메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 1099-1108

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: Recent developments

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANTIMONY GLUCONATE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GAMMA INTERFERON RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G1; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G3; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; MILTEFOSINE; NYSTATIN; PENTAMIDINE; RIFAMPICIN; STIBOGLUCONATE SODIUM; TERBINAFINE; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 1; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 3; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

EID: 80051881079     PISSN: 00119059     EISSN: 13654632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04925.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0028946503 scopus 로고
    • Indian kala-azar caused by Leishmania tropica
    • Sacks DL, Kenney RT, Kreutzer RD, et al. Indian kala-azar caused by Leishmania tropica. Lancet 1995; 345: 959-961.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 959-961
    • Sacks, D.L.1    Kenney, R.T.2    Kreutzer, R.D.3
  • 2
    • 0001414689 scopus 로고
    • A new form of cutaneous leishmaniasis-dermal leishmanoid
    • Brahmachari UN. A new form of cutaneous leishmaniasis-dermal leishmanoid. Ind Med Gaz 1922; 57: 125.
    • (1922) Ind Med Gaz , vol.57 , pp. 125
    • Brahmachari, U.N.1
  • 3
    • 0028842286 scopus 로고
    • Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Ramesh V, Mukherjee A. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Int J Dermatol 1995; 34: 85-91.
    • (1995) Int J Dermatol , vol.34 , pp. 85-91
    • Ramesh, V.1    Mukherjee, A.2
  • 4
    • 0035316956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniasis in Sudan: post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Zijlstra EE, El-Hassan AM. Leishmaniasis in Sudan: post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001; 95: S59-S76.
    • (2001) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.95
    • Zijlstra, E.E.1    El-Hassan, A.M.2
  • 6
    • 0042423445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis associated with AIDS
    • Bittencourt A, Silva N, Straatmann A, et al. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis associated with AIDS. Braz J Infect Dis 2002; 6: 313-316.
    • (2002) Braz J Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 313-316
    • Bittencourt, A.1    Silva, N.2    Straatmann, A.3
  • 7
    • 2442524016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve involvement in Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Khandpur S, Ramam M, Sharma VK, et al. Nerve involvement in Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Acta Derm Venereol 2004; 84: 245-246.
    • (2004) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.84 , pp. 245-246
    • Khandpur, S.1    Ramam, M.2    Sharma, V.K.3
  • 8
    • 55849153521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of amphotericin B in the treatment of kala-azar on the incidence of PKDL in Bihar, India
    • Thakur CP, Kumar A, Mitra G, et al. Impact of amphotericin B in the treatment of kala-azar on the incidence of PKDL in Bihar, India. Indian J Med Res 2008; 128: 38-44.
    • (2008) Indian J Med Res , vol.128 , pp. 38-44
    • Thakur, C.P.1    Kumar, A.2    Mitra, G.3
  • 9
    • 0037788397 scopus 로고
    • Kinetoplast and nuclear DNA polymorphism of visceral Leishmania isolates from North-eastern India
    • Singh S, McGwire BS, Chang KP. Kinetoplast and nuclear DNA polymorphism of visceral Leishmania isolates from North-eastern India. J Protozool Res 1995; 5: 27-32.
    • (1995) J Protozool Res , vol.5 , pp. 27-32
    • Singh, S.1    McGwire, B.S.2    Chang, K.P.3
  • 10
    • 33846611430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity among visceral and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis strains from eastern India
    • Dey A, Singh S. Genetic heterogeneity among visceral and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis strains from eastern India. Infect Genet Evol 2007; 7: 219-222.
    • (2007) Infect Genet Evol , vol.7 , pp. 219-222
    • Dey, A.1    Singh, S.2
  • 11
    • 37249044858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic fingerprinting and identification of differentially expressed genes in isolates of Leishmania donovani from Indian patients of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Subbaraju BV, Singh R, Sreenivas G, et al. Genetic fingerprinting and identification of differentially expressed genes in isolates of Leishmania donovani from Indian patients of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2008; 135: 23-32.
    • (2008) Parasitology , vol.135 , pp. 23-32
    • Subbaraju, B.V.1    Singh, R.2    Sreenivas, G.3
  • 12
    • 77949480882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) developing after treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with amphotericin B and miltefosine
    • Kumar D, Ramesh V, Verma S, et al. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) developing after treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with amphotericin B and miltefosine. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2009; 103: 727-730.
    • (2009) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.103 , pp. 727-730
    • Kumar, D.1    Ramesh, V.2    Verma, S.3
  • 13
    • 34247134210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating immune complexes (IC) and IC-induced levels of GM-CSF are increased in Sudanese patients with acute visceral Leishmania donovani infection undergoing sodium stibogluconate treatment: implications for disease pathogenesis
    • Elshafie AI, Ahlin E, Mathsson L, et al. Circulating immune complexes (IC) and IC-induced levels of GM-CSF are increased in Sudanese patients with acute visceral Leishmania donovani infection undergoing sodium stibogluconate treatment: implications for disease pathogenesis. J Immunol 2007; 178: 5383-5389.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 5383-5389
    • Elshafie, A.I.1    Ahlin, E.2    Mathsson, L.3
  • 14
    • 38449097889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-10- and TGF-β-mediated susceptibility in kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: the significance of amphotericin B in the control of Leishmania donovani infection in India
    • Saha S, Mondal S, Ravindran R, et al. IL-10- and TGF-β-mediated susceptibility in kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: the significance of amphotericin B in the control of Leishmania donovani infection in India. J Immunol 2007; 179: 5592-5603.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.179 , pp. 5592-5603
    • Saha, S.1    Mondal, S.2    Ravindran, R.3
  • 15
    • 0033914916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis
    • Zijlstra EE, Khalil EAG, Kager PA, El-Hassan AM. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142: 136-143.
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.142 , pp. 136-143
    • Zijlstra, E.E.1    Khalil, E.A.G.2    Kager, P.A.3    El-Hassan, A.M.4
  • 16
    • 0030828290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B is superior to sodium antimony gluconate in the treatment of Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Thakur CP, Narain S, Kumar N, et al. Amphotericin B is superior to sodium antimony gluconate in the treatment of Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1997; 91: 611-616.
    • (1997) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.91 , pp. 611-616
    • Thakur, C.P.1    Narain, S.2    Kumar, N.3
  • 17
    • 0027159096 scopus 로고
    • In vivo cytokine profiles in patients with kala-azar: marked elevation of both interleukin-10 and IFN-γ
    • Karp CL, el-Safi SH, Wynn TA, et al. In vivo cytokine profiles in patients with kala-azar: marked elevation of both interleukin-10 and IFN-γ. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 1644-1648.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.91 , pp. 1644-1648
    • Karp, C.L.1    el-Safi, S.H.2    Wynn, T.A.3
  • 18
    • 0021075679 scopus 로고
    • Cell-mediated immune response in Indian kala azar and post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Haldar JP, Ghose S, Saha KC, Ghosei AC. Cell-mediated immune response in Indian kala azar and post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 1983; 42: 702-707.
    • (1983) Infect Immun , vol.42 , pp. 702-707
    • Haldar, J.P.1    Ghose, S.2    Saha, K.C.3    Ghosei, A.C.4
  • 19
    • 0031930486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of plasma IL-10 and expression of IL-10 by keratinocytes during visceral leishmaniasis predict subsequent development of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Gasim S, El Hassan AM, Khalil EA, et al. High levels of plasma IL-10 and expression of IL-10 by keratinocytes during visceral leishmaniasis predict subsequent development of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 111: 64-69.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.111 , pp. 64-69
    • Gasim, S.1    El Hassan, A.M.2    Khalil, E.A.3
  • 20
    • 16544373277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymorphism assay distinguishes isolates of Leishmania donovani that cause kala-azar from those that cause post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in humans
    • Sreenivas G, Raju SBV, Singh R, et al. DNA polymorphism assay distinguishes isolates of Leishmania donovani that cause kala-azar from those that cause post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in humans. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 1739-1741.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 1739-1741
    • Sreenivas, G.1    Raju, S.B.V.2    Singh, R.3
  • 21
    • 0035173414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology and population genetics in Leishmania
    • Schonian G, El Fari M, Lewin S, et al. Molecular epidemiology and population genetics in Leishmania. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 2001; 190: 61-63.
    • (2001) Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) , vol.190 , pp. 61-63
    • Schonian, G.1    El Fari, M.2    Lewin, S.3
  • 22
    • 33646066009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of surface proteins in Leishmania donovani isolated from patients of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Salotra P, Duncan RC, Singh R, et al. Upregulation of surface proteins in Leishmania donovani isolated from patients of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Microbes Infect 2006; 8: 637-644.
    • (2006) Microbes Infect , vol.8 , pp. 637-644
    • Salotra, P.1    Duncan, R.C.2    Singh, R.3
  • 23
    • 20144365646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmania promastigote membrane antigen based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting for differential diagnosis of Indian post-kalaazar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Saha S, Mazumdar T, Anam K, et al. Leishmania promastigote membrane antigen based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting for differential diagnosis of Indian post-kalaazar dermal leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 1269-1277.
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 1269-1277
    • Saha, S.1    Mazumdar, T.2    Anam, K.3
  • 24
    • 46349093658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased levels of interleukin-10 and IgG3 are hallmarks of Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Ganguly S, Das NK, Panja M, et al. Increased levels of interleukin-10 and IgG3 are hallmarks of Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 2008; 197: 1762-1771.
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.197 , pp. 1762-1771
    • Ganguly, S.1    Das, N.K.2    Panja, M.3
  • 25
    • 55449111044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for involvement of TNFR1 and TIMPs in pathogenesis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Ansari NA, Katara GK, Ramesh V, Salotra P. Evidence for involvement of TNFR1 and TIMPs in pathogenesis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 154: 391-398.
    • (2008) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 391-398
    • Ansari, N.A.1    Katara, G.K.2    Ramesh, V.3    Salotra, P.4
  • 26
    • 0028855894 scopus 로고
    • IL-10 inhibits metalloproteinase and stimulates TIMP-1 production in human mononuclear phagocytes
    • Lacraz S, Nicod LP, Chicheportiche R, et al. IL-10 inhibits metalloproteinase and stimulates TIMP-1 production in human mononuclear phagocytes. J Clin Invest 1995; 6: 2304-2310.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.6 , pp. 2304-2310
    • Lacraz, S.1    Nicod, L.P.2    Chicheportiche, R.3
  • 27
    • 0035071646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in monocytes
    • Vaday GG, Schor H, Rahat MA, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69: 613-621.
    • (2001) J Leukoc Biol , vol.69 , pp. 613-621
    • Vaday, G.G.1    Schor, H.2    Rahat, M.A.3
  • 28
    • 0025611233 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy of Leishmania. Use of isoenzymes. Suggestions for a new classification
    • Rioux JA, Lanotte G, Serres E, et al. Taxonomy of Leishmania. Use of isoenzymes. Suggestions for a new classification. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 1990; 65: 111-125.
    • (1990) Ann Parasitol Hum Comp , vol.65 , pp. 111-125
    • Rioux, J.A.1    Lanotte, G.2    Serres, E.3
  • 29
    • 0034963087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudan: the possible original focus of visceral leishmaniasis
    • Pratlong F, Dereure J, Bucheton B, et al. Sudan: the possible original focus of visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2001; 122: 599-605.
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.122 , pp. 599-605
    • Pratlong, F.1    Dereure, J.2    Bucheton, B.3
  • 30
    • 0035083343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis with the recombinant k39 strip test: experience from the Sudan
    • Zijlstra EE, Nur Y, Desjeux P, et al. Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis with the recombinant k39 strip test: experience from the Sudan. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 108-113.
    • (2001) Trop Med Int Health , vol.6 , pp. 108-113
    • Zijlstra, E.E.1    Nur, Y.2    Desjeux, P.3
  • 31
    • 42649130027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and characterization of a recombinant kinesin antigen from an old Indian strain (DD8) of Leishmania donovani and comparing it with a commercially available antigen from a newly isolated (KE16) strain of L. donovani
    • Sivakumar R, Dey A, Sharma P, Singh S. Expression and characterization of a recombinant kinesin antigen from an old Indian strain (DD8) of Leishmania donovani and comparing it with a commercially available antigen from a newly isolated (KE16) strain of L. donovani. Infect Genet Evol 2008; 8: 313-322.
    • (2008) Infect Genet Evol , vol.8 , pp. 313-322
    • Sivakumar, R.1    Dey, A.2    Sharma, P.3    Singh, S.4
  • 32
    • 0034154972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of Leishmania parasites in skin lesions of Indian post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases
    • Sharma MC, Gupta AK, Verma N, et al. Demonstration of Leishmania parasites in skin lesions of Indian post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases. J Commun Dis 2000; 32: 67-68.
    • (2000) J Commun Dis , vol.32 , pp. 67-68
    • Sharma, M.C.1    Gupta, A.K.2    Verma, N.3
  • 33
    • 0031907422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nodular post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a distinct histopathological entity
    • Singh N, Ramesh V, Arora VK, et al. Nodular post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a distinct histopathological entity. J Cutan Pathol 1998; 25: 95-99.
    • (1998) J Cutan Pathol , vol.25 , pp. 95-99
    • Singh, N.1    Ramesh, V.2    Arora, V.K.3
  • 34
    • 0242708727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of parasite antigen, correlation of parasite density and inflammation in skin lesions of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Beena KR, Ramesh V, Mukherjee A. Identification of parasite antigen, correlation of parasite density and inflammation in skin lesions of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Cutan Pathol 2003; 30: 616-620.
    • (2003) J Cutan Pathol , vol.30 , pp. 616-620
    • Beena, K.R.1    Ramesh, V.2    Mukherjee, A.3
  • 35
    • 0014276292 scopus 로고
    • Observation on dermal leishmanoid in Bihar
    • Singh RP. Observation on dermal leishmanoid in Bihar. Indian J Dermatol 1968; 13: 59-63.
    • (1968) Indian J Dermatol , vol.13 , pp. 59-63
    • Singh, R.P.1
  • 36
    • 0036100331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting kala-azar disease manifestations in asymptomatic patients with latent Leishmania donovani infection by detection of antibody against recombinant K39 antigen
    • Singh S, Kumari V, Singh N. Predicting kala-azar disease manifestations in asymptomatic patients with latent Leishmania donovani infection by detection of antibody against recombinant K39 antigen. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002; 9: 568-572.
    • (2002) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 568-572
    • Singh, S.1    Kumari, V.2    Singh, N.3
  • 37
    • 0038075384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of ELISAs based on ten recombinant or purified Leishmania antigens for the serodiagnosis of mediterrean visceral lesihmaniasis
    • Maalej IA, Chenik M, Louzir H, et al. Comparative evaluation of ELISAs based on ten recombinant or purified Leishmania antigens for the serodiagnosis of mediterrean visceral lesihmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68: 312-320.
    • (2003) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.68 , pp. 312-320
    • Maalej, I.A.1    Chenik, M.2    Louzir, H.3
  • 38
    • 19144373221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • rK39: a cloned antigen of Leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis
    • Badaro R, Benson D, Eulalio MC, et al. rK39: a cloned antigen of Leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 1996; 173: 758-761.
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 758-761
    • Badaro, R.1    Benson, D.2    Eulalio, M.C.3
  • 39
    • 0029585893 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic value of K39 recombinant antigen in Indian leishmaniasis
    • Singh S, Gilman-Sachs A, Chang KP, Reed SG. Diagnostic and prognostic value of K39 recombinant antigen in Indian leishmaniasis. J Parasitol 1995; 81: 1000-1003.
    • (1995) J Parasitol , vol.81 , pp. 1000-1003
    • Singh, S.1    Gilman-Sachs, A.2    Chang, K.P.3    Reed, S.G.4
  • 40
    • 0031949223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cloned antigen (recombinant K39) of Leishmania chagasi diagnostic for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients and a prognostic indicator for monitoring patients undergoing drug therapy
    • Houghton RL, Petrescu M, Benson DR, et al. A cloned antigen (recombinant K39) of Leishmania chagasi diagnostic for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients and a prognostic indicator for monitoring patients undergoing drug therapy. J Infect Dis 1998; 177: 1339-1344.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.177 , pp. 1339-1344
    • Houghton, R.L.1    Petrescu, M.2    Benson, D.R.3
  • 41
    • 15444369728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of molecular methods for Leishmania control
    • Singh S, Dey A, Sivakumar R. Applications of molecular methods for Leishmania control. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2005; 5: 251-265.
    • (2005) Expert Rev Mol Diagn , vol.5 , pp. 251-265
    • Singh, S.1    Dey, A.2    Sivakumar, R.3
  • 42
    • 0029974664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactivity of various Leishmanial antigens in a direct agglutination test and their value in differentiating post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis from leprosy and other skin conditions
    • Harith AE, Chowdhury S, Al-Masum A, et al. Reactivity of various Leishmanial antigens in a direct agglutination test and their value in differentiating post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis from leprosy and other skin conditions. J Med Microbiol 1996; 44: 141-146.
    • (1996) J Med Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 141-146
    • Harith, A.E.1    Chowdhury, S.2    Al-Masum, A.3
  • 44
    • 15444381311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nested PCR assay for detection of Leishmania donovani in slit aspirates from post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis lesions
    • Sreenivas G, Ansari NA, Kataria J, Salotra P. Nested PCR assay for detection of Leishmania donovani in slit aspirates from post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis lesions. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 1777-1778.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 1777-1778
    • Sreenivas, G.1    Ansari, N.A.2    Kataria, J.3    Salotra, P.4
  • 45
    • 0031957199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of PCR for diagnosis of post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Osman OF, Oskam L, Kroon NC, et al. Use of PCR for diagnosis of post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 1621-1624.
    • (1998) J Clin Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 1621-1624
    • Osman, O.F.1    Oskam, L.2    Kroon, N.C.3
  • 46
    • 8644249686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA by a real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity
    • Mary C, Faraut F, Lascombe L, Dumon H. Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA by a real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 5249-5255.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 5249-5255
    • Mary, C.1    Faraut, F.2    Lascombe, L.3    Dumon, H.4
  • 47
    • 10744225139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time PCR assay for clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis
    • Bossolasco S, Gaiera G, Olchini D, et al. Real-time PCR assay for clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 5080-5084.
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 5080-5084
    • Bossolasco, S.1    Gaiera, G.2    Olchini, D.3
  • 48
    • 12444312915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection, differentiation, and quantitation of pathogenic Leishmania organisms by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time PCR assay
    • Schulz A, Mellenthin K, Schonian G, et al. Detection, differentiation, and quantitation of pathogenic Leishmania organisms by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 1529-1535.
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 1529-1535
    • Schulz, A.1    Mellenthin, K.2    Schonian, G.3
  • 49
    • 27744521261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based assay as a new molecular tool for detection and quantification of Leishmania parasites in skin biopsy samples
    • Van der Meide WF, Schoone GJ, Faber WR, et al. Quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based assay as a new molecular tool for detection and quantification of Leishmania parasites in skin biopsy samples. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 5560-5566.
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 5560-5566
    • Van der Meide, W.F.1    Schoone, G.J.2    Faber, W.R.3
  • 50
    • 0038637208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct identification of Leishmania species in biopsies from patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis
    • Victoir K, de Doncker S, Cabrera L, et al. Direct identification of Leishmania species in biopsies from patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2003; 97: 80-87.
    • (2003) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.97 , pp. 80-87
    • Victoir, K.1    de Doncker, S.2    Cabrera, L.3
  • 51
    • 0025909913 scopus 로고
    • A cloned kinetoplast DNA mini-circle fragment from a Leishmania spp. specific for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis strains
    • Das Gupta S, Ghosh DK, Majumder HK. A cloned kinetoplast DNA mini-circle fragment from a Leishmania spp. specific for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis strains. Parasitology 1991; 102: 187-191.
    • (1991) Parasitology , vol.102 , pp. 187-191
    • Das Gupta, S.1    Ghosh, D.K.2    Majumder, H.K.3
  • 52
    • 0036976311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of Sudanese post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: clinical, immunological and prognostic features
    • Musa AM, Khalil EAG, Raheem MA, et al. The natural history of Sudanese post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: clinical, immunological and prognostic features. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2002; 96: 765-772.
    • (2002) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.96 , pp. 765-772
    • Musa, A.M.1    Khalil, E.A.G.2    Raheem, M.A.3
  • 53
    • 0025072705 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of prolonged therapy with stibogluconate in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Thakur CP, Kumar K. Efficacy of prolonged therapy with stibogluconate in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Indian J Med Res 1990; 91: 144-148.
    • (1990) Indian J Med Res , vol.91 , pp. 144-148
    • Thakur, C.P.1    Kumar, K.2
  • 54
    • 0021156116 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of bihar kala-azar (including post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis)
    • Thakur CP. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of bihar kala-azar (including post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis). Trans R Soc Trop Med 1984; 78: 391-398.
    • (1984) Trans R Soc Trop Med , vol.78 , pp. 391-398
    • Thakur, C.P.1
  • 55
    • 0026604999 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ketoconazole in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Ramesh V, Saxena U, Misra RS. Efficacy of ketoconazole in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Arch Dermatol 1992; 128: 411-412.
    • (1992) Arch Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 411-412
    • Ramesh, V.1    Saxena, U.2    Misra, R.S.3
  • 56
    • 0021847112 scopus 로고
    • Dermal leishmaniasis after kala-azar infection: successful treatment with rifampin
    • Saha SK. Dermal leishmaniasis after kala-azar infection: successful treatment with rifampin. Cutis 1985; 36: 81-82.
    • (1985) Cutis , vol.36 , pp. 81-82
    • Saha, S.K.1
  • 57
    • 0030054626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allopurinol therapy in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Ramesh V. Allopurinol therapy in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Acta Derm Venereol 1996; 76: 328-329.
    • (1996) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.76 , pp. 328-329
    • Ramesh, V.1
  • 58
    • 0029927406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of a combination of two antifungal drugs, terbinafine and itraconazole, in Sudanese post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Khalil EAG, Nur NM, Zijlstra EE, et al. Failure of a combination of two antifungal drugs, terbinafine and itraconazole, in Sudanese post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 187-188.
    • (1996) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.90 , pp. 187-188
    • Khalil, E.A.G.1    Nur, N.M.2    Zijlstra, E.E.3
  • 59
    • 37349095000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral miltefosine in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • Ramesh V, Ansari NA, Jain RK, Salotra P. Oral miltefosine in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008; 33: 103-105.
    • (2008) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.33 , pp. 103-105
    • Ramesh, V.1    Ansari, N.A.2    Jain, R.K.3    Salotra, P.4
  • 60
    • 0032976137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment with hexadecylphosphocholine (Miltex R) efficiently reduces parasite burden in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Schmidt-Ott R, Klenner T, Overath P, Aebischer T. Topical treatment with hexadecylphosphocholine (Miltex R) efficiently reduces parasite burden in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 85-90.
    • (1999) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.93 , pp. 85-90
    • Schmidt-Ott, R.1    Klenner, T.2    Overath, P.3    Aebischer, T.4
  • 61
    • 36549028707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunochemotherapy of persistent post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a novel approach to treatment
    • Musa AM, Khalil EA, Mahgoub FA, et al. Immunochemotherapy of persistent post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a novel approach to treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102: 58-63.
    • (2008) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.102 , pp. 58-63
    • Musa, A.M.1    Khalil, E.A.2    Mahgoub, F.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.