메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 92, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 771-783

Comparison of noninvasive genetic and camera-trapping techniques for surveying snow leopards

Author keywords

abundance; Gobi Desert; microsatellites; Mongolia; monitoring; Panthera uncial; population survey; scat

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENDANGERED SPECIES; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ESTIMATION METHOD; FELID; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC MARKER; INVASIVE SPECIES; LINEARITY; LOGISTICS; MOUNTAIN REGION; PHOTOGRAPHY; POPULATION SIZE; SECRETION; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES CONSERVATION; SURVEY; TERRAIN; VIDEOGRAPHY;

EID: 80051880581     PISSN: 00222372     EISSN: 15451542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-036.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (87)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 2642589066 scopus 로고
    • Marking in free-ranging snow leopards in west Nepal: A preliminary assessment
    • (H Freeman, ed.). International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
    • AHLBORN, G., AND R. JACKSON. 1988. Marking in free-ranging snow leopards in west Nepal: a preliminary assessment. Pp. 25-49 in Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium (H. Freeman, ed.). International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India.
    • (1988) Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium , pp. 25-49
    • Ahlborn, G.1    Jackson, R.2
  • 2
    • 33847686757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal
    • DOI 10.1017/S0030605307001585, PII S0030605307001585
    • ALE, S. B., P. YONZON, AND K. THAPA. 2007. Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmantha (Mount Everest). Oryx 41:89-92. (Pubitemid 46364648)
    • (2007) ORYX , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-92
    • Ale, S.B.1    Yonzon, P.2    Thapa, K.3
  • 7
    • 79951769581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of rainfall variability and grazing pressure on plant diversity in Mongolian grasslands
    • CHENG, Y., M. TSUBO, T. Y. ITO, E. NISHIHARA, AND M. SHINODA. 2011. Impact of rainfall variability and grazing pressure on plant diversity in Mongolian grasslands. Journal of Arid Environments 75:471-476.
    • (2011) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.75 , pp. 471-476
    • Cheng, Y.1    Tsubo, M.2    Ito, T.Y.3    Nishihara, E.4    Shinoda, M.5
  • 8
    • 0036278761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin of faeces: Morphological versus molecular methods for surveying rare carnivores from their scats
    • DOI 10.1017/S0952836902000730
    • DAVISON, A., J. D. S. BIRKS, R. C. BROOKES, T. C. BRAITHEWAITE, AND J. E. MESSENGER. 2002. On the origin of faeces: morphological versus molecular methods for surveying rare carnivores from their scats. Journal of Zoology (London) 257:141-143. (Pubitemid 34629757)
    • (2002) Journal of Zoology , vol.257 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-143
    • Davison, A.1    Birks, J.D.S.2    Brookes, R.C.3    Braithwaite, T.C.4    Messenger, J.E.5
  • 9
    • 48249108385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocelot home range, overlap and density: Comparing radio telemetry with camera-trapping
    • DILLON, A., AND M. J. KELLY. 2008. Ocelot home range, overlap and density: comparing radio telemetry with camera-trapping. Journal of Zoology (London) 275:391-398.
    • (2008) Journal of Zoology (London) , vol.275 , pp. 391-398
    • Dillon, A.1    Kelly, M.J.2
  • 10
    • 0038040719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: The forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01822.x
    • EGGERT, L., J. EGGERT, AND D. WOODRUFF. 2003. Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana. Molecular Ecology 12:1389-1402. (Pubitemid 36708447)
    • (2003) Molecular Ecology , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 1389-1402
    • Eggert, L.S.1    Eggert, J.A.2    Woodruff, D.S.3
  • 11
    • 0033781884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary separation of sympatric carnivores identified by molecular analysis of scats
    • FARRELL, L. E., J. ROMAN, AND M. E. SUNQUIST. 2000. Dietary separation of sympatric carnivores identified by molecular analysis of scats. Molecular Ecology 9:1583-1590.
    • (2000) Molecular Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 1583-1590
    • Farrell, L.E.1    Roman, J.2    Sunquist, M.E.3
  • 13
    • 33745034535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations to assess the performance of different rarefaction methods in estimating population size using small datasets
    • DOI 10.1007/s10592-006-9125-x
    • FRANTZ, A. C., AND T. J. ROPER. 2006. Simulations to assess the performance of different rarefaction methods in estimating population size using small datasets. Conservation Genetics 7:315-318. (Pubitemid 43873286)
    • (2006) Conservation Genetics , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 315-318
    • Frantz, A.C.1    Roper, T.J.2
  • 14
    • 33644969412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of private lands for ocelot Leopardus pardalis conservation in the United States
    • HAINES, A. M., J. E. JANEC ? KA, M. E. TEWES, L. I. GRASSMAN, AND P. MORTON. 2006. The importance of private lands for ocelot Leopardus pardalis conservation in the United States. Oryx 40:1-5.
    • (2006) Oryx , vol.40 , pp. 1-5
    • Haines, A.M.1    Janecka, J.E.2    Tewes, M.E.3    Grassman, L.I.4    Morton, P.5
  • 15
    • 70349860034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsampling photographic capture-recapture data of tigers (Panthera tigris) to minimize closure violation and improve estimate precision: A case study
    • HARIHAR, A., B. PANDAV, AND S. K. GYAL. 2009. Subsampling photographic capture-recapture data of tigers (Panthera tigris) to minimize closure violation and improve estimate precision: a case study. Population Biology 51:471-479.
    • (2009) Population Biology , vol.51 , pp. 471-479
    • Harihar, A.1    Pandav, B.2    Gyal, S.K.3
  • 16
    • 18544375452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status of the snow leopard in Pakistan and its conflict with local farmers
    • DOI 10.1017/S0030605303000085
    • HUSSAIN, S. 2003. The status of snow leopard in Pakistan and its conflict with local farmers. Oryx 37:26-33. (Pubitemid 43142351)
    • (2003) ORYX , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-33
    • Hussain, S.1
  • 18
    • 0024876611 scopus 로고
    • Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Nepal: Home range and movements
    • JACKSON, R., AND G. AHLBORN. 1989. Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Nepal: home range and movements. National Geographic Research 5:161-175.
    • (1989) National Geographic Research , vol.5 , pp. 161-175
    • Jackson, R.1    Ahlborn, G.2
  • 19
    • 33751247312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow leopard conservation: Accomplishments and research priorities
    • (R. Jackson and A. Ahmad, eds.). International Snow Leopard Trust and WWF-Pakistan, Seattle, Washington
    • JACKSON, R., AND J. L. FOX. 1997. Snow leopard conservation: accomplishments and research priorities. Pp. 128-145 in Proceedings of the 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium (R. Jackson and A. Ahmad, eds.). International Snow Leopard Trust and WWF-Pakistan, Seattle, Washington.
    • (1997) Proceedings of the 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium , pp. 128-145
    • Jackson, R.1    Fox, J.L.2
  • 22
    • 33751226902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques
    • DOI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2
    • JACKSON, R., J. D. ROE, R. WANGCHUK, AND D. O. HUNTER. 2006. Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34:772-781. (Pubitemid 44784513)
    • (2006) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 772-781
    • Jackson, R.M.1    Roe, J.D.2    Wangchuk, R.3    Hunter, D.O.4
  • 23
    • 54049129691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population monitoring of snow leopards using noninvasive collection of scat samples: A pilot study
    • JANEC?KA, J. E., ET AL. 2008. Population monitoring of snow leopards using noninvasive collection of scat samples: a pilot study. Animal Conservation 11:401-411.
    • (2008) Animal Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 401-411
    • Janecka, J.E.1
  • 24
    • 14044275554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of tiger densities in the tropical dry forests of Panna, Central India, using photographic capture-recapture sampling
    • DOI 10.1017/S1367943004001477
    • KARANTH, K. U., R. S. CHUNDAWAT, J. D. NICHOLS, AND N. S. KUMAR. 2004. Estimation of tiger densities in the tropical dry forests of Panna, Central India, using photographic capture-recapture sampling. Animal Conservation 7:285-290. (Pubitemid 40281136)
    • (2004) Animal Conservation , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-290
    • Karanth, K.U.1    Chundawat, R.S.2    Nichols, J.D.3    Kumar, N.S.4
  • 25
    • 0032406368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures
    • KARANTH, K. U., AND J. D. NICHOLS. 1998. Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures. Ecology 79:2852-2862. (Pubitemid 29000644)
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , Issue.8 , pp. 2852-2862
    • Karanth, K.U.1    Nichols, J.D.2
  • 28
    • 71049115178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: The return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park
    • LOVARI, S., ETAL. 2009. Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park. Animal Conservation 12:559-570.
    • (2009) Animal Conservation , vol.12 , pp. 559-570
    • Lovari, S.1
  • 29
    • 66749146380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scat detection dogs
    • (R. Long, P. Mackay, J. Ray, and W. Zielinski, eds.) Island Press, Washington, D.C
    • MACKAY, P., D. A. SMITH, R. LONG, AND M. PARKER. 2008. Scat detection dogs. Pp. 183-222 in Noninvasive survey methods for carnivores (R. Long, P. Mackay, J. Ray, and W. Zielinski, eds.). Island Press, Washington, D.C.
    • (2008) Noninvasive Survey Methods for Carnivores , pp. 183-222
    • MacKay, P.1    Smith, D.A.2    Long, R.3    Parker, M.4
  • 30
    • 38149000746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How small is too small? Camera trap survey areas and density estimates for ocelots in the Bolivian Chaco
    • MAFFEI, L., AND N. J. NOSS. 2008. How small is too small? Camera trap survey areas and density estimates for ocelots in the Bolivian Chaco. Biotropica 40:71-75.
    • (2008) Biotropica , vol.40 , pp. 71-75
    • Maffei, L.1    Noss, N.J.2
  • 31
    • 0026080252 scopus 로고
    • Status and conservation of large mammals in Ladakh
    • MALLON, D. P. 1991. Status and conservation of large mammals in Ladakh. Biological Conservation 56:110-119.
    • (1991) Biological Conservation , vol.56 , pp. 110-119
    • Mallon, D.P.1
  • 35
    • 17644378423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movements and activities of snow leopards in Southwestern Mongolia
    • DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.003
    • MCCARTHY, T. M., T. K. FULLER, AND B. MUNKHTSOG. 2005. Movements and activities of snow leopards in southwestern Mongolia. Biological Conservation 124:527-537. (Pubitemid 40560973)
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.124 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-537
    • McCarthy, T.M.1    Fuller, T.K.2    Munkhtsog, B.3
  • 36
    • 54049138194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary assessment of snow leopard sign surveys in Mongolia
    • (R. Jackson and A. Ahmad, eds.). International Snow Leopard Trust and WWF- Pakistan, Seattle, Washington
    • MCCARTHY, T. M., AND B. MUNKHTSOG. 1997. Preliminary assessment of snow leopard sign surveys in Mongolia. Pp. 57-65 in Eighth International Snow Leopard Symposium (R. Jackson and A. Ahmad, eds.). International Snow Leopard Trust and WWF- Pakistan, Seattle, Washington.
    • (1997) Eighth International Snow Leopard Symposium , pp. 57-65
    • McCarthy, T.M.1    Munkhtsog, B.2
  • 38
    • 20144371320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for estimating the size of small populations from genetic mark-recapture data
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02577.x
    • MILLER, C. R., P. JOYCE, AND L. P. WAITS. 2005. A new method for estimating the size of small populations from genetic mark- recapture data. Molecular Ecology 14:1991-2005. (Pubitemid 40772418)
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 1991-2005
    • Miller, C.R.1    Joyce, P.2    Waits, L.P.3
  • 39
    • 33751348821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality indexes to assess the reliability of genotypes in studies using noninvasive sampling and multiple-tube approach
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01413.x
    • MIQUEL, C., E. BELLEMAIN, C. POILLOT, J. BESSIèRE, A. DURAND, AND P. TABERLET. 2006. Quality indexes to asses the reliability of genotypes in studies using noninvasive sampling and multipletube approach. Molecular Ecology Notes 6:985-988. (Pubitemid 44807920)
    • (2006) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 985-988
    • Miquel, C.1    Bellemain, E.2    Poillot, C.3    Bessiere, J.4    Durand, A.5    Taberlet, P.6
  • 41
    • 0033427515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive conservation of sex chromosome organization between cat and human revealed by parallel radiation hybrid mapping
    • DOI 10.1101/gr.9.12.1223
    • MURPHY, W. J., S. SUN, Z. Q. CHEN, J. PECON-SLATTERY, AND S. J. OBRIEN. 1999. Extensive conservation of sex chromosome organization between cat and human revealed by parallel radiation hybrid mapping. Genome Research 9:1223-1230. (Pubitemid 30042506)
    • (1999) Genome Research , vol.9 , Issue.12 , pp. 1223-1230
    • Murphy, W.J.1    Sun, S.2    Chen, Z.-Q.3    Pecon-Slattery, J.4    O'Brien, S.J.5
  • 43
    • 0001722949 scopus 로고
    • Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations
    • OTIS, D. L., K. P. BURNHAM, G. C. WHITE, AND D. R. ANDERSON. 1978. Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations. Wildlife Monographs 62:1-135.
    • (1978) Wildlife Monographs , vol.62 , pp. 1-135
    • Otis, D.L.1    Burnham, K.P.2    White, G.C.3    Anderson, D.R.4
  • 44
    • 0028519167 scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite analysis of genetic variation in black bear populations
    • PAETKAU, D., AND C. STROBECK. 1994. Microsatellite analysis of genetic-variation in black bear populations. Molecular Ecology 3:489-495. (Pubitemid 2152897)
    • (1994) Molecular Ecology , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 489-495
    • Paetkau, D.1    Strobeck, C.2
  • 45
    • 33644871292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GENALEX 6: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x
    • PEAKALL, R., AND P. E. SMOUSE. 2006. GENEALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes 6:288-295. (Pubitemid 43373825)
    • (2006) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 288-295
    • Peakall, R.1    Smouse, P.E.2
  • 46
    • 33749147850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critically Endangered Arabian leopards Panthera pardus nimr in Israel: Estimating population parameters using molecular scatology
    • DOI 10.1017/S0030605306000846, PII S0030605306000846
    • PEREZ, I., E. GEFFEN, AND O. MOKADY. 2006. Critically endangered Arabian leopards Panthera pardus nimr in Israel: estimating population parameters using molecular scatology. Oryx 40:295-301. (Pubitemid 44469457)
    • (2006) ORYX , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-301
    • Perez, I.1    Geffen, E.2    Mokady, O.3
  • 48
    • 0000625869 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing tables of statistical tests
    • RICE, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 223-225
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 49
    • 61349162966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating bobcat population sizes and densities in a fragmented urban landscape using noninvasive capture-recapture sampling
    • RUELL, E. W., S. P. RILEY, M. R. DOUGLAS, J. P. POLLINGER, AND K. R. CROOKS. 2009. Estimating bobcat population sizes and densities in a fragmented urban landscape using noninvasive capture-recapture sampling. Journal of Mammalogy 90:129-135.
    • (2009) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.90 , pp. 129-135
    • Ruell, E.W.1    Riley, S.P.2    Douglas, M.R.3    Pollinger, J.P.4    Crooks, K.R.5
  • 50
    • 84974466020 scopus 로고
    • The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China
    • SCHALLER, G. B., H. LI, T. REN, AND M. QIU. 1987. The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China. Oryx 22:197-204.
    • (1987) Oryx , vol.22 , pp. 197-204
    • Schaller, G.B.1    Li, H.2    Ren, T.3    Qiu, M.4
  • 51
    • 0024231672 scopus 로고
    • Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces, China
    • SCHALLER, G. B., J. R. REN, AND M. J. QIU. 1988. Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Qinghai and Gansu provinces, China. Biological Conservation 45:179-194. (Pubitemid 19322262)
    • (1988) Biological Conservation , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-194
    • Schaller, G.B.1    Ren Junrang2    Qiu Mingjiang3
  • 52
    • 33845599911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic monitoring as a promising tool for conservation and management
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.009, PII S0169534706002722
    • SCHWARTZ, M. K., G. LUIKART, AND R. S. WAPLES. 2007. Genetic monitoring as a promising tool for conservation and management. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22:25-33. (Pubitemid 44959168)
    • (2007) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-33
    • Schwartz, M.K.1    Luikart, G.2    Waples, R.S.3
  • 54
    • 33644917967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the density of a jaguar population in the Brazilian Pantanal using camera-traps and capture-recapture sampling in combination with GPS radio-telemetry
    • DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.11.023, PII S0006320705005033
    • SOISALO, M. K., AND S. M. C. CAVALCANTI. 2006. Estimating the density of a jaguar population in the Brazilian Pantanal using camera-traps and capture-recapture sampling in combination with GPS radio-telemetry. Biological Conservation 129:487-496. (Pubitemid 43384167)
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.129 , Issue.4 , pp. 487-496
    • Soisalo, M.K.1    Cavalcanti, S.M.C.2
  • 57
    • 80051888594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population and status of snow leopards Uncia uncia (Felidae, Carnivora) in the western Sayan mountain range
    • SUBBOTIN, A. E., AND S. V. ISTOMOV. 2009. The population and status of snow leopards Uncia uncia (Felidae, Carnivora) in the western Sayan mountain range. General Biology 6:846-849.
    • (2009) General Biology , vol.6 , pp. 846-849
    • Subbotin, A.E.1    Istomov, S.V.2
  • 60
    • 0037708421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of ocelot density in the pantanal using capture-recapture analysis of camera-trapping data
    • DOI 10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0607:EOODIT>2.0.CO;2
    • TROLLE, M., AND M. KERY. 2003. Estimation of ocelot density in the Pantanal using capture-recapture analysis of camera-trapping data. Journal of Mammalogy 84:607-614. (Pubitemid 36689371)
    • (2003) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 607-614
    • Trolle, M.1    Kery, M.2
  • 61
    • 0036734955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GIMLET: A computer program for analysing genetic individual identification data
    • VALIERE, N. 2002. GIMLET: a computer program for analysing genetic individual identification data. Molecular Ecology Notes 2: 377-379.
    • (2002) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.2 , pp. 377-379
    • Valiere, N.1
  • 62
    • 33847377061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A select panel of polymorphic microsatellite loci for individual identification of snow leopards (Panthera uncia): Primer note
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01591.x
    • WAITS, L. P., V. A. BUCKLEY-BEASON, W. E. JOHNSON, D. ONORATO, AND T. MCCARTHY. 2007. A select panel of polymorphic microsatellite loci for individual identification of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). Molecular Ecology Notes 7:311-314. (Pubitemid 46339153)
    • (2007) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-314
    • Waits, L.P.1    Buckley-Beason, V.A.2    Johnson, W.E.3    Onorato, D.4    McCarthy, T.5
  • 63
    • 0035144122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the probability of identity among genotypes in natural populations: Cautions and guidelines
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01185.x
    • WAITS, L. P., G. LUIKART, AND P. TABERLET. 2001. Estimating the probability of identity among genotypes in natural populations: cautions and guidelines. Molecular Ecology 10:249-256. (Pubitemid 32097545)
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 249-256
    • Waits, L.P.1    Luikart, G.2    Taberlet, P.3
  • 64
    • 33645689896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive genetic sampling tools for wildlife biologists: A review of applications and recommendations for accurate data collection
    • WAITS, L. P., AND D. PAETKAU. 2005. Noninvasive genetic sampling tools for wildlife biologists: a review of applications and recommendations for accurate data collection. Journal of Wildlife Management 69:1419-1433.
    • (2005) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.69 , pp. 1419-1433
    • Waits, L.P.1    Paetkau, D.2
  • 66
    • 0000361097 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of two density estimators of small population size
    • WILSON, K. R., AND D. R. ANDERSON. 1985. Evaluation of two density estimators of small population size. Journal ofMammalogy 66:13-21.
    • (1985) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.66 , pp. 13-21
    • Wilson, K.R.1    Anderson, D.R.2
  • 67
    • 47049089365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status and conservation of snow leopard Panthera uncia in theGouliRegion,KunlunMountains,China
    • XU, A., ET AL. 2008. Status and conservation of snow leopard Panthera uncia in theGouliRegion,KunlunMountains,China.Oryx 42:460-463.
    • (2008) Oryx , vol.42 , pp. 460-463
    • X, U.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.