Opportunities and challenges for Ontario's forest bioeconomy

Forestry Chronicle

Volumn 87, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 468-475

  Puddister, D ^a   Dominy, S W J ^b   Baker, J A ^c   Morris, D M ^c   Maure, J ^d   Rice, J A ^c   Jones, T A ^a   Majumdar, I ^d   Hazlett, P W ^b   Titus, B D ^e   Fleming, R L ^b   Wetzel, S ^b  

^a ONTARIO FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^b GREAT LAKES FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

^c ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES   (Canada)

^d Ontario Ministry of Northern Development   (Canada)

^e PACIFIC FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Adaptive management; Federal provincial cooperation; Forest biofibre; Forest biomass; Forest policy; Forest science; Precautionary approach; Sustainable forest management

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL COOPERATION; FOREST BIOFIBRE; FOREST BIOMASS; FOREST POLICY; FOREST SCIENCE; PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH; SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT;

BIOMASS; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMMERCE; EMPLOYMENT; FORESTRY; INDUSTRY;

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; BIOMASS; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC POLICY; FEDERAL SYSTEM; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FOREST PRODUCT; FOREST RESOURCE; FORESTRY POLICY; INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE; PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; PRIMARY SECTOR INDUSTRY; SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY; TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT;

BIOMASS; COMMERCE; EMPLOYMENT; FORESTRY;

CANADA; ONTARIO [CANADA];

EID: 80051733732     PISSN: 00157546     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5558/tfc2011-045     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Archibald, D.J., W.B. Wiltshire, D.M. Morris and B.D. Batchelor. 1997. Forest management guidelines for the protection of the physical environment. Toronto, ON. 39 p. + append.
2. Baker, J.A. 2000. Landscape ecology and adaptive management. In A.H. Perera, D. Euler, I.D. Thompson (eds.). Ecology of a Terrestrial Landscape: Patterns and Processes of Forests in Ontario. pp. 310-322. UBC Press, Vancouver, BC.
3. Bell, F.W., J. Parton, N. Stocker, D. Joyce, D. Reid, M. Wester, A. Stinson, G. Kayahara and W.D. Towill. 2008. Developing a silvicultural framework and definitions for use in forest management planning and practice. For. Chron. 84(5): 678-693.
4. [CBD] Convention on Biological Diversity. 2010. [online]. Available at http://www.cbd.int [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
5. [CCFM] Canadian Council of Forest Ministers. 2003. National forest strategy (2003-2008) A sustainable forest: The Canadian commitment. Ottawa, ON. 26 p.
6. [CRIBE] Centre for Research and Innovation in the Bioeconomy. 2011. [online]. Available at http://www.cribe.ca/ [Accessed 20 Jan. 2011].
7. Duckert, D.R. and D.M. Morris. 2001. Effects of harvest intensity on long-term productivity in black spruce ecosystems: establishment report. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Cent. North. Ecosyst. Res., Thunder Bay, ON. CNFER Tech Rep. TR-008. 39 p.
8. Duinker, P.N. and L.M. Trevisan. 2003. Adaptive management: progress and prospects for Canadian forests. Chapter 21 In P.J. Burton, C. Messier, D.W. Smith and W.L. Adamowicz (eds.). Towards Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest. pp. 857-892. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
9. Dymond, CC, B.D. Titus, G. Stinson and W.A. Kurz. 2010. Future quantities and spatial distribution of harvesting residue and dead wood from natural disturbances in Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 260(2): 181-192.
10. EcoLogo. 2010. Renewable low-impact electricity products. EcoLogo, Ottawa. Environmental Standard - Certification Criteria Document CCD-003. Available at http://www.ecologo.org/common/assets/criterias/CCD-003.pdf [Accessed 16 Dec 2010].
11. European Commission. 2010. Biofuels: sustainability criteria [online]. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/biofuels/sustainability- criteria-en.htm [Accessed 16 Dec 2010].
12. Gordon, A.G., D.M. Morris and N. Balakrishnan. 1993. Impacts of various levels of biomass removals on the structure, function, and productivity of black spruce ecosystems: research protocols. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Ont. For. Res. Inst., Sault Ste. Marie, ON. For. Res. Info. Pap No. 109. 21 p.
13. Government of Ontario. 1993. Environmental bill of rights [online]. Available at http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws-statutes- 93e28-e.htm [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
14. -. 2010. Statement of environmental values; Ministry of Natural Resources. Available at http://www.ebr.gov.on.ca/ERS-WEBExternal/content/sev. jsp?pageName=sevList&subPageName=10002 [Accessed 16 Dec 2010].
15. Hesselink, T.P. 2010. Increasing pressure to use forest biomass: a conservation viewpoint. For. Chron. 86: 28-35.
16. Holling, C.S. (ed.). 1978. Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 377 p.
17. Hunter, M.L. 1990. Wildlife, Forests, and Forestry: Principles of Managing Forests for Biological Diversity. Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 370 p.
18. [IEA] International Energy Agency. 2010. Sustainability across the supply chain of land-based biomass. IEA Bioenergy Task 43 workshop, Kamloops, B.C., June 1-4, 2010. Final Technical Program. Available at http://www. ieabioenergytask43.org/ [Accessed 16 Dec 2010].
19. Jeglum, J.K., H.M. Kershaw, D.M. Morris and D.A. Cameron. 2003. Best forestry practices: a guide for the boreal forest in Ontario. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., Grt. Lakes For. Cent., Sault Ste.Marie, ON. 110 p. Available at http://www.bookstore.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/detail-e.php?recid=12585445 [Accessed 1 Dec. 2010].
20. Jones, M. and T.D. Nudds. 2003. Draft principles of decision analysis and adaptive management (Appendix 1). pp. 55. In S. Crawford, S. Matchett and K. Reid. Decision Analysis/Adaptive Management(DAAM) for Great Lakes Fisheries: A General Review and Proposal. Draft discussion paper presented at 2005 IAGLR (International Association for Great Lakes Research), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
21. Junginger, M., J. van Dam, S. Zarrilli, F.A. Mohamed, D. Marchal and A. Faaij. 2010. Opportunities and barriers for international bioenergy trade. IEA Bioenergy Task 40: Sustainable International Bioenergy Trade. Task paper. Available at http://www.bioenergytrade.org/downloads/ opportunitiesandbarriersforinternationalbioene.pdf [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
22. Kershaw, H.M., J.K. Jeglum and D.M. Morris. 1996. Long-term productivity of boreal forest ecosystems. II. Expert opinion on the impact of forestry practices. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., Grt. Lakes For. Cent., Sault Ste. Marie, ON. NODA/NFP Tech. Rep. TR-23. 21 p. + append. Available at http://www.bookstore.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/detail-e.php?recid=39468 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2010].
23. Kurz, W., C. Wedeles, P. McNamee, M. Rose, K. Pawley and A. Stage. 1991. Ontario Growth and Yield Program - Program Plan. Prepared by Environmental and Social Systems Analysis Ltd., Toronto, ON for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 130 p.
24. Lattimore, B., T. Smith and J. Richardson. 2010. Coping with complexity: designing low-impact forest bioenergy systems using an adaptive forest management framework and other sustainable forest management tools. For. Chron. 86: 20-27.
25. Lee, K.N. 1993. Compass and Gyroscope - Integrating Science and Politics for the Environment. Island Press, Washington, DC. 243 p.
26. Mabee, W.E., J. Mirck and R. Chandra. 2011. Energy from forest biomass in Ontario: Getting beyond the promise. For. Chron. 87: 61-70.
27. McKechnie, J., S. Colombo, J. Chen, W. Mabee and H.L. MacLean. 2010. Forest bioenergy or forest carbon? Assessing trade-offs in greenhouse gas mitigation with wood-based fuels. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45(2): 789-795.
28. [NRCan] Natural Resources Canada. 2010a. Is forest bioenergy good for the environment? Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, ON. Science- Policy Note, Dec. 2010. 3 p. Available at http://www.bookstore.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/detail-e.php?recid=12590943 [Accessed 6 Dec. 2010].
29. -. 2011b. Bio-pathways project [online]. Available at http://canadaforests.nrcan.gc.ca/rpt/biopathwaysproject [Accessed 20 Jan. 2011].
30. [NSERC] Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. 2011. NSERC forest sector research and development initiative [online]. Available at http://forest-foret.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/Projects-Projets/Research- Recherche-eng.asp [Accessed 20 Jan.2011].
31. [NTA] Netherlands Technical Agreement. 2010. NTA 8080 - Sustainably produced biomass. Web portal for Dutch certification standards [online]. Available at http://www.sustainable-biomass.org/publicaties/3892 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2010].
32. [NBDNR] New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources. 2008. Forest biomass harvesting. Policy No. FMB 019 2008 [online]. Available at http://www.gnb.ca/0078/Policies/FMB0192008E.pdf [Accessed 14 Dec. 2010].
33. [NSDNR] Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources. 2010. Natural Resources Strategy 2010 [online]. http://www.gov.ns.ca/natr/strategy2010/ framework-update.asp [Accessed 14 Dec.2010].
34. [OCE] Ontario Centres of Excellence. 2011. [online]. Available at http://www.oce-ontario.org/Pages/Home.aspx [Accessed 20 Jan.2011].
35. [OMEE] Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy. 1994. Decision and reasons for decision, class environmental assessment by the Ministry of Natural Resources for timber management on Crown lands in Ontario, Report of the Environmental Assessment Board, EA-87-01. 561 p. Available at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02-179249.html [Accessed 15 Dec. 2010].
36. -. 1999. Ontario forest accord. Available at http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/ envision/env-reg/er/documents/2008/ontario%20forest%20accord.pdf [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
37. [OMNDMF]. Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry. 2009a. Staged competition for crown wood supply in Ontario. Stage II: Provincial wood supply. Ont. Min. North. Develop. Mines For., Sudbury, ON. Available at http://www.OMNDMF. gov.on.ca/forestry/documents/wscp-stage2-v4-2010.pdf [Accessed14 Dec. 2010].
38. -. 2010. Ontario's forest industry [online]. Ont. Min. North. Develop. Mines For., Sudbury, ON. Available at http://www.OOMNDMF.gov.on.ca/forestry/ forest-industry-e.asp [Accessed 11 Dec. 2010].
39. [OMNDMF and OMI] Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry and Ontario Ministry of Infrastructure. 2011. Growth plan for northern Ontario, 2011. Ont. Min. North. Develop. Mines For. and Ont. Min. Infra., Queen's Printer for Ontario, Toronto, ON. 76pp. Available at: http://www.placestogrow. ca/images/pdfs/GPNO-final.pdf [Accessed 6 July 2011].
40. [OMNR] Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1994. Policy framework for sustainable forests. Available at: http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/ groups/lr/@mnr/@forests/documents/document/199742.pdf [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
41. -. 1997. Silvicultural guide to managing for black spruce, jack pine and aspen on boreal forest ecosites in Ontario. Version 1.0. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario, Toronto, ON. 852 p.
42. -. 1998a. A silvicultural guide for the tolerant hardwood forest in Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON. 374 p.
43. -. 1998b. A silvicultural guide for the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence conifer forest in Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON. 405 p.
44. -. 2000a. A silvicultural guide to southern Ontario forests. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON. 648 p.
45. -. 2000b. Forest operations and silviculture manual. Available at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/Publication/MNR-E000225P.html [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
46. -. 2001. Management guidelines for forestry and resourcebased tourism. Ont. Min. Nat. Res., Queen's Printer for Ontario, Toronto, ON. 37 p. Available at: http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/Publication/STEL02-179025.html [Accessed 15 Dec. 2010].
47. -. 2003a. Silviculture guide to managing spruce, fir, birch, and aspen mixedwoods in Ontario's boreal forest. Version 1.0. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Queen's Printer for Ontario. Toronto, ON. 333 p.
48. -. 2003b. Ontario resource assessment policy. Available at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/Publication/MNR-E000228P.html [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
49. -. 2005. Our sustainable future: strategic directions. Available at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/About/2ColumnSubPage/200238.html [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
50. -. 2007a. Forest management guide for cultural heritage values. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Manage. Br., Toronto, ON. 84 p. Available at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/Publication/MNR-E000505P.html [Accessed 15 Dec. 2010].
51. -. 2007b. State of the forest reports. Available at http://www.mnr.gov. on.ca/en/Business/Forests/Publication/196959.html[Accessed 8 Dec. 2010].
52. -. 2007c. Scaling manual. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Manage. Br., Toronto, ON. Available at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/ Publication/MNR-E000266P.html [Accessed 16 Dec.2010].
53. -. 2008a. Forest biofibre - allocation and use. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Manage. Br., Toronto, ON. For. Manage. Direct. FOR 03 02 01. 5 p. Available at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/groups/lr/@mnr/@forests/documents/ document/275477.pdf[Accessed 15 Dec. 2010].
54. -. 2008b. Analysis of regional wood supply - 2008 edition [online]. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Manage. Br., Toronto, ON. Available at http://www.web2.mnr.gov.on.ca/mnr/forests/public/publications/ WoodSupplyStrategy/ARWoodS-2008.xls [Accessed 10 Dec. 2010].
55. -. 2009a. Forest management planning manual for Ontario's Crown forests. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Manage. Br, Toronto, ON. 447 p.
56. -. 2009b. Forest information manual. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Manage. Br., Toronto, ON. Available at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/ Publication/MNR-E000214P.html [Accessed 16 Dec. 2010].
57. -. 2010a. Forest management guide for conserving biodiversity at the stand and site scales. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Br., Toronto, ON. 211 p.
58. -. 2010b. Forest management guide for Great Lakes - St. Lawrence landscapes. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Br, Toronto, ON. 78 p.
59. -. in prep. Forest management guide for boreal landscapes. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., For. Br., Toronto, ON.
60. Rempel, R., J.A. Baker, G. Brown, J. Churcher, M. Gluck and B. Naylor. 2010. Guide effectiveness monitoring: strategic direction. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Cent. North. For. Ecosyst. Res., Thunder Bay, ON. CNFER Info. Pap. IP-006.18 p.
61. [SFMN] Sustainable Forest Management Network. 2008. The Scientific Foundation for Sustainable Forest Biomass Harvesting Guidelines and Policies, Workshop presentation summaries. Toronto, ON, 18-21 Feb. 2008. Available at http://www.sfmnetwork.ca/html/biomass-workshop-e.html [Accessed 9 Dec. 2010].
62. Statutes of Ontario. 1975. Environmental Assessment Act. S.O. C. 25. Available at http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws-statutes- 90e18-e.htm [Accessed 29 Dec. 2010].
63. -. 1990. Public Lands Act. R.S.O. 1990, Chapter P. 43. Available at http://www.search.e-laws.gov.on.ca/en/isysquery/01f56228-2d11-4dfc-a2a1- 8e0fab110527/1/doc [Accessed 4 Jan. 2011].
64. -. 1995. Crown Forest Sustainability Act, revised. R.S.O. 1998. Chapter 25 and Ontario Regulation 167/95. Available at http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/ statutes/english/elaws-statutes-94c25-e.htm [Accessed 29 Dec. 2010].
65. Stupak, I., B. Lattimore, B.D. Titus and C.T. Smith. (In press).Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest fuel production and harvesting: a review of current standards for sustainable forest management. Biomass Bioenergy.
66. Taylor, M.E., H.M. Kershaw, J.K. Jeglum and D.M. Morris. 1995. Long-term productivity of boreal forest ecosystems. I. Annotated bibliography. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv. Grt. Lakes For. Cent., Sault Ste. Marie, ON. NODA Note No. 8. 144 p. Available at http://www.bookstore.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/detail-e. php?recid=39447[Accessed 12 Sept. 2010].
67. Ter-Mikaelian, M.T., S.J. Colombo and J. Chen. 2008. Fact and fantasy about forest carbon. For. Chron. 84: 166-171.
68. Tenhagen, M.D., J.K. Jeglum, S. Ran and N.W. Foster. 1996. Effects of a range of biomass removals on long-term productivity of jack pine ecosystems: establishment report. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., Grt. Lakes For. Cent., Sault Ste. Marie, ON. Info. Rep. O-X- 454. 26 p. Available at http://www.bookstore.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/detail-e.php?recid=39070 [Accessed 1 Oct. 2010].
69. Thiffault, E., D. Paré, S. Brais and B.D. Titus. 2010. Intensive biomass removals and site productivity in Canada: a review of relevant issues. For. Chron. 86: 36-42.
70. Titus, B.D., C.T. Smith, D. Puddister, J.R. Richardson and C. Young (comps.). 2008. Notes from facilitated workshop discussions. The Scientific Foundation for Sustainable Forest Biomass Harvesting Guidelines and Policies, 18-21 Feb. 2008. Toronto, ON. Sust. For. Manage. Netw., Edmonton, AB. 48 p. available at http://www.fmnetwork.ca/docs/e/Biomass-DiscussionNotesworkshop. pdf[Accessed 9 Dec. 2010].
71. van Dam, J., M. Junginger, A. Faaij, I. Jürgens, G. Best and U. Fritsche. 2008. Overview of recent developments in sustainable biomass certification. Biomass Bioenergy 32: 749-780.
72. van Dam, J., M. Junginger and A.P.C. Faaij. 2010. From the global efforts on certification of bioenergy towards an integrated approach based on sustainable land use planning. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.14: 2445-2472.
73. Waito, B. and L. Johnson. 2010. A national scan of regulations and practices relevant to biomass harvesting. Report prepared for World Wildlife Fund-Canada and The Forest Products Association of Canada. 45 p. Available at http://wwf.ca/newsroom/reports/forests-freshwater/nationalscan.cfm [Accessed 12 July 2010].
74. Walters, C. 1986. Adaptive Management of Renewable Resources. MacMillan Publishing Company, New York. 374 p. The Forestr