A person by situation account of motivated system defense

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 212-219

  Banfield, Jillian C ^a   Kay, Aaron C ^b   Cutright, Keisha M ^b   Wu, Eugenia C ^b   Fitzsimons, Gavan J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Goals; Individual differences; Motivation; System defense; System justification; Threat

Indexed keywords

EID: 80051737660     PISSN: 19485506     EISSN: 19485514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1948550610386809     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Atkinson, J. W. (1964). An introduction to motivation. New York, NY: Van Nostrand.
3. Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., Lee-Chai, A., Barndollar, K., & Troetschel, R. (2001). The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1014-1027.
4. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19-35.
5. Cutright, K. M., Wu, E. C., Banfield, J. C., Kay, A. C., & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2010). When your world must be defended: Choosing products to justify the system. Unpublished manuscript.
6. Gallup. (2002). Support for invasion of Iraq remains contingent on U.N. approval. Retrieved April 9, 2010, from http://www.gallup.com/poll/7195/support-invasion-iraq-remains-contingent-un-approval.aspx
7. Gallup. (2008). Bush job approval at 28%, lowest of his administration. Retrieved April 9, 2010, from http://www.gallup.com/poll/106426/bush-job-approval-28-lowest-administration.aspx
8. Gollwitzer, P. M., & Moskowitz, G. B. (1996). Goal effects on action and cognition. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 361-399). New York, NY: Guilford.
9. Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 1-27.
10. Jost, J. T., & Burgess, D. (2000). Attitudinal ambivalence and the conflict between group and system justification motives in low status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 293-305.
11. Jost, J. T., & Kay, A. C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 498-509.
12. Jost, J. T., Liviatan, I., van der Toorn, J., Ledgerwood, A., Mandi-sodza, A., & Nosek, B. A. (2010). System justification: How do we know it's motivated? In D. R. Bobocel, A. C. Kay, M. P. Zanna, & J. M. Olson (Eds.), The psychology of justice and legitimacy: The Ontario symposium (Vol. 11, pp. 173-203). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
13. Jost, J. T., Nosek, B. A., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Ideology: Its resurgence in social, personality, and political psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 126-136.
14. Jost, J. T., Pietrzak, J., Liviatan, I., Mandisodza, A., & Napier, J. (2007). System justification as conscious and nonconscious goal pursuit. In J. Shah & W. Gardner (Eds.), Handbook of motivation science (pp. 591-605). New York, NY: Guilford.
15. Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J., & Laurin, K. (2008). God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 18-35.
16. Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Peach, J. M., Friesen, J., Laurin, K., Zanna, M. P., & Spencer, S. J. (2009). Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to view what is as what should be. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 421-434.
17. Kay, A. C., Jimenez, M. C., & Jost, J. T. (2002). Sour grapes, sweet lemons, and the anticipatory rationalization of the status quo. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1300-1312.
18. Kay, A. C., & Jost, J. T. (2003). Complementary justice: Effects of "poor but happy" and "poor but honest" stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 823-837.
19. Kay, A. C., Jost, J. T., Mandisodza, A. N., Sherman, S. J., Petrocelli, J. V., & Johnson, A. L. (2007). Panglossian ideology in the service of system justification: How complementary stereotypes help us to rationalize inequality. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 39, pp. 305-358). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
20. Kay, A. C., Jost, J. T., & Young, S. (2005). Victim-derogation and victim-enhancement as alternate routes to system-justification. Psychological Science, 16, 240-246.
21. Kay, A. C., Whitson, J. A., Gaucher, D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2009). Compensatory control: Achieving order through the mind, our institutions, and the heavens. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 264-268.
22. Lau, G. P., Kay, A. C., & Spencer, S. J. (2008). Loving those who justify inequality: The effects of system threat on attraction to women who embody benevolent sexist ideals. Psychological Science, 19, 20-21.
23. Lipkus, I. (1991). The construction and preliminary validation of a global Belief in a Just World scale and the exploratory analysis of the multidimensional Belief in a Just World scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 1171-1178.
24. Major, B., Gramzow, R. H., Mc-Coy, S. K., Levin, S., Schmader, T., & Sidanius, J. (2002). Perceiving personal discrimination: The role of group status and legitimizing ideology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 269-282.
25. Major, B., Kaiser, C. R., O'Brien, L. T., & McCoy, S. K. (2007). Perceived discrimination as worldview threat or worldview confirmation: Implications for self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1068-1086.
26. Napier, J. L., & Jost, J. T. (2008). Why are conservatives happier than liberals? Psychological Science, 19, 565-572.
27. Napier, J. L., Mandisodza, A. N., Anderson, S. M., & Jost, J. T. (2006). System justification in responding to the poor and displaced in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6, 57-73.
28. Quinn, D. M., & Crocker, J. (1999). When ideology hurts: Effects of belief in the Protestant ethic and feeling overweight on the psychological well-being of women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 402-414.
29. Rosenblatt, A., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Lyon, D. (1989). Evidence of terror management theory I: The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who violate or uphold cultural values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 681-690.
30. Rutjens, B. T., & Loseman, A. (2010). The society-supporting self: System justification and cultural worldview defense as different forms of self-regulation. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 13, 241-250.
31. Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195-202.
32. Shepherd, S., Kay, A. C., & Landau, M. J. (2010). Evidence for the specificity of motive systems in worldview defense: Distinguishing compensatory control from uncertainty management and terror management processes. Unpublished manuscript.
33. Ullrich, J., & Cohrs, J. C. (2007). Terrorism salience increases system justification: Experimental evidence. Social Justice Research, 20, 117-139.
34. Wakslak, C., Jost, J. T., Tyler, T. R., & Chen, E. (2007). Moral outrage mediates the dampening effect of system justification on support for redistributive social policies. Psychological Science, 18, 267-274.
35. Willer, R. (2004). The effects of government-issued terror warnings on presidential approval ratings. Current Research in Social Psychology, 10, 1-12.