian J.P., Pannetier C.,Wain-Hobson S. Clonal expansion of human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected cells in asymptomatic and symptomatic carriers without malignancy. J Virol. 1995;69(5): 2863-2868.
10. .Waldmann T.A., Longo D.L., Leonard W.J., et al. Interleukin 2 receptor (Tac antigen) expression in HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia. Cancer Res. 1985;45(suppl 9):4559s-4562s. (Pubitemid 16223294)
11. Mortreux F., Kazanji M., Gabet A.S., De Thoisy B., Wattel E. Two-step nature of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 replication in experimentally infected squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). J Virol. 2001;75(2):1083-1089. (Pubitemid 32037314)
12. Azimi N., Jacobson S., Leist T., Waldmann T.A. Involvement of IL-15 in the pathogenesis of human T lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: Implications for therapy with a monoclonal antibody directed to the IL-2/15R beta receptor. J Immunol. 1999;163(7):4064-4072. (Pubitemid 29450938)
13. Yoshida M. Multiple viral strategies of HTLV-1 for dysregulation of cell growth control. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:475-496. (Pubitemid 32368043)
14. Kfoury Y., Nasr R., Hermine O., De The H., Bazarbachi A. Proapoptotic regimes for HTLV-I-transformed cells: Targeting Tax and the NF-kappaB pathway. Cell Death Differ. 2005;12 Suppl 1:871-877. (Pubitemid 41030603)
15. Grassmann R., Aboud M., Jeang K.T. Molecular mechanisms of cellular transformation by HTLV-1 Tax. Oncogene. 2005;24(39):5976-5985. (Pubitemid 43086115)
16. Tabakin-Fix Y., Azran I., Schavinky-Khrapunsky Y., Levy O., Aboud M. Functional inactivation of p53 by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax protein: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27(4):673-681.
17. Taylor J.M., Nicot C. HTLV-1 and apoptosis: Role in cellular transformation and recent advances in therapeutic approaches. Apoptosis. 2008;13(6):733-747.
18. Jin D.Y., Spencer F., Jeang K.T. Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 oncoprotein Tax targets the human mitotic checkpoint protein MAD1. Cell. 1998;93(1):81-91. (Pubitemid 28173554)
19. Boxus M., Twizere J.C., Legros S., Dewulf J.F., Kettmann R., Willems L. The HTLV-1 Tax interactome. Retrovirology. 2008;5:76.
20. Fraedrich K., Muller B., Grassmann R. The HTLV-1 Tax protein binding domain of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) includes the regulatory PSTAIRE helix. Retrovirology. 2005;2:54.
21. Matsuoka M., Jeang K.T. Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infectivity and cellular transformation. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7(4):270-280. (Pubitemid 46480972)
22. Nasr R., Chiari E., El-Sabban M., et al. Tax ubiquitylation and sumoylation control critical cytoplasmic and nuclear steps of NF-kappaB activation. Blood. 2006;107(10):4021-4029. (Pubitemid 43726810)
23. Lamsoul I., Lodewick J., Lebrun S., et al. Exclusive ubiquitination and sumoylation on overlapping lysine residues mediate NF-kappaB activation by the human T-cell leukemia virus tax oncoprotein. Mol Cell Biol. 2005;25(23):10391- 10406. (Pubitemid 41681963)
24. Kfoury Y., Nasr R., Favre-Bonvin A., et al. Ubiquitylated Tax targets and binds the IKK signalosome at the centrosome. Oncogene. 2008;27(12):1665- 1676.
25. Kfoury Y., Setterblad N., El-Sabban M., et al. Tax ubiquitylation and SUMOylation control the dynamic shuttling of Tax and NEMO between Ubc9 nuclear bodies and the centrosome. Blood. 2011;117(1):190-199.
26. El-Sabban M.E., Merhi R.A., Haidar H.A., et al. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-transformed cells induce angiogenesis and establish functional gap junctions with endothelial cells. Blood. 2002;99(9):3383-3389. (Pubitemid 34525320)
27. Bazarbachi A., Abou Merhi R., Gessain A., et al. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-infected cells extravasate through the endothelial barrier by a local angiogenesis-like mechanism. Cancer Res. 2004;64(6):2039- 2046. (Pubitemid 38339451)
28. Arnulf B., Villemain A., Nicot C., et al. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus oncoprotein Tax represses TGF-beta 1 signaling in human T cells via c-Jun activation: A potential mechanism of HTLV-I leukemogenesis. Blood. 2002;100(12):4129-4138. (Pubitemid 35396881)
29. Asquith B., Hanon E., Taylor G.P., Bangham C.R. Is human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I really silent? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2000;355(1400):1013-1019.
30. Franchini G., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R.C. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) transcripts in fresh and cultured cells of patients with adult T-cell leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984;81(19):6207-6211. (Pubitemid 15220809)
31. Tendler C.L., Greenberg S.J., Blattner W.A., et al. Transactivation of interleukin 2 and its receptor induces immune activation in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy: Pathogenic implications and a rationale for immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87(13):5218-5222.
32. Gessain A., Louie A., Gout O., Gallo R.C., Franchini G. Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) expression in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I- associated myelopathy. J Virol. 1991;65(3):1628-1633.
33. Maruyama K., Fukushima T., Kawamura K., Mochizuki S. Chromosome and gene rearrangements in immortalized human lymphocytes infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Cancer Res. 1990;50(suppl 17):5697S-5702S. (Pubitemid 20263269)
34. Sakashita A., Hattori T., Miller C.W., et al. Mutations of the p53 gene in adult T-cell leukemia. Blood. 1992;79(2):477-480.
35. Gabet A.S., Mortreux F., Charneau P., et al. Inactivation of hTERT transcription by Tax. Oncogene. 2003;22(24):3734-3741. (Pubitemid 36760735)
36. Bellon M., Datta A., Brown M., et al. Increased expression of telomere length regulating factors TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 in patients with adult T-cell leukemia. Int J Cancer. 2006;119(9):2090-2097. (Pubitemid 44423666)
37. Hasegawa H., Sawa H., Lewis M.J., et al. Thymusderived leukemia-lymphoma in mice transgenic for the Tax gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Nat Med. 2006;12(4):466-472.
38. Portis T., Harding J.C., Ratner L. The contribution of NF-kappa B activity to spontaneous proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax-induced tumors. Blood. 2001;98(4):1200-1208.
39. Banerjee P., Rochford R., Antel J., et al. Proinflammatory cytokine gene induction by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 Tax in primary human glial cells. J Virol. 2007;81(4):1690-1700. (Pubitemid 46214444)
40. + T-cell response to Tax in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1- infected patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leukemia. 2004;18(1):126-132.
41. Satou Y., Yasunaga J., Yoshida M., Matsuoka M. HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor gene mRNA supports proliferation of adult T cell leukemia cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(3):720-725. (Pubitemid 43153092)
42. Matsuoka M., Green P.L. The HBZ gene, a key player in HTLV-1 pathogenesis. Retrovirology. 2009;6:71.
43. Swerdlow S.H., Campo E., Harris N.L., et al. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon: IARC Press; 2008.
44. Shimoyama M. Diagnostic criteria and classification of clinical subtypes of adult T-cell leukaemialymphoma. A report from the Lymphoma Study Group (1984-87). Br J Haematol. 1991;79(3):428-437.
45. Takatsuki F., Yamaguchi K., Hattori T. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. In: Gallo RC, Wong-Staal F, eds. Retrovirus Biology and Human Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1990:147-159.
46. Kiyokawa T., Yamaguchi K., Takeya M., et al. Hypercalcemia and osteoclast proliferation in adult T-cell leukemia. Cancer. 1987;59(6):1187-1191. (Pubitemid 17040402)
47. Bunn P.A. Jr, Schechter G.P., Jaffe E., et al. Clinical course of retrovirus-associated adult T-cell lymphoma in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1983; 309(5):257-264. (Pubitemid 13026963)
48. Verdonck K., Gonzalez E., Van Dooren S., Vandamme A.M., Vanham G., Gotuzzo E. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: Recent knowledge about an ancient infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(4):266-281. (Pubitemid 46414075)
49. Shirono K., Hattori T., Takatsuki K. A new classification of clinical stages of adult T-cell leukemia based on prognosis of the disease. Leukemia. 1994;8(11):1834-1837. (Pubitemid 24363056)
50. Yamada Y., Tomonaga M., Fukuda H., et al. A new G-CSF-supported combination chemotherapy, LSG15, for adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study 9303. Br J Haematol. 2001;113(2):375-382. (Pubitemid 32523141)
51. Hodson A., Bain B., Fields P., Talyor G. Smouldering adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) Is not associated with an increased risk of aggressive ATLL In HTLV-1 positive patients. Presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology; December 4-7, 2010; Orlando, FL.
52. Takasaki Y., Iwanaga M., Imaizumi Y., et al. Longterm study of indolent adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Blood. 2010;115(22):4337-4343.
53. Tsukasaki K., Hermine O., Bazarbachi A., et al. Definition, prognostic factors, treatment, and response criteria of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: A proposal from an international consensus meeting. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(3):453-459.
54. Lennert K., Kikuchi M., Sato E., et al. HTLV-positive and -negative T-cell lymphomas. Morphological and immunohistochemical differences between European and HTLV-positive Japanese T-cell lymphomas. Int J Cancer. 1985;35(1):65-72. (Pubitemid 15009641)
55. Ohshima K., Suzumiya J., Sato K., et al. Nodal T-cell lymphoma in an HTLV-I-endemic area: Proviral HTLV-I DNA, histological classification and clinical evaluation. Br J Haematol. 1998;101(4):703-711. (Pubitemid 28308520)
56. Amagasaki T., Tomonaga Y., Yamada Y., et al. Adult T-cell leukemia with an unusual phenotype, Leu-2a positive and Leu-3a negative. Blut. 1985;50(4):209-211. (Pubitemid 15094549)
57. Takemoto S., Matsuoka M., Yamaguchi K., Takatsuki K. Anovel diagnostic method of adult T-cell leukemia: Monoclonal integration of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I provirus DNAdetected by inverse polymerase chain reaction. Blood. 1994;84(9):3080-3085. (Pubitemid 24328101)
58. Lorand-Metze I., Pombo-de-Oliveira M.S. Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with an unusual immunophenotype and a high cellular proliferation rate. Leuk Lymphoma. 1996;22(5-6):523-526. (Pubitemid 26341021)
59. Tsukasaki K., Tsushima H., Yamamura M., et al. Integration patterns of HTLV-I provirus in relation to the clinical course of ATL: Frequent clonal change at crisis from indolent disease. Blood. 1997;89(3):948-956. (Pubitemid 27121288)
60. Utsunomiya A., Hanada S., Terada A., et al. Adult T-cell leukemia with leukemia cell infiltration into the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer. 1988;61(4):824-828. (Pubitemid 18037937)
61. Hermine O., Wattel E., Gessain A., Bazarbachi A. Adult T cell leukaemia: A review of established and new treatments. BioDrugs. 1998;10(6):447-462. (Pubitemid 29013721)
62. Bazarbachi A., Hermine O. Treatment of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma: Current strategy and future perspectives. Virus Res. 2001;78(1-2):79-92. (Pubitemid 32772825)
63. Tobinai K. Current management of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Oncology (Williston Park). 2009;23(14):1250-1256.
64. Rio B., Louvet C., Gessain A., et al. Adult T-cell leukemia and non-malignant adenopathies associated with HTLV I virus. Apropos of 17 patients born in the Caribbean region and Africa [in French]. Presse Med. 1990;19(16):746-751. (Pubitemid 20146779)
65. Taguchi H., Kinoshita K.I., Takatsuki K., et al. An intensive chemotherapy of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: CHOP followed by etoposide, vindesine, ranimustine, and mitoxantrone with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996;12(2):182-186.
66. Dearden C., Matutes E., Catovsky D. Deoxycoformycin in the treatment of mature T-cell leukaemias. Br J Cancer. 1991;64(5):903-906.
67. Tobinai K., Shimoyama M., Inoue S., et al. Phase I study of YK-176 (2′-deoxycoformycin) in patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. The DCF Study Group. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1992;22(3):164-171.
68. Tsukasaki K., Tobinai K., Shimoyama M., et al. Deoxycoformycin- containing combination chemotherapy for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG9109). Int J Hematol. 2003;77(2):164-170. (Pubitemid 37127569)
69. Tsuda H., Takatsuki K., Ohno R., et al. Treatment of adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma with irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11). CPT-11 Study Group on Hematological Malignancy. Br J Cancer. 1994; 70(4):771-774. (Pubitemid 24305620)
70. Tanabe K., Ikegami Y., Ishida R., Andoh T. Inhibition of topoisomerase II by antitumor agents bis(2,6-dioxopiperazine) derivatives. Cancer Res. 1991; 51(18):4903-4908.
71. Kuwazuru Y., Hanada S., Furukawa T., et al. Expression of P-glycoprotein in adult T-cell leukemia cells. Blood. 1990;76(10):2065-2071.
72. Lau A., Nightingale S., Taylor G.P., GantT.W., Cann A.J. Enhanced MDR1 gene expression in human T-cell leukemia virus-I-infected patients offers new prospects for therapy. Blood. 1998;91(7):2467-2474. (Pubitemid 28155522)
73. Gartenhaus R.B., Wang P., Hoffmann P. Induction of the WAF1/CIP1 protein and apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia virus type I-transformed lymphocytes after treatment with adriamycin by using a p53-independent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA. 1996;93(1):265-268. (Pubitemid 26038140)
74. .Waldmann T.A., White J.D., Goldman C.K., et al. The interleukin-2 receptor: A target for monoclonal antibody treatment of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-induced adult T-cell leukemia. Blood. 1993;82(6):1701- 1712. (Pubitemid 23278759)
75. .Waldmann T.A., White J.D., Carrasquillo J.A., et al. Radioimmunotherapy of interleukin-2R alphaexpressing adult T-cell leukemia with Yttrium-90- labeled anti-Tac. Blood. 1995;86(11):4063-4075.
76. Ravandi F., Faderl S. Complete response in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) treated with combination of alemtuzumab and pentostatin. Leuk Res. 2006;30(1):103-105. (Pubitemid 41654712)
77. Mone A., Puhalla S., Whitman S., et al. Durable hematologic complete response and suppression of HTLV-1 viral load following alemtuzumab in zidovudine/IFN-{alpha}-refractory adult T-cell leukemia. Blood. 2005;106(10):3380-3382. (Pubitemid 41609170)
78. Moura I.C., Lepelletier Y., Arnulf B., et al. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb A24) directed against the transferrin receptor induces apoptosis of tumor T lymphocytes from ATL patients. Blood. 2004;103(5):1838-1845. (Pubitemid 38268981)
79. Callens C., Moura I.C., Lepelletier Y., et al. Recent advances in adult T-cell leukemia therapy: Focus on a new anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody. Leukemia. 2008;22(1):42-48.
80. Yamamoto K., Utsunomiya A., Tobinai K., et al. Phase I study of KW-0761, a defucosylated humanized anti-CCR4 antibody, in relapsed patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(9):1591-1598.
81. Zhang Z., Zhang M., Ravetch J.V., Goldman C., Waldmann T.A. Effective therapy for a murine model of adult T-cell leukemia with the humanized anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody, MEDI-507. Blood. 2003;102(1):284-288. (Pubitemid 36759666)
82. Tsukasaki K., Maeda T., Arimura K., et al. Poor outcome of autologous stem cell transplantation for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999;23(1):87-89. (Pubitemid 29050184)
83. Phillips A.A., Willim R.D., Savage D.G., et al. A multi-institutional experience of autologous stem cell transplantation in North American patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma suggests ineffective salvage of relapsed patients. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009;50(6):1039-1042.
84. Utsunomiya A., Miyazaki Y., Takatsuka Y., et al. Improved outcome of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001;27(1):15-20. (Pubitemid 32124402)
85. Kami M., Hamaki T., Miyakoshi S., et al. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2003;120(2):304-309. (Pubitemid 36194182)
86. Fukushima T., Miyazaki Y., Honda S., et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provides sustained long-term survival for patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leukemia. 2005;19(5):829-834. (Pubitemid 40663104)
87. Okamura J., Utsunomiya A., Tanosaki R., et al. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation with reduced conditioning intensity as a novel immunotherapy and antiviral therapy for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood. 2005;105(10):4143-4145. (Pubitemid 40656167)
88. Hishizawa M., Kanda J., Utsunomiya A., et al. Transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells for adult T-cell leukemia: A nationwide retrospective study. Blood. 2010;116(8):1369-1376.
89. Gill P.S., Harrington W. Jr, Kaplan M.H., et al. Treatment of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma with a combination of interferon alfa and zidovudine. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(26):1744-1748.
90. Hermine O., Bouscary D., Gessain A., et al. Brief report: Treatment of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma with zidovudine and interferon alfa. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(26):1749-1751.
91. Bazarbachi A., Hermine O. Treatment with a combination of zidovudine and alpha-interferon in naive and pretreated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996;(13 suppl 1):S186-S190
92. White J.D., Wharfe G., Stewart D.M., et al. The combination of zidovudine and interferon alpha-2B in the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001;40(3-4):287-294. (Pubitemid 32401385)
93. Hermine O., Allard I., Levy V., Arnulf B., Gessain A., Bazarbachi A. A prospective phase II clinical trial with the use of zidovudine and interferon-alpha in the acute and lymphoma forms of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Hematol J. 2002;3(6):276-282. (Pubitemid 36163756)
94. Matutes E., Taylor G.P., Cavenagh J., et al. Interferon alpha and zidovudine therapy in adult T-cell leukaemia lymphoma: Response and outcome in 15 patients. Br J Haematol. 2001;113(3):779-784. (Pubitemid 32524403)
95. Ratner L., Harrington W., Feng X., et al. Human T cell leukemia virus reactivation with progression of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(2):e4420.
96. Besson C., Panelatti G., Delaunay C., et al. Treatment of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma by CHOP followed by therapy with antinucleosides, alpha interferon and oral etoposide. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002;43(12):2275-2279. (Pubitemid 35386150)
97. Bazarbachi A., Plumelle Y., Carlos Ramos J., et al. Meta-analysis on the use of zidovudine and interferon-alfa in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma showing improved survival in the leukemic subtypes. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(27):4177-4183.
98. Hermine O., Dombret H., Poupon J., et al. Phase II trial of arsenic trioxide and alpha interferon in patients with relapsed/refractory adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Hematol J. 2004;5(2):130-134. (Pubitemid 38519262)
99. Kchour G., Tarhini M., Kooshyar M.M., et al. Phase 2 study of the efficacy and safety of the combination of arsenic trioxide, interferon alpha, and zidovudine in newly diagnosed chronic adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Blood. 2009;113(26):6528-6532.
100. Ramos J.C., Ruiz P. Jr, Ratner L., et al. IRF-4 and c-Rel expression in antiviral-resistant adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood. 2007;109(7):3060- 3068. (Pubitemid 46482107)
101. Kchour G., Makhoul N.J., Mahmoudi M., et al. Zidovudine and interferon-alpha treatment induces a high response rate and reduces HTLV-1 proviral load and VEGF plasma levels in patients with adult T-cell leukemia from North East Iran. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007;48(2):330-336. (Pubitemid 47007364)
102. Bittencourt A.L., da Gracas Vieira M., Brites C.R., Farre L., Barbosa H.S. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Bahia, Brazil: Analysis of prognostic factors in a group of 70 patients. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;128(5):875-882. (Pubitemid 350134001)
103. Bazarbachi A., El-Sabban M.E., Nasr R., et al. Arsenic trioxide and interferon-alpha synergize to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-transformed cells. Blood. 1999;93(1):278-283. (Pubitemid 29019413)
104. El-Sabban M.E., Nasr R., Dbaibo G., et al. Arsenic-interferon-alpha- triggered apoptosis in HTLV-I- transformed cells is associated with tax down-regulation and reversal of NF-kappa B activation. Blood. 2000;96(8):2849-2855.
105. Mahieux R., Pise-Masison C., Gessain A., et al. Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1- and type 2-infected cells by a caspase-3-dependent mechanism involving Bcl-2 cleavage. Blood. 2001;98(13):3762- 3769.
106. Nasr R., Rosenwald A., El-Sabban M.E., et al. Arsenic/interferon specifically reverses 2 distinct gene networks critical for the survival of HTLV-1- infected leukemic cells. Blood. 2003;101(11): 4576-4582. (Pubitemid 36857830)
107. El Hajj H., El-Sabban M., Hasegawa H., et al. Therapy-induced selective loss of leukemia-initiating activity in murine adult T cell leukemia. J Exp Med. 2010;207(13):2785-2792.
108. Hodson A., Montoto S., Mir N., et al. Addition of anti-viral therapy to chemotherapy improves overall survival in acute and lymphomatous adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). American Society of Hematology. Florida, USA; 2010.
109. Shimoyama M. Treatment of patients with adult T-cell leukemialymphoma: An overview. In: Takatsuki K, Hinuma Y, Yoshida M, eds. Advances in Adult T-Cell Leukemia and HTLV-I Research. Vol. 39. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press; 1992;43-56.
110. Datta A., Bellon M., Sinha-Datta U., et al. Persistent inhibition of telomerase reprograms adult T-cell leukemia to p53-dependent senescence. Blood. 2006;108(3):1021-1029. (Pubitemid 44154640)
111. Tsukasaki K., Utsunomiya A., Fukuda H., et al. VCAP-AMP-VECP compared with biweekly CHOP for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG9801. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(34):5458-5464. (Pubitemid 350232223)