Sapling richness and composition in canopy gaps of a southern Appalachian mixed Quercus forest

Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

Volumn 138, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 207-219

  Hart, Justin L ^a   Kupfer, John A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Appalachian forests; canopy gaps; Cumberland Plateau; disturbance; species composition; succession; Tennessee

Indexed keywords

CANOPY GAP; DECIDUOUS TREE; DISTURBANCE; FOREST CANOPY; GAP DYNAMICS; LOAMY SAND; MIXED FOREST; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); REFORESTATION; REGENERATION; SAPLING; SECONDARY FOREST; SLOPE; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS;

APPALACHIANS; TENNESSEE; UNITED STATES;

ACER; ACER RUBRUM; ACER SACCHARUM; CARYA; FAGUS; FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA; QUERCUS;

EID: 80051875431     PISSN: 10955674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3159/TORREFY-D-11-00006.1     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. ABRAMS, M. D. 2005. Prescribing fire in eastern oak forests: is time running out? North. J. Appl. For. 22: 190-196. (Pubitemid 41412026)
2. ABE, S., T. MASAKI, AND T. NAKASHIZUKA. 1995. Factors influencing sapling composition in canopy gaps of a temperate deciduous forest. Vegetatio 120: 21-32. (Pubitemid 26453456)
3. BARDEN, L. S. 1979. Tree replacement in small canopy gaps of a Tsuga canadensis forest in the southern Appalachians, Tennessee. Oecologia 44: 141-142.
4. BRAUN, E. L. 1950. Eastern Deciduous Forests of North America. Blakiston, Philadelphia, PA. 596 p.
5. BROKAW, N. V. L. 1985. Gap-phase regeneration in a tropical forest. Ecology 66: 682-687.
6. BROKAW, N. V. L. AND R. T. BUSING. 2000. Niche versus chance and tree diversity in forest gaps. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15: 183-188. (Pubitemid 30226276)
7. BUSING, R. T. AND P. S. WHITE. 1997. Species diversity and small-scale disturbance in an oldgrowth temperate forest: a consideration of gap partitioning concepts. Oikos 78: 562-568.
8. CANHAM, C. D. 1989. Different responses to gaps among shade-tolerant tree species. Ecology 70: 548-550.
9. CANHAM, C. D., J. S. DENSLOW, W. J. PLATT, J. R. RUNKLE, T. A. SPIES, AND P. S. WHITE. 1990. Light regimes beneath closed canopies and treefall gaps in temperate and tropical forests. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 620-631.
10. CLATTERBUCK, W. K., G. W. SMALLEY, J. A. TURNER, AND A. TRAVIS. 2006. Natural history and land use history of Cumberland Plateau forests in Tennessee. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. Special Report No. 06-01, 37 p.
11. CLEBSCH, E. E. C. AND R. T. BUSING. 1989. Secondary succession, gap dynamics, and community structure in a southern Appalachian cove forest. Ecology 70: 728-735. (Pubitemid 20418540)
12. CLINTON, B. D., L. R. BORING, AND W. T. SWANK. 1993. Canopy gap characteristics and drought influence in oak forests of the Coweeta Basin. Ecology 74: 1551-1558.
13. CLINTON, B. D., L. R. BORING, AND W. T. SWANK. 1994. Regeneration patterns in canopy gaps of mixed-oak forests of the southern Appalachians: influence of topographic position and evergreen understory. Am. Midl. Nat. 132: 308-319.
14. CONNELL, J. H. 1989. Some processes affecting the species composition in forest gaps. Ecology 70: 560-562.
15. FAITH, D. P., P. R. MINCHIN, AND L. BELBIN. 1987. Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance. Vegetatio 69: 57-68.
16. FENNEMAN, N. M. 1938. Physiography of Eastern United States. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. 714 p.
17. FRELICH, L. E. 2002. Forest dynamics and disturbance regimes: Studies from temperate evergreen- deciduous forests. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 280 p.
18. GRISSINO-MAYER, H. D. 2001. Evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA. Tree-Ring Res. 57: 205-221.
19. HART, J. L. AND H. D. GRISSINO-MAYER. 2008. Vegetation patterns and dendroecology of a mixed hardwood forest on the Cumberland Plateau: implications for stand development. For. Ecol. Manag. 255: 1960-1975.
20. HART, J. L., S. P. HORN, AND H. D. GRISSINOMAYER. 2008a. Fire history from soil charcoal in a mixed hardwood forest on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee, USA. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 135: 401-410.
21. HART, J. L., S. L. VAN DE GEVEL, AND H. D. GRISSINO-MAYER. 2008b. Forest dynamics in a natural area of the southern Ridge and Valley, Tennessee. Nat. Areas J. 28: 275-289.
22. HART, J. L. AND H. D. GRISSINO-MAYER. 2009. Gapscale disturbance processes in secondary hardwood stands on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee, USA. Plant Ecol. 201: 131-146.
23. HART, J. L., D. A. AUSTIN, AND S. L VAN DE GEVEL. 2010. Radial growth responses of three cooccurring species to small canopy disturbances in a secondary hardwood forest on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee. Phys. Geogr. 31: 270-291.
24. HINKLE, C. R. 1989. Forest communities of the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 64: 123-129.
25. HINKLE, C. R., W. C. MCCOMB, J. M. SAFELY, JR., AND P. A. SCHMALZER. 1993. Mixed mesophytic forests, p. 203-253. In W. H. Martin, S. G. Boyce, and A. C. Echternacht [eds.], Biodiversity of the Southeastern United States: Upland terrestrial communities. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
26. KEETON, W. S. 2006. Managing for late-successional/old-growth characteristics in northern hard- wood-conifer forests. For. Ecol. Manag. 235: 129-142. (Pubitemid 44528896)
27. KRASNY, M. E. AND M. C. WHITMORE. 1992. Gradual and sudden forest canopy gaps in Allegheny northern hardwood forests. Can. J. For. Res. 22: 139-143.
28. KUPFER, J. A., J. R. RUNKLE, AND G. P. MALANSON. 1997. Factors influencing species composition in canopy gaps: the importance of edge proximity in Hueston Woods, Ohio. Prof. Geogr. 49: 165-178. (Pubitemid 127610598)
29. LEGENDRE, P. AND L. LEGENDRE. 1998. Numerical Ecology 2nd ed. Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam. 853 p.
30. LORIMER, C. G. 1993. Causes of oak regeneration problems. p. 14-39. In D. L. Loftis and C. E. McGee [eds.], Oak regeneration: serious problems, practical recommendations. General Technical Report SE-84., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, N.C.
31. LORIMER, C. G., J. W. CHAPMAN, AND W. D. LAMBERT. 1994. Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in the poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands. J. Ecol. 82: 227-237.
32. MCCOMB, W. C. AND R. N. MULLER. 1983. Snag densities in old-growth and second-growth Appalachian forests. J. Wild. Manage. 47: 376-382. (Pubitemid 14272029)
33. MCCUNE, B. AND J. B. GRACE. 2002. Analysis of Ecological Communities. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR.
34. MCCUNE, B. AND M. J. MEFFORD. 2006. PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 5. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR.
35. MCEWAN, R. W., J. M. DYER, AND N. PEDERSON. 2011. Multiple interacting ecosystem drivers: toward an encompassing hypothesis of oak forest dynamics across eastern North America. Ecography 34: 244-256.
36. NOWACKI, G. J. AND M. D. ABRAMS. 2008. The demise of fire and "mesophication" of forests in the eastern United States. BioScience 58: 123-138. (Pubitemid 351480928)
37. OLIVER, C. D. AND B. C. LARSON. 1996. Forest Stand Dynamics, Update Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. 544 p.
38. POULSON, T. L. AND W. J. PLATT. 1988. Light regeneration niches. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 69: 264 p.
39. PUTZ, F. E. 1983. Treefall pits and mounds, buried seeds, and the importance of soil disturbance to pioneer trees on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Ecology 64: 1069-1074. (Pubitemid 15270609)
40. RUNKLE, J. R. 1981. Gap regeneration in some oldgrowth forests of the eastern United States. Ecology 62: 1041-1051.
41. RUNKLE, J. R. 1982. Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of the eastern United States. Ecology 63: 1533-1546. (Pubitemid 13286720)
42. RUNKLE, J. R. 1985. Disturbance regimes in temperate forests, p. 17-33. In S. T. A. Pickett and P. S. White [eds.], The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
43. RUNKLE, J. R. AND T. C. YETTER. 1987. Treefalls revisited: gap dynamics in the southern Appalachians. Ecology 68: 417-424.
44. SCHAETZL, R. J., D. L. JOHNSON, S. F. BURNS, AND T. W. SMALL. 1989. Tree uprooting: review of terminology, process, and environmental implications. Can. J. For. Res. 19: 1-11. (Pubitemid 19325975)
45. SCHUMANN, M. E., A. S. WHITE, AND J. W. WHITMAN. 2003. The effects of harvest-created gaps on plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in a Maine oak-pine forest. For. Ecol. Manag. 176: 543-561. (Pubitemid 36224718)
46. SEYMOUR, R. S., A. S. WHITE, AND P. G. DEMAYNADIER. 2002. Natural disturbance regimes in northeastern North America-evaluating silvicultural systems using natural scales and frequencies. For. Ecol. Manag. 155: 357-367. (Pubitemid 34107913)
47. SMALLEY, G. W. 1986. Classification and evaluation of forest sites on the northern Cumberland Plateau. U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Southern Research Experiment Station, General Technical Report SO-60, New Orleans, Louisiana.
48. SWINGLE, G. D., R. A.MILLER, E. T. LUTHER, W.D. HARDEMAN, D. S. FULLERTON, C. R. SYKES, AND R. K. GARMAN. 1966. Geologic map of Tennessee, East-Central Sheet, Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Geology.
49. TAYLOR, S. O. AND C. G. LORIMER. 2003. Loss of oak dominance in dry-mesic deciduous forests predicted by gap capture methods. Plant Ecol. 167: 71-88. (Pubitemid 36738149)
50. THORNTHWAITE, C. W. 1948. An approach toward rational classification of climate. Geogr. Rev. 38: 55-94.
51. USDA. 1995. Soil survey of Fentress and Pickett Counties, Tennessee, U.S.D.A., Soil Conservation Service.
52. WEBSTER, C.R. AND C. G. LORIMER. 2005. Minimum opening sizes for canopy recruitment of midtolerant tree species: a retrospective approach. Ecol. App. 15: 1245-1262. (Pubitemid 41061040)
53. WHITE, P. S., M. D. MACKENZIE, AND R. T. BUSING. 1985. Natural disturbance and gap-phase dynamics in southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 233-240. (Pubitemid 16275266)
54. WILDER, C. M., F. W. HOLTZCLAW, JR., AND E. E. C. CLEBSCH. 1999. Succession, sapling density and growth in canopy gaps along a topographic gradient in a second growth east Tennessee forest. Am. Midl. Nat. 142: 201-212. (Pubitemid 29532335)
55. YAMAMOTO, S. 2000. Forest gap dynamics and tree regeneration. J. For. Res. 5: 223-229.