Fluids in granulites

Memoir of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 207, Issue , 2011, Pages 25-37

  Touret, Jacques L R ^a   Huizenga, Jan Marten ^b  

^a PSL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY   (France)

^b NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOCHEMISTRY;

HIGH SALINITY; HYDROUS MINERAL; LOWER CRUST; MOST LIKELY; PROTOLITHS; ROCK SAMPLE;

CARBON DIOXIDE;

CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUID COMPOSITION; FLUID INCLUSION; GEOCHEMISTRY; GRANULITE; LOWER CRUST; METAMORPHIC ROCK; MINERALOGY; PROTOLITH; SALINITY; SUPRACRUSTAL ROCK;

EID: 80051873084     PISSN: 00721069     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2011.1207(03)     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Andersen, T., Burke, E.A.J., and Austrheim, H., 1989, Nitrogen-bearing, aqueous fl uid inclusions in some eclogites from the Western Gneiss Region of the Norwegian Caledonides: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 103, p. 153-165, doi:10.1007/BF00378501.
2. Andersen, T., Frezzotti, M.-L., and Burke, E.A.J., eds., 2001, Fluid Inclusions: Phase Relationships-Methods-Applications: Lithos, v. 55, 320 p.
3. Bakker, R.J., and Jansen, J.B.H., 1990, Preferential water leakage from fl uid inclusions by means of mobile dislocations: Nature, v. 345, p. 58-60, doi:10.1038/345058a0. (Pubitemid 120028811)
4. Bennett, D.G., and Barker, A.J., 1992, High salinity fl uids: The result of retrograde metamorphism in thrust zones: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, p. 81-95, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(92)90118-3.
5. Bohlen, S., and Mezger, K., 1989, Origin of granulite terranes and the formation of the lowermost continental crust: Science, v. 244, p. 326-329, doi:10.1126/science.244.4902.326. (Pubitemid 19315319)
6. Boshoff, R., van Reenen, D.D., Smit, C.A., Perchuk, L.L., Kramers, J.D., and Armstrong, R.A., 2006, Geological history of the Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex: The west Alldays area: Journal of Geology, v. 114, p. 699-716, doi:10.1086/507615. (Pubitemid 44740797)
7. Clemens, J.D., and Vielzeuf, D., 1987, Constraints on melting and magma production in the crust: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 86, p. 287- 306, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90227-5.
8. Coltorti, M., and Grégoire, M., 2008, Metasomatism in oceanic and continental lithospheric mantle: Introduction, in Coltorti, M., and Grégoire, M., eds., Metasomatism in Oceanic and Continental Lithospheric Mantle: Geological Society [London] Special Publication 293, p. 1-9.
9. Dalton, J.A., and Wood, B.J., 1995, The stability of carbonate under uppermantle conditions as a function of temperature and oxygen fugacity: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 7, p. 883-891.
10. Dunai, T.J., and Touret, J.L.R., 1993, A noble gas study of a granulite sample from the Nilgiri Hills, southern India-Implications for granulite formation: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 119, p. 271-281, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(93)90138-Y. (Pubitemid 24419278)
11. Etheridge, M.A., Wall, V.J., and Vernon, R.H., 1983, The role of the fl uid phase during regional metamorphism and deformation: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 1, p. 205-226, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1983.tb00272.x.
12. Franz, L., and Harlov, D.E., 1998, High-grade K-feldspar veining in granulites from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Northern Italy: Fluid flow in the lower crust and implications for granulite facies genesis: Journal of Geology, v. 106, p. 455-472. (Pubitemid 29007220)
13. Fu, B., Zheng, Y.-F., and Touret, J.L.R., 2002, Petrological, isotopic and fl uid inclusion studies of eclogites from Sujiahe, NW Dabie Shan (China): Chemical Geology, v. 187, p. 107-128, doi:10.1016/S0009 -2541(02)00014-1. (Pubitemid 34763343)
14. Fyfe, W.S., 1973, The granulite facies, partial melting and the Archean crust: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, ser. A, v. 273, p. 457-462.
15. Hammouda, T., and Laporte, D., 2000, Ultrafast mantle impregnation by carbonatite melts: Geology, v. 28, p. 283-285, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28 <283:UMIBCM>2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 32836111)
16. Harlov, D.E., and Förster, H.-J., 2002, High-grade fl uid metasomatism on both a local and regional scale: The Seward Peninsula, Alaska, and the Val Strona di Omegna, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy. Part I: Petrography and silicate mineral chemistry: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, p. 769- 799, doi:10.1093/petrology/43.5.769.
17. Harlov, D.E., and Wirth, R., 2000, K-feldspar-quartz and K-feldspar- plagioclase phase boundary interactions in garnet-orthopyroxene gneisses from the Val Strona di Omegna, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 140, p. 148-162, doi:10.1007/ s004100000185. (Pubitemid 32100992)
18. Harlov, D.E., Newton, R.C., Hansen, E.C., and Janardhan, A.S., 1997, Oxide and sulphide minerals in highly oxidized, Rb-depleted, Archaean granulites of the Shevaroy Hills Massif, South India: Oxidation states and the role of metamorphic fl uids: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 15, p. 701-717, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.00046.x.
19. Harlov, D.E., Hansen, E.C., and Bigler, C., 1998, Petrologic evidence for K-feldspar metasomatism in granulite facies rocks: Chemical Geology, v. 151, p. 373-386, doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00090-4. (Pubitemid 128647806)
20. Hisada, K., and Miyano, T., 1996, Petrology and microthermometry of aluminous rocks in the Botswana Limpopo Central Zone: Evidence for isothermal decompression and isobaric cooling: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 14, p. 183-197, doi:10.1046/j.1525-1314.1996.05857.x.
21. Hisada, K., Miyano, T., and van Reenen, D.D., 1994, Fluid inclusion study on gedrite formation in metapelites near Maratele in the Limpopo Central Zone, eastern Botswana: Science Reports from the Institute of Geoscience: University of Tsukuba, v. 15, p. 1-7.
22. Hisada, K., Perchuk, L.L., Gerya, T.V., van Reenen, D.D., and Paya, B.K., 2005, P-T-fl uid evolution in the Mahalapye Complex, Limpopo highgrade terrain, eastern Botswana: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 23, p. 313-334, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00579.x. (Pubitemid 40974421)
23. Hoefs, J., and Touret, J.L.R., 1975, Fluid inclusion, and carbon isotope study from Bamble granulites (South Norway): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 52, p. 165-174, doi:10.1007/BF00457292.
24. Hoerness, S., Lichtenstein, U., van Reenen, D.D., and Mokgatlha, K., 1995, Whole-rock/mineral O-isotope fractionations as a tool to model fl uid-rock interaction in deep seated shear zones of the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa: South African Journal of Geology, v. 98, p. 488-497. (Pubitemid 26461849)
25. Hollister, L., and Crawford, M.L., 1981, eds., Short Course in Fluid Inclusions: Applications to Petrology: Calgary, Mineralogical Association of Canada, 304 p.
26. Huizenga, J.M., Gutzmer, J., Banks, D.A., and Greylin, L.N., 2005, The Paleoproterozoic carbonate-hosted Pering Zn-Pb deposit, South Africa. II: Fluid inclusion, fl uid chemistry and stable isotope constraints: Mineralium Deposita, v. 40, p. 686-706, doi:10.1007/s00126-005-0015-9. (Pubitemid 43091333)
27. Huizenga, J.-M., Perchuk, L.L., van Reenen, D.D., Flattery, Y., Varlamov, D.A., Smit, C.A., and Gerya, T.V., 2011, this volume, Granite emplacement and the retrograde P-T-fl uid evolution of Neo-Archean granulites from the Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex (South Africa)
28. in van Reenen, D.D., Kramers, J.D., McCourt, S., and Perchuk, L.L., eds., Origin and Evolution of Precambrian High-Grade Gneiss Terranes, with Special Emphasis on the Limpopo Complex of Southern Africa: Geological Society of America Memoir 207, doi:10.1130/2011.1207(08).
29. Izraeli, E.S., Harris, J.W., and Navon, O., 2001, Brine inclusions in diamonds: A new upper mantle fl uid: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 187, p. 323-332, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00291-6. (Pubitemid 32497564)
30. Izraeli, E.S., Harris, J.W., and Navon, O., 2004, Fluid and mineral inclusions in cloudy diamonds from Koffi efontein, South Africa: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. 2561-2575, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.005. (Pubitemid 38629774)
31. 2 -NaCl immiscibility in granulites: Geology, v. 19, p. 925-928, doi:10.1130/0091 -7613(1991)019<0925:EDLFHO>2.3.CO;2
32. Kamenetsky, M.B., Sobolev, A.V., Kamenetski, V.S., Maas, R., Danyushevsky, L.V., Thomas, R., Pokhilenko, N.P., and Sobolev, N.V., 2004, Kimberlite melts rich in alkali chlorides and carbonates: A potent metasomatic agent in the mantle: Geology, v. 32, p. 845-848, doi:10.1130/G20821.1. (Pubitemid 39447919)
33. Kamenetsky, V.S., Roland, R., Kamenetsky, M.B., Paton, C., Phillips, D., Golovin, A.V., and Gornova, M.A., 2009, Chlorine from the mantle: Magmatic halides in the Udachnaya-East kimberlite, Siberia: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 285, p. 96-104, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.001.
34. 2 -rich inclusions in granulites: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 96, p. 485-495, doi:10.1007/BF01166693.
35. Maas, R., Kamenetsky, M.B., Sobolev, A.V., Kamenetsky, V.S., and Sobolev, N.V., 2005, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope evidence for a mantle origin of alkali chlorides and carbonates in the Udachnaya kimberlite, Siberia: Geology, v. 33, p. 549-552, doi:10.1130/G21257.1. (Pubitemid 40950146)
36. Markl, G., and Bucher, K., 1998, Composition of fl uids in the lower crust inferred from metamorphic salt in lower crustal rocks: Nature, v. 391, p. 781-783, doi:10.1038/35836. (Pubitemid 28099673)
37. Markl, G., Ferry, J., and Bucher, K., 1998, Formation of saline brines and salt in the lower crust by hydration reactions in partially retrogressed granulites from the Lofoten Islands, Norway: American Journal of Science, v. 298, p. 705-757. (Pubitemid 128383632)
38. Menzies, M.A., Kempton, P., and Duncan, M., 1985, Interaction of continental lithosphere and asthenospheric melts below the Geronimo Volcanic Field, Arizona, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 26, p. 663-693.
39. Morogan, V., and Lindblom, S., 1995, Volatiles associated with the alkalinecarbonatite magmatism at Alnö, Sweden: A study of fl uid and solid inclusions in minerals from the Laångarsholment ring complex: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 122, p. 262-274, doi:10.1007/ s004100050126. (Pubitemid 27031215)
40. Morrison, J., and Valley, J.W., 1988, Post-granulite facies fl uid infi ltration in the Adirondack Mountains: Geology, v. 16, p. 513-516, doi:10.1130/0091 -7613(1988) 016<0513:PGFFII>2.3.CO;2
41. Newton, R.C., 1989, Fluids in metamorphism: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 17, p. 385-410, doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.17.050189.002125.
42. 2 O solutions at deep crust/upper mantle pressures and temperatures: Implications for metasomatic processes in shear zones: American Mineralogist, v. 87, p. 1401-1409. (Pubitemid 35372174)
43. 2 O solutions at high pressure and temperatures: Applications to fl uid-rock interaction: Journal of Petrology, v. 46, p. 701-716, doi:10.1093/petrology/egh094. (Pubitemid 40479126)
44. 2 O-NaCl solutions at 800°C and 10 kbar: Interaction of simple minerals with brines at high pressure and temperature: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, p. 5571-5582, doi:10.1016/ j.gca.2006.08.012. (Pubitemid 44667884)
45. 2 O-NaCl at 800 °C and 10 kbar: Chemical Geology, v., 249, p. 250-261.
46. Newton, R.C., Aranovich, L.Ya., Hansen, E.C., and Vandenheuvel, B.A., 1998, Hyper-saline fl uids in Precambrian deep-crustal metamorphism: Precambrian Research, v. 91, p. 41-63, doi:10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00038-2. (Pubitemid 28519534)
47. Ohmoto, H., and Kerrick, D., 1977, Devolatilisation equilibria in graphitic systems: American Journal of Science, v. 277, p. 1013-1044.
48. Olsen, S.N., 1987, The composition and role of fl uids in migmatites: A fl uid inclusion study of the Front Range rocks: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 96, p. 104-120, doi:10.1007/BF00375531.
49. Perchuk, L.L., and Gerya, T.V., 1993, Fluid control of charnockitisation: Chemical Geology, v. 108, p. 175-186, doi:10.1016/0009-2541(93)90323-B.
50. Perchuk, L.L., Safonov, O.G., Gerya, T.V., Fu, B., and Harlov, D.E., 2000a, Mobility of components in metasomatic transformation and partial melting of gneisses: An example from Sri Lanka: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 140, p. 212-232, doi:10.1007/s004100000178. (Pubitemid 32103136)
51. Perchuk, L.L., Gerya, T.V., van Reenen, D.D., Krotov, A.V., Safonov, O.G., Smit, C.A., and Shur My., 2000b, Comparable petrology and metamorphic evolution of the Limpopo (South Africa) and Lapland (Fennoscandia) high-grade terrains: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 69, p. 69-107, doi:10.1007/s007100050019.
52. Pili, E., Sheppard, S.M.F., Lardeaux, J.-M., Martelat, J.E., and Nicollet, C., 1997, Fluid flow vs. scale of shear zones in the lower continental crust and the granulite paradox: Geology, v. 25, p. 15-18, doi:10.1130/0091- 7613 (1997) 025<0015:FFVSOS>2.3.CO;2
53. Powell, R., Will, T.M., and Phillips, G.N., 1991, Metamorphism in Archaean greenstone belts: Calculated fl uid compositions and implications for gold mineralization: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 9, p. 141-150, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00510.x.
54. 2 inclusions in olivine-bearing nodules and phenocrysts from basalts: American Mineralogist, v. 50, p. 1746-1782.
55. Roedder, E., 1984, Fluid Inclusions: Reviews in Mineralogy: Washington, D.C., Mineralogical Society of America, v. 12, 644 p.
56. Santosh, M., 1986, Carbonic metamorphism of charnockites in the southwestern Indian shield: A fl uid inclusion study: Lithos, v. 19, p. 1-10, doi:10.1016/0024-4937(86)90011-3.
57. 2 flushing: A plate tectonic perspective: Gondwana Research, v. 13, p. 86-102, doi:10.1016/j.gr. 2007.07.003.
58. 2 fl uid inclusions in a garnet granulite from southern India: Journal of Geology, v. 111, p. 1-16. (Pubitemid 36310241)
59. Santosh, M., Tsunogae, T., Ohyama, H., Sato, K., Li, J.H., and Liu, S.J., 2008, Carbonic metamorphism at ultrahigh-temperatures: Evidence from the North China Craton: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 266, p. 149- 165, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.058.
60. Shepherd, T.J., and Rankin, A.H., and Alderton, D.H.M., 1985, A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies: Glasgow, Blackie and Son, 239 p.
61. Smit, C.A., and van Reenen, D.D., 1997, Deep crustal shear zones, high-grade tectonites, and associated metasomatic alteration in the Limpopo Belt, South Africa: Implications for deep crustal processes: Journal of Geology, v. 105, p. 37-57, doi:10.1086/606146. (Pubitemid 127598605)
62. Sorby, H.C., 1858, On the microscopic structures of crystals, indicating the origin of minerals and rocks: Geological Society of London Quarterly Journal, v. 14, p. 453-500, doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1858.014.01-02.44.
63. Stevens, G., 1997, Melting, carbonic fl uids and water recycling in the deep crust: An example from the Limpopo Belt, South Africa: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 15, p. 141-154, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.00010.x.
64. Stevens, G., and Clemens, J.D., 1993, Fluid-absent melting and the role of fl uids in the lithosphere: A slanted summary?: Chemical Geology, v. 108, p. 1-17, doi:10.1016/0009-2541(93)90314-9. (Pubitemid 24418424)
65. 2 -N2 fl uid inclusions: Modelling for T < 31°C and P < 400 bars: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 6, p. 753-772.
66. Touret, J.L.R., 1971, Le faciès granulite en Norvège Méridionale. II: Les inclusions fl uides: Lithos, v. 4, p. 423-436, doi:10.1016/0024-4937 (71)90125-3.
67. Touret, J.L.R., 1981, Fluid inclusions in high grade metamorphic rocks, in Hollister, L., and Crawford, M.L., eds., Short Course in Fluid Inclusions: Applications to Petrology: Mineralogical Association of Canada, v. 6, p. 13-36.
68. Touret, J., 1986, Fluid inclusions in rocks from the lower continental crust: Geological Society [London] Special Publication 24, p. 161-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.15.
69. Touret, J.L.R., 2001, Fluids in metamorphic rocks: Lithos, v. 55, p. 1-25, doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00036-0. (Pubitemid 32169412)
70. Touret, J.L.R., 2010, Mantle to lower-crust fl uid/melt transfer through granulite metamorphism: Russian Geology and Geophysics (in press).
71. Touret, J.L.R., and Dietvorst, P., 1983, Fluid inclusions in high grade anatectic metamorphites: Journal of the Geological Society [London], v. 140, p. 635-649, doi:10.1144/gsjgs.140.4.0635.
72. Touret, J.L.R., and Hartel, T., 1990, Synmetamorphic fl uid inclusions in granulites, in Vielzeuf, D., and Vidal, Ph., eds., Granulites and Crustal Evolution: NATO ASI Ser. C, v. 311, p. 397-417.
73. Touret, J.L.R., and Huizenga, J.M., 1999, Intraplate magmatism at depth: Hightemperature lower crustal granulites: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 27, p. 376-382.
74. Touret, J.L.R., and Marquis, G., 1994, Fluides profonds et conductivité électrique de la croûte continentale inférieure: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des sciences, v. 318, p. 1469-1482. (Pubitemid 24428908)
75. 2 O density inversion?: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des sciences (in press).
76. 2 O at high pressure and temperature and its implications for Al mobility in the deep crust and upper mantle: Chemical Geology, v. 240, p. 54-60, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.01.012. (Pubitemid 46614677)
77. Tsunogae, T., and van Reenen, D.D., 2007, Carbonic fl uid inclusions in sapphirine+quartz bearing garnet granulite from the Limpopo Belt, southern Africa: Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, v. 102, p. 57-60.
78. 2 infi ltration during ultrahigh- temperature (T>1100°C) metamorphism: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 143, p. 279-299. (Pubitemid 36036095)
79. Van den Berg, R., and Huizenga, J.M., 2001, Fluids in granulites of the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 141, p. 529-545. (Pubitemid 32782088)
80. 2 -N2: Applications to fl uid inclusions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, p. 621-629, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(90) 90358
81. R. Van den Kerkhof, A.M., Kronz, A., Simon, K., and Scherer, T., 2004, Fluidcontrolled quartz recovery in granulite as revealed by cathodoluminescence and trace element analysis (Bamble sector, Norway): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 146, p. 637-652, doi:10.1007/s00410 -003-0523-5. (Pubitemid 38215706)
82. van Reenen, D.D., 1986, Hydration of cordierite and hypersthene and a description of the retrograde orthoamphibole isograd in the Limpopo Belt, South Africa: American Mineralogist, v. 71, p. 900-915.
83. van Reenen, D.D., and Hollister, L.S., 1988, Fluid inclusions in hydrated granulite facies rocks, Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, p. 1057-1064, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90260-8.
84. van Reenen, D.D., Roering, C., Brandl, G., Smit, C.A., and Barton, J.M., 1990, The granulite facies rocks of the Limpopo Belt, Southern Africa, in Vielzeuf, D., and Vidal, P., eds., Granulites and Crustal Evolution: Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer, NATO-ASI Series, v. C311, p. 257-289.
85. van Reenen, D.D., Pretorius, A.I., and Roering, C., 1994, Characterization of fl uids associated with gold mineralisation and with regional hightemperature retrogression of granulites in the Limpopo Belt, South Africa: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 1147-1159, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(94)90578-9. (Pubitemid 24424698)
86. van Reenen, D.D., Boshoff, R., Smit, C.A., Perchuk, L.L., Kramers, J.D., McCourt, S., and Armstrong, R.A., 2008, Geochronological problems related to polymetamorphism in the Limpopo Complex, South Africa: Gondwana Research, v. 14, p. 644-662, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2008.01.013.
87. Vityk, M.O., and Bodnar, R.J., 1995, Do fl uid inclusions in high-grade metamorphic terranes preserve peak metamorphic density during retrograde decompression?: American Mineralogist, v. 80, p. 641-644.
88. Wannamaker, P.E., Doerner, W.M., Stodt, J.A., and Johnston, J.M., 1997, Subdued state of tectonism of the Great Basin interior relative to its eastern margin based on deep resistivity structure: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 150, p. 41-53, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00076-9.
89. Wannamaker, P.E., Caldwell, T.G., Doerner, W.M., and Jiracek, G.R., 2004, Fault zone fluids and seismicity in compressional and extensional environments inferred from electrical conductivity: The New Zealand Southern Alps and U.S. Great Basin: Earth, Planets, and Space, v. 56, p. 1171-1176. (Pubitemid 40849533)
90. 2 O fl uids and their implication for fl uid transport, host-rock physical properties and fl uid inclusion formation: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 85, p. 497- 515, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90144-0.
91. 2 -rich fl uid inclusions in leucosomes from the Skagit migmatites, North Cascades, Washington, USA: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 10, p. 715-725, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992 .tb00118.x. (Pubitemid 23386420)
92. Yardley, B.W.D., and Valley, J.W., 1997, The petrologic case for a dry lower crust: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 102, p. 12,173-12,185, doi:10.1029/97JB00508.
93. Yardley, B., Gleeson, S., Bruce, S., and Banks, D., 2000, Origin of retrograde fl uids in metamorphic rocks: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 69-70, p. 281-285, doi:10.1016/S0375-6742(00)00132-1. (Pubitemid 30488323)