The Peer Interaction in Primary School Questionnaire: Testing for measurement equivalence and latent mean differences in bullying between gender in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the USA

Social Psychology of Education

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 57-76

  Hussein, Mohamed Habashy ^a  

^a KING KHALID UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Bullying; Confirmatory factor analysis; Egypt; Gender; Measurement equivalence; Measurement invariance; Saudi Arabia; The Peer Interaction in Primary School Questionnaire; USA; Victimization

Indexed keywords

EID: 80051805763     PISSN: 13812890     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11218-009-9098-y     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Albheary, A. A. (2005). School violence: The negative effects, preventive strategies and remedial intervention. In Conference of child and youth in the cities of Middle East and North Africa: Facing for educational challenges, 16-18 May, 2005. Dubai, United Arab Emirate.
2. Austin, S., & Joseph, S. (1996). Assessment of bully/victim problems in 8 to 11 year-olds. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 447-456.
3. Baldry, A. C., & Farrington, D. P. (2000). Bullies and delinquents: Personal characteristics and parental styles. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 10, 17-31.
4. Barrio, C., Martin, E., Montero, I., Gutierrez, H., Barrios, A., & Josede Dios, M. (2008). Bullying and social exclusion in Spanish secondary schools: National trends from 1999 to 2006. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8(3), 657-677.
5. Bentley, K. M., & Li, A. (1995). Bully and victim problems in elementary schools and students' beliefs about aggression. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 11, 153-165.
6. Berthold, K. A., & Hoover, J. H. (2000). Correlates of bullying and victimization among intermediate students in the Midwestern USA. School Psychology International, 21, 65-78.
7. Byrne, B. M. (1994). Testing for the factorial validity, replication, and invariance of a measuring instrument: A paradigmatic application based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 29, 289-311.
8. Chan, H. F. J. (2002) The school life survey-a new instrument for measuring bullying and victimization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, UK: University of Hull.
9. Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65(4), 1111-1119.
10. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233-255.
11. Clarke, E. A., & Kiselica, M. S. (1997). A systemic counseling approach to the problem of bullying. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 31, 310-315.
12. Craig, W. M., & Pepler, D. J. (2007). Understanding bullying: From research to practice. Canadian Psychology, 48(2), 86-93.
13. Cerezo, F., & Ato, M. (2005). Bullying in Spanish and English Pupils: A sociometric perspective using the BULL-S questionnaire. Educational Psychology, 25(4), 353-367.
14. Crystal, S. (1994). Concepts of deviance in children and adolescence: The case of Japan. Deviant Behavior, 15(3), 241-266.
15. Curran, P. J., West, S. G, & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1, 16-29.
16. Dake, J. A., Price, J. H., & Telljohann, S. K. (2003). The nature and extent of bullying at school. Journal of School Health, 73(5), 173-180.
17. DeVoe, J. F., Peter, K., Kaufman, P., Miller, A., Noonan, M., Snyder, T.D., & Baum, K. (2004). Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2004(NCES2005-02/NCJ205290). U.S. Departments of Education and Justice. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
18. Ebrahim, M. A. M. (1996). Societal factors leading to violence in some Cairo schools. Social and Educational Studies, 2(3,4), 1-38.
19. Embry, S. L. (1995). Types of name-calling experienced by second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth graders and their beliefs about their peers. Dissertation Abstracts International, 56, 3905. (AAT No. 9604759).
20. Eslea, M., Menesini, E., Morita, Y., O'Moore, M., Mora-Merchán, J. A., Pereira, B., & Smith, P. K. (2003). Friendship and loneliness among bullies and victims: Data from seven countries. Aggressive Behavior, 30, 71-83.
21. Gini, G. (2004). Bullying in Italian schools: An overview of intervention programmes. School Psychology International, 25(1), 106-116.
22. Glover, D., Gough, G., Johnson, M., & Cartwright, N. (2000). Bullying in 25 secondary schools: Incidence, impact and intervention. Educational Research, 42(2), 141-156.
23. Green, J. G. (2007) A Psychometric analysis of the school victimization scale: Cross-cultural equivalence in the United States, Guatemala, and Israel. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.
24. Gropper, N., & Froschl, M. (2000). The role of gender in young children's teasing and bullying behavior. Equity & Excellence in Education, 33(1), 48-56.
25. Hancock, G. R. (1997). Structural equation modeling methods of hypothesis testing of latent variable means. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30, 91-105.
26. Hansen, K. L., Melhus, M., Høgmo, A., & Lund, E. (2008). Ethnic discrimination and bullying in the Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: The SAMINOR study. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 67(1), 99-115.
27. Harter, S. (1985). The self-perception profile for children [Manual]. Unpublished manuscript, University of Denver.
28. Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's recent consequences: Using dimension scores in theory and research. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 1(1), 11-30.
29. Holmberg, K., & Hjern, A. (2008). Bullying and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in 10-year-olds in a Swedish community. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50, 134-138.
30. Hoover, J. H., & Oliver, R. (1996). The bullying prevention handbook: A guide for principals, teachers and counselors. Bloomington, IN: National Educational Service.
31. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: User's reference guide. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
32. Khatri, P., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (2003). Aggression, peer victimisation, and social relationships among Indian youth. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27(1), 87-95.
33. Klomek, A. B., Sourander, A., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J., Tamminen, T., Moilanen, I., Almqvist, F., & Gould, M. (2008). Childhood bullying as a risk for later depression and suicidal ideation among Finnish males. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109, 47-55.
34. Kumpulainen, K., & Rasanen, E. (2000). Children involved in bullying at elementary school age: Their psychiatric symptoms and deviance in adolescence. An epidemiological sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 1567-1577.
35. Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2001). Adolescence in America, An encyclopedia (Vols. 1 & 2). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
36. Nabuzoka, D. (2003). Experiences of bullying-related behaviors by English and Zambian pupils: A comparative study. Educational Research, 45(1), 95-109.
37. Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA, 25, 2094-2100.
38. Natvig, G. K., Albrektsen, G., & Qvarnstrom, U. (2001). School-related stress experience as a risk factor for bullying behavior. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 30, 561-575.
39. Neary, A., & Joseph, S. (1994). Peer victimization and its relationship to self-concept and depression among schoolgirls. Personality and Individual Differences, 16(1), 183-186.
40. Nesdale, D., & Naito, M. (2005). Individualism-collectivism and attitudes to school bullying of Japanese and Australian students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(5), 537-556.
41. Obrdalj, E. Č., & Rumboldt, M. (2008). Bullying among school children in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina: Cross-sectional study. Croatian Medican Journal, 49, 528-535.
42. Olweus, D. (1983). Bully/victim questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript, Norway: University of Bergen.
43. Olweus, D. (1994). Annotation: Bullying at school: Basic facts & effects of a school-based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 1171-1190.
44. Olweus, D. (2003). A profile of bullying. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 12-17.
45. Pateraki, L., & Houndoumadi, A. (2001). Bullying among primary school children in Athens, Greece. Educational Psychology, 21(2), 167-175.
46. Pellegrini, A. D., Barrini, M., & Brooks, F. (1999). School bullies, victims, and aggressive victims: Factors relating to group affiliation and victimization. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 216-224.
47. Rigby, K, Slee, P., & Conolly, C. (1991). Victims and bullies in school communities. Journal of the Australasian Society of Victimology, 1, 25-31.
48. Robert, C., Lee, W. C., & Chan, K.Y. (2006). An empirical analysis of measurement equivalence with the INDCOL measure of individualism and collectivism: Implications for valid cross-cultural inference. Personnel Psychology, 59, 65-99.
49. Ross, D. M. (1996). Childhood bullying and teasing: What school personnel, other professionals, and parents can do. Alexandria, VA: American Counselling Association.
50. Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 261-275.
51. Seals, D., & Young, J. (2003). Bullying and victimization: Prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38, 735-747.
52. Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Olafsson, R. F., & Liefooghe, A. P. D. (2002). Definitions of bullying: A comparison of terms used, and age and gender differences, in a fourteen-country international comparison. Child Development, 73(4), 1119-1133.
53. Smith, P. K., Morita, Y., Junger-Tas, J., Olweus, D., Catalano, R., & Slee, P. (1999). The nature of school bullying: A cross-national perspective. London: Routledge.
54. Smorti, A., Menesini, E., & Smith, P. K. (2003). Parents' definitions of children's bullying in a five-country comparison. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34(4), 417-432.
55. Spielhofer, T., Benton, T., & Schagen, S. (2004). A study of the effects of school size and single-sex education in English schools. Research Papers in Education, 19(2), 133-159.
56. Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M., & Baumgartner, H. (1998). Assessing measurement invariance in crossnational consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 78-90.
57. Tarshis, T. P., & Huffman, L. C. (2007). Psychometric properties of the peer interactions in primary school (PIPS) Questionnaire. Journal of Development & Behavioral Pediatrics, 28(2), 125-132.
58. Vander Wal, M. F., Wit, C. A. M., & de Hirasing, R. A. (2003). Psychosocial health among young victims and offenders of direct and indirect bullying. Pediatrics, 111(6), 1312-1317.
59. Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurements invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4-69.
60. West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications (p. 56275). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
61. Wolke, D., Woods, S., Stanford, K., & Schulz, H. (2001). Bullying and victimization of primary school children in England and Germany: Prevalence and school factors. British Journal of Psychology, 92, 673-696.