To save the world or to renounce it: Modes of moral action in Russian orthodoxy

Religion, Morality, and Community in Post-Soviet Societies

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 21-54

  Kenworthy, Scott M ^a  

^a MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80051732359     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (97)

1. A. Kruglov, "Na sluzhbe miru-na sluzhbe Bogu", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, October 1902, 186-93.
2. Archimandrite Nikon, "Pravoslavnyi ideal monashestva", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, October 1902, 194-209.
3. Richard Pipes, Russia under the Old Regime (New York: Scribner's, 1974), 221-45;
4. See entry on "world" in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittle and Gerhard Friedrich and trans. and abridged by Geoffrey W. Bromily (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1985).
5. Georges Florovsky, "Antinomies of Christian History: Empire and Desert", in Christianity and Culture, by Georges Florovsky (Belmont, Mass.: Nordland, 1974), 67-72.
6. See Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies, esp. book V;
7. and Athanasius of Alexandria, On the Incarnation.
8. For an overview, see, e.g., Justo Gonzalez, A History of Christian Thought, vol. 1 (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1987).
9. Florovsky, "Antinomies", 85.
10. See Demetrios J. Constantelos, Byzantine Philanthropy and Social Welfare, 2nd rev. ed. (New Rochelle, N. Y.: Aristide D. Caratzas, 1991);
11. and Demetrios J. Constantelos, Poverty, Society and Philanthropy in the Late Mediaeval Greek World (New Rochelle, N. Y.: Aristide D. Caratzas, 1992).
12. See Jonathan Shepard, "The Byzantine Commonwealth 1000-1500", in The Cambridge History of Christianity, vol. 5: Eastern Christianity, ed. Michael Angold (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 3-52.
13. Paul Hollingsworth, ed. and trans., The Hagiography of Kievan Rus' (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992), 62.
14. G. P. Fedotov, ed., A Treasury of Russian Spirituality (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1948);
15. reprinted as The Way of a Pilgrim and Other Classics of Russian Spirituality (Mineola, N. Y.: Dover, 2003), 48-49.
16. Hollingsworth, Hagiography, 74.
17. Fedotov, Treasury, 74.
18. See David M. Goldfrank, ed. and trans., The Monastic Rule of Iosif Volotsky (Kalamazoo, Mich.: Cistercian Publications, 2000), 100ff.
19. Donald Ostrowski, "Church Polemics and Monastic Land Acquisition in Sixteenth-Century Muscovy", Slavonic and East European Review 64(1986):355-79.
20. Paul Bushkovitch, Religion and Society in Russia: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
21. Carolyn Johnston, ed. and trans., The Domostroi: Rules for Russian Households in the Time of Terrible (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1994).
22. Adele Lindenmeyr, Poverty Is Not a Vice: Charity, Society, and the State in Imperial Russia (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 7-47.
23. Lindsey Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998), 355-56.
24. G. L. Freeze, "Handmaiden of the State? The Church in Imperial Russia Reconsidered", Journal of Ecclesiastical History 36(1985):82-102.
25. James Cracraft, The Church Reform of Peter the Great (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1971), 259.
26. Alexander V. Muller, ed. and trans., The Spiritual Regulation of Peter the Great (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1972), 80.
27. Lindenmeyr, Poverty, 33.
28. See Robert L. Nichols, "The Orthodox Elders (Startsy) of Imperial Russia", Modern Greek Studies Yearbook 1(1985):1-30.
29. Fedotov, Treasury, 198-99.
30. See Nadejda Gorodetzky, Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk, Inspirer of Dostoevsky (Crestwood, N. Y.: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1976).
31. Scott M. Kenworthy, "The Revival of Monasticism in Modern Russia: The Trinity-Sergius Lavra, 1825-1921", PhD dissertation, Brandeis University, 2002.
32. See especially the account of the pilgrim with the family in Fedotov, Treasury, 330-38.
33. Ex., [D. I. Rostislavov], Opyt issledovaniia ob imushchestvakh i dokhodakh nashikh monastyrei (Saint Petersburg: N.p., 1876).
34. D-v, "Vopros o reforme monastyrei", Vestnik Evropy 4 (August 1873):559-82.
35. Kenworthy, "Revival"
36. Brenda Meehan, "From Contemplative Practice to Charitable Activity: Russian Women's Religious Communities and the Development of Charitable Work, 1861-1917", in Lady Bountiful Revisited: Women, Philanthropy and Power, ed. K. D. Mc-Carthy (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1990), 142-56;
37. William Wagner, "The Transformation of Female Orthodox Monasticism in Nizhnii Novgorod Diocese, 1764-1929, in Comparative Perspective", Journal of Modern History 78(2006):793-845.
38. Scott M. Kenworthy, "An Orthodox Social Gospel in Late-Imperial Russia", Religion and Society in Central and Eastern Europe 1 (May 2006), http://rs.as.wvu.edu/contents1.htm;
39. Jennifer Hedda, His Kingdom Come: Orthodox Pastorship and Social Activism in Revolutionary Russia (De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2008).
40. Nadieszda Kizenko, A Prodigal Saint: Father John of Kronstadt and the Russian People (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000), 39-66;
41. Lindenmeyr, Poverty, 169-74.
42. Kenworthy, "Orthodox Social Gospel";
43. Simon Dixon, "The Church's Social Role in St. Petersburg, 1880-1914", in Church, Nation and State in Russia and Ukraine, ed. Geoffrey Hosking (London: St. Martin's Press, 1991), 167-92;
44. Kimberly Page Herrlinger, "Class, Piety, and Politics: Workers, Orthodoxy, and the Problem of Religious Identity in Russia, 1881-1914", PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1996.
45. Editorial note, Dushepoleznoe chtenie, October 1902, 186 n. 1.
46. Archimandrite Nikon, "Pravoslavnyi ideal monashestva", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, October 1902, 194-209.
47. Archimandrite Evdokim, "Inoki na sluzhbe blizhnim", Bogoslovskii Vestnik, November 1902, 305-58.
48. Archimandrite Evdokim, "Inoki na sluzhbe blizhnim", Bogoslovskii Vestnik, December 1902, 576-635.
49. On Maximos the Greek (died 1556), see Dimitri Obolensky, Six Byzantine Portraits (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988).
50. N. Kapterev, "V chem sostoit istinnoe mohashestvo po vozzreniiam prepodobnogo Maksima Greka", Bogoslovskii Vestnik, no. 1(1903):114-71.
51. S. Smirnov, "Kak sluzhili miru podvizhniki drevnei Rusi? (Istoricheskaia spravka k polemike o monashestve)", Bogoslovskii Vestnik, March 1903, 516-80.
52. S. Smirnov, "Kak sluzhili miru podvizhniki drevnei Rusi? (Istoricheskaia spravka k polemike o monashestve)", Bogoslovskii Vestnik, April 1903, 716-88.
53. Archimandrite Nikon, "Eshche ob ideale monashestva", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, January 1902, 107-20;
54. Archimandrite Nikon, "Delanie inocheskoe i delo Bozhie", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, February 1903, 330-55;
55. Archimandrite Nikon, "Nuzhno chitat' kak napisano", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, May 1903, 140-48;
56. Archimandrite Nikon, "Za kogo govorit istoriia? (K voprosu o monashestve)", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, December 1903, 688-713.
57. See especially the responses from monks themselves: "Golos iz pustyni po povodu dvukh uchenykh inokov o monashestve", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, May 1903, 158-64;
58. and "Mysli prostetsa-inoka o svoem prizvanii", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, August 1903, 660-64.
59. S. Chetverikov, "Na sluzhe Bogu-na sluzhbe blizhnim", originally published in several installments in Dushepoleznoe chtenie beginning in January 1903
60. reprinted as the booklet Na sluzhbe Bogu-na sluzhbe blizhnim (Moscow: Sviato-Tikhonovskii bogoslovskii institut, 1996), 20-21.
61. Nikon, "Delanie inocheskoe", 342.
62. "Golos iz pustyni", 164.
63. Nikon, "Delanie inocheskoe", 348.
64. N. Kapterev, "Sovremennyi monastyrskii monakh-publitsist (Otvet o. arkhimandritu Nikonu)", OR RGB, fond 765, karton 13, delo 15, list' 1-14ob. The manuscript is in galley-proof form, from Nikon's archive.
65. Sergii Golubtsov, "Polemika po monasheskomu voprosu v Moskovskoi Dukhovnoi Akademii (1902-1904 gg.)", Zhurnal istoriko-bogoslvskogo obshchestvo (Moscow: N.p., 1992):104-16.
66. V. V. Rozanov, "Iz zhiteiskikh i literaturnykh melochei", Novoe vremia, no. 9658 (January 23, 1903)
67. reprinted in V. V. Rozanov, Okolo tserkovnykh sten (Moscow: Respublika, 1995), 301.
68. Archimandrite Nikon, "Neozhidannyi soiuznik", Dushepoleznoe chtenie chast' 1(1903):543-44.
69. The confusion over the very terms of the debate emerge clearly from the following exchanges: Aleksei Vvedenskii, "Nedorazumenie po vazhnomu voprosu (Otvet o. arkhimandritu Evdokimu)", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, January 1903, 155-80;
70. A. Spasskii, "Iz tekushchei zhurnalistiki", Bogoslovskii Vestnik, January 1903, 172-80;
71. Vvedenskii, "Protiv ochevidnosti i mimo zaprosov zhizni", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, May 1903, 119-39;
72. Archimandrite Nikon, "Nuzhno chitat' kak napisano", Dushepoleznoe chtenie, May 1903, 140-48;
73. and Spasskii, "Chto napisano perom, togo ne vyrubish' i toporom (Korotkii otvet na dva dlinnykh obvineniia)", Bogoslovskii Vestnik, May 1903, 188-95.
74. "Golos iz pustyni", 159.
75. William Wagner, "Paradoxes of Piety: The Nizhegorod Convent of the Exaltation of the Cross, 1807-1935", in Orthodox Russia: Belief and Practice under the Tsars, ed. Valerie A. Kivelson and Robert H. Greene (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003), 211-38;
76. Wagner, "Transformation of Female Orthodox Monasticism"
77. See my essay, Skott M. Kenvorti, "Pervyi Vserossiiskii s"ezd monashestvuiushchikh v 1909 g.", in Troitse-Sergieva lavra v istorii, kul'ture i dukhovnoi zhizni Rossii: Materialy II Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii 4-6 okiabria 2000 g. (Sergiev Posad: Ves' Sergiev Posad, 2002), 166-84.
78. Kenworthy, "Orthodox Social Gospel";
79. Gregory L. Freeze, "Church and Politics in Late Imperial Russia: Crisis and Radicalization of the Clergy", in Russia under the Last Tsar: Opposition and Subversion, 1894-1917, ed. Anna Geifman (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999), 269-97;
80. Page Herrlinger, "Raising Lazarus: Orthodoxy and the Factory Narod in St. Petersburg, 1905-1914", Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 52(2004):341-54.
81. Scott M. Kenworthy, "Russian Reformation? The Program for Religious Renovation in the Orthodox Church, 1922-1925", Modern Greek Studies Yearbook 16/17 (2000-1):89-130;
82. Edward E. Roslof, Red Priests: Renovationism, Russian Orthodoxy, and Revolution, 1905-1946 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002).
83. J. F. Maclear, Church and State in the Modern Age: A Documentary History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 332.
84. See Tatiana A. Chumachenko, Church and State in Soviet Russia: Russian Orthodoxy from World War II to the Khrushchev Years, ed. and trans. Edward E. Roslof (Armonk, N. Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2002).
85. Wallace L. Daniel, The Orthodox Church and Civil Society in Russia (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2006), 135-45.
86. The text can be found on the Web site of the Moscow Patriarchate in both English and Russian; see http://www.mospat.ru/index.php?mid=90.
87. Alexander Agadjanian, "The Social Vision of Russian Orthodoxy: Balancing between Identity and Relevance", in Orthodox Christianity and Contemporary Europe, ed. Jonathan Sutton and Wil van den Bercken (Leuven: Peeters, 2003), 163-82.
88. Roman Lunkin, "Sotsial'noe sluzhenie russkoi pravoslavnoi tserkvi v postsovetskom obshchestve", in Sutton and Bercken, Orthodox Christianity, 271-85.
89. Daniel, Orthodox Church and Civil Society, 189.
90. See Lunkin, "Sotsial'noe sluzhenie"; Nikolai Mitrokhin, Russkaia pravoslavnaia tserkov': Sovremennoe sostoianie i aktual'nye problemy (Moscow: Novoe literatornoe obozrenie, 2004), 275-315.
91. See the Moscow Patriarchate's official page of social service, http://www.diaconia.ru.
92. Mitrokhin, Russkaia pravoslavnaia tserkov', 275-315.
93. Melissa Caldwell, "The Russian Orthodox Church, the Provision of Social Welfare, and Changing Ethics of Benevolence", in Eastern Christianities in Anthropological Perspective, ed. Chris Hann and Herman Goltz (forthcoming).
94. See Alexander Schmemann, For the Life of the World: Sacrament and Orthodoxy (Crestwood, N. Y.: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1973).
95. Florovsky, "Antinomies", 98.
96. See Konstantin Vasil'evich Kharlampovich, Archimandrite Makarii Glukharev-Founder of the Altai Mission, trans. James Lawton Haney (Lewiston, N. Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2001), esp. 21-47.
97. Constantelos, Poverty, Society and Philanthropy, 134.