Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

Solar Energy

Volumn 85, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 2264-2274

  Munoz, M A ^a   Alonso García, M C ^b   Vela, Nieves ^b   Chenlo, F ^b  

^a Electrotechnical Section   (Spain)

^b CIEMAT   (Spain)

Author keywords

Defects; Degradation; Module testing; PV module

Indexed keywords

DEFECT-FREE; FIELD MEASUREMENT; I - V CURVE; INSTALLED CAPACITY; IV CHARACTERISTICS; MANUFACTURING DEFECTS; MODULE TESTING; NORMAL OPERATIONS; OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS; OVER-VOLTAGES; POWER INVERTERS; PV MODULES; PV PLANTS; RELIABILITY TEST; STANDARD TESTS; THERMAL BEHAVIOURS; THERMAL EVALUATIONS; VISUAL INSPECTION; WHOLE PLANTS;

DEFECTS; DEGRADATION; ELECTRIC CONNECTORS; INFRARED IMAGING; MANUFACTURE;

PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECTS;

INFRARED IMAGERY; LUMINESCENCE; PRESSURE; SILICON; VOLUME;

SPAIN;

EID: 80051598371     PISSN: 0038092X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2011.06.011     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. ASIF, Informe Anual, 2010. Hacia la Implantación Internacional de la Fotovoltaica Española (2009 data are provisional).
2. Belyaev A., Polupan O., Dallas W., Ostapenko S., Hess D., Wohlgemuth J. Crack detection and analyses using resonance ultrasonic vibrations in full-size crystalline silicon wafers. Applied Physics Letters 2006, 88:111907-111907-3.
3. Breitenstein, O., Langenkamp, M., Rakotoniaina, J.P., Zettner, J., 2001. The imaging of shunts in solar cells by infrared lock-in thermography. In: Proceedings of the 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Munich, Germany, 2001, pp. 1499-1502.
4. Carr A.J., Prior T.L. A comparison of the performance of different PV module types in temperate climates. Solar Energy 2004, 76:285-294.
5. Dallas W., Polupan O., Ostapenko S. Resonance ultrasonic vibrations for crack detection in photovoltaic silicon wafers. Measurement Science and Technology 2007, 18:852-858.
6. European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA), 2010. Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics until 2014.
7. EuroObserver, 2010. Photovoltaic Barometer.
8. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, CENELEC. Standard EN 50380: datasheet and nameplate information for photovoltaic modules. CENELEC Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B 1050 Brussels, 2003.
9. Fuyuki, T., 2006. Luminoscopy. A versatile tool for the diagnosis of crystalline silicon solar cells utilizing electroluminescence. In: 9th International Conference on Polycrystalline Semicoductors, POLYSE.
10. Gautam Nalin K., Kaushika N.D. Reliability evaluation of solar photovoltaic arrays. Solar Energy 2002, 72(2):129-141.
11. Gi-Hwan Kang et al., 2010. Investigation of aging phenomenon and power drop rate with field exposed PV modules. In: Proceedings of the 25th EUPVSCE, Valencia, pp. 4015-4018.
12. Herrmann, W., Wiesner, W., Vaassen, W., 1997. Hot spot investigations on PV modules-new concepts for a test standard and consequences for module design with respect to bypass diodes. In: Conference Record of the 26th IEEE, Anaheim, 1997, pp. 1129-1132.
13. International Electrotechnical Commission, 1987. Standard IEC60891. Procedures for Temperature and Irradiance Corrections to Measured I-V Characteristics of Crystalline Silicon PV Devices, first ed. IEC Central Office, Geneva, Switzerland.
14. International Electrotechnical Commission, 1987. Standard IEC60904-1: Photovoltaic Devices. Part 1: Measurement of Photovoltaic Current-Voltage Characteristics. IEC Central Office, Geneva, Switzerland.
15. International Electrotechnical Commission, 1987. Standard IEC60904-3: Photovoltaic Devices. Part 3: Measurement Principles for Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Devices with Reference Spectral Irradiance Data. IEC Central Office, Geneva, Switzerland.
16. International Electrotechnical Commission, 1987. Standard IEC60904-9: Photovoltaic Devices. Part 9: Solar Simulator Performance Requirements. IEC Central Office, Geneva, Switzerland.
17. International Electrotechnical Commission, 1987. Standard IEC61215: Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules. Design Qualification and Type Approval IEC Central Office, Geneva, Switzerland.
18. Kasemann M., et al. Luminescence imaging for the detection of shunts on silicon solar cells. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2008, 16:297-305.
19. Kenny R.P., Dunlop E.D., Ossenbrink H.A., Müllejans H. A practical method for the energy rating of c-Si photovoltaic modules based on standard tests. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2006, 14(2):155-166.
20. King, D.L., Kratochvil, J.A., Boyson, W.E., 1997. Temperature coefficients for PV modules and arrays: measurement methods, difficulties, and results. In: Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Conference Record of the Twenty-Sixth IEEE.
21. Kirchartz, Thomas, et al., 2009. Reciprocity between electroluminescence and quantum efficiency used for the characterization of silicon solar cells. Progress in Photovoltaics. doi:10.1002/pip.895.
22. Krenzinger A., Andrade A.C. Accurate outdoor glass thermographic thermometry applied to solar energy devices. Solar Energy 2007, 81:1025-1034.
23. Lüthi S. Effective deployment of photovoltaics in the Mediterranean countries: balancing policy risk and return. Solar Energy 2010, 84:1059-1071.
24. Mau Stephan, Kramertz Thomas, Jahna Wolfgang, Fechner Hurbert, 2004. Quality testing for PV-modules according to standards and performance control for supporting manufacturing. In: Proceedings of the 19th EU PVSEC, Paris.
25. Molenbroek, E., Waddington, D.W., Emery, K.A., 1991. Hot spot susceptibility and testing of PV modules. In: Conference Record of the 22th IEEE, vol. 1. Las Vegas, 1991, pp. 547-552.
26. Monastyrskyi, A., Ostapenko, S., Polupan, O., Maeckel, H., Vazquez, M.A., 2008. Resonance ultrasonic vibrations for in-line crack detection in silicon wafers and solar cells. In: Proceedings of 33rd PVSC, 2008.
27. Munoz, M.A., Chenlo, F., Alonso-García, M.C., 2010. Influence of initial power stabilization over crystalline-Si photovoltaic modules maximum power. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. doi:10.1002/pip.1052.
28. Oreski G., Wallner G.M. Aging mechanisms of polymeric films for PV encapsulation. Solar Energy 2005, 79:612-617.
29. Oreski G., Wallner G.M. Evaluation of the aging behavior of ethylene copolymer films for solar applications under accelerated weathering conditions. Solar Energy 2009, 83:1040-1047.
30. Otwin Breitenstein, Jan Bauer, Thorsten Trupke, Robert A Bardos On the detection of shunts in silicon solar cells by photo- and electroluminescence imaging. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2008, 16:325-330.
31. Pantelis, N., Botsaris, John A., Tsanakas, 2010. Infrared thermography as an estimator technique of a photovoltaic module performance via operating temperarture measurements. In: The 10th European Conference on NDT, vol. 7-11. Moscow, Russia.
32. Parinya, P., et al., 2007. Correlation between electrical parameters of solar cells and temperature characteristics obtained from infrared thermography. Technical Digest of the International PVSEC-17, Fukuoka, Japan.
33. Parretta A., Bombace M., Graditia G., Schioppo R. Optical degradation of long-term, field-aged c-Si photovoltaic modules. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 2005, 86:349-364.
34. Pincel, S., Zenen, Y., Frank, O., Geipel, T., Berghold, J., 2009. Mechanical stability of solar cells within solar panels. In: Proceedings of the 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Hamburg, 2009, pp. 3459-3463.
35. Rappich J., Mueller M., Schneider F., Tributsch H. Thermographic sampling technique applied to microelectronics and photovoltaic devices. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 1998, 53:205-215.
36. Reis, A.M., Coleman, N.T., Marshall, M.W., Lehman, P.A., Chamberlin, C.E., 2002. Comparison of PV module performance before and after 11-years of field exposure. In: Proceedings of the 29th IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.
37. Rosella J.I., Ibáñez M. Modelling power output in photovoltaic modules for outdoor operating conditions. Energy Conversion and Management 2006, 47(15-16):2424-2430.
38. Roy J.N., Gariki Govardhan Raoi, Nagalakhsmi V. Reference module selection criteria for accurate testing of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Solar Energy 2010, 84:32-36.
39. Rueland, E., Herguth, A., Trummer, A., Wansleben, S., Fath, P., 2005. Optical u-crack detection in combination with stability testing for in-line inspection of wafers and cells. In: Proceedings of the 20th EU PVSEC, Barcelona, 2005, pp. 3242-3245.
40. Sanchez-Friera, Paula, Piliougine, Michel, Pelaez, Javier, Carretero, Jesus, de Cardona Mariano Sidrach, 2011. Analysis of degradation mechanisms of crystalline silicon PV modules after 12 years of operation in Southern Europe. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. doi:10.1002/pip.1083.
41. Skoczek A., Sample T., Dunlop E.D., Ossenbrink H.A. Electrical performance results from physical stress testing of comercial PV modules to the IEC61215 test sequence. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 2008, 92:1593-1604.