Erratum: Domains of depleted mantle: New evidence from hafnium and neodymium isotopes (Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (2011) 12 (Q08001) DOI: 10.1029/2011GC003617);Domains of depleted mantle: New evidence from hafnium and neodymium isotopes

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 12, Issue 8, 2011, Pages

  Salters, Vincent J M ^a   Mallick, Soumen ^a,b   Hart, Stanley R ^c   Langmuir, Charles E ^d   Stracke, Andreas ^e,f,g  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^c WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^d HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^f ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^g UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

hafnium; isotopes; MORB; neodymium

Indexed keywords

BASALT; HAFNIUM; NEODYMIUM; OCEANOGRAPHY; SUBMARINE GEOLOGY;

ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; MID OCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; MORB; ND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; OCEAN ISLAND BASALTS; SYSTEMATIC VARIATION;

ISOTOPES;

HAFNIUM; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; ISOTOPIC RATIO; MANTLE CHEMISTRY; MANTLE PLUME; MANTLE STRUCTURE; MELTING; MID-OCEAN RIDGE BASALT; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPE; OCEAN BASIN; OCEAN ISLAND BASALT;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 79961213995     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011GC003874     Document Type: Erratum

References (128)

1. Agranier, A., J. Blichert-Toft, D. Graham, V. Debaille, P. Schiano, and F. Albarede (2005), The spectra of isotopic heterogeneities along the mid-Atlantic Ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 238, 96-109, doi:10.1016/j.epsl. 2005.07.011. (Pubitemid 41472183)
2. Andres, M., J. Blichert-Toft, and J. G. Schilling (2002), Hafnium isotopes in basalts from the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 40°S to 55°S: Discovery and Shona plume- ridge interactions and the role of recycled sediments, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(10), 8502, doi:10.1029/ 2002GC000324.
3. Andres, M., J. Blichert-Toft, and J.-G. Schilling (2004), Nature of the depleted upper mantle beneath the Atlantic: Evidence from Hf isotopes in normal mid-ocean ridge basalts from 79°N to 55°S, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 225(1-2), 33-44.
4. Bedini, R. M., J. Blichert-Toft, M. Boyet, and F. Albarède (2004), Isotopic constraints on the cooling of the continental lithosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 223(1-2), 99-111, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.012. (Pubitemid 38768065)
5. Beier, C., A. Stracke, and K. M. Haase (2007), The peculiar geochemical signatures of São Miguel (Azores) lavas: Metasomatised or recycled mantle sources?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 259, 186-199, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04. 038. (Pubitemid 46947903)
6. Bizimis, M., J. C. Lassiter, V. J. M. Salters, G. Sen, and M. Griselin (2004), Extreme Hf-Os isotope compositions in Hawaiian peridotite xenoliths: Evidence for an ancient recycled lithosphere, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V51B-0550.
7. Bizimis, M., M. Griselin, J. C. Lassiter, V. J. M. Salters, and G. Sen (2007), Ancient recycled mantle lithosphere in the Hawaiian plume: Osmium-hafnium isotopic evidence from peridotite mantle xenoliths, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 257, 259-273, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.036. (Pubitemid 46593743)
8. Bizzarro, M., J. A. Baker, and D. Ulfbeck (2003), A new digestion and chemical separation technique for rapid and highly reproducible determination of Lu/Hf and Hf isotope ratios in geological materials by MC-ICP-MS, Geostand. Newsl., 27(2), 133-145, doi:10.1111/j.1751-908X.2003. tb00641.x.
9. Blichert-Toft, J. (2001), On the Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of silicate rocks, Geostand. Newsl., 25, 41-56, doi:10.1111/ j.1751-908X.2001.tb00786.x. (Pubitemid 43892071)
10. Blichert-Toft, J., and W. M. White (2001), Hf isotope geochemistry of the Galapagos Islands, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2(9), 1043, doi:10.1029/ 2000GC000138.
11. Blichert-Toft, J., F. A. Frey, and F. Albarède (1999), Hf isotope evidence for pelagic sediments in the source of Hawaiian basalts, Science, 285, 879-882, doi:10.1126/ science.285.5429.879. (Pubitemid 29381986)
12. Blichert-Toft, J., A. Agranier, M. Andres, R. Kingsley, J. G. Schilling, and F. Albarède (2005), Geochemical segmentation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Iceland and ridge-hot spot interaction in the North Atlantic, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q01E19, doi:10.1029/2004GC000788.
13. Bouvier, A., J. D. Vervoort, and J. P. Patchett (2008), The Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopic composition of CHUR: Constraints from unequilibrated chondrites and implications for the bulk composition of terrestrial planets, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 273, 48-57, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.010.
14. Carlson, R. W., and A. J. Irving (1994), Depletion and enrichment history of subcontinental lithospheric mantle: An Os, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic study of ultramafic xenoliths from the northwestern Wyoming Craton, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 126, 457-472, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90124-4.
15. Castillo, P., and R. Batiza (1989), Strontium, neodymium and lead isotope constraints on near-ridge seamount production beneath the South Atlantic, Nature, 342, 262-265, doi:10.1038/342262a0. (Pubitemid 20410457)
16. Castillo, P. R., J. H. Natland, Y. Niu, and P. F. Lonsdale (1998), Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic variation along the Pacific- Antarctic risecrest, 53-57°S: Implications for the composition and dynamics of the South Pacific upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 154, 109-125, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97) 00172-6.
17. Castillo, P. R., E. M. Klein, J. Bender, C. H. Langmuir, S. B. Shirey, R. Batiza, and W. M. White (2000), Petrology and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses from the 11°45'N to 15°00'N segment of the East Pacific Rise, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 1(11), 1011, doi:10.1029/1999GC000024.
18. Chauvel, C., and J. Blichert-Toft (2001), A hafnium isotope and trace element perspective on melting of the depleted mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 190, 137-151, doi:10.1016/ S0012-821X(01)00379-X. (Pubitemid 32792285)
19. Davis, A. S., D. A. Clague, B. Cousens, R. Keaten, and J. B. Paduan (2008), Geochemistry of basalt from the North Gorda segment of the Gorda Ridge: Evolution toward ultraslow spreading ridge lavas due to decreasing magma supply, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q04004, doi:10.1029/ 2007GC001775.
20. Debaille, V., J. Blichert-Toft, A. Agranier, R. Doucelance, P. Schiano, and F. Albarede (2006), Geochemical component relationships in MORB from the mid-Atlantic Ridge, 22-35°N, Earth Planet . Sci. Lett . , 241, 844-862, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.004. (Pubitemid 43102225)
21. Donnelly, K. (2002), The genesis of E-MORB: Extensions and limitations of the hot spot model, Ph.D. thesis, 329 pp., Columbia Univ., New York.
22. Dosso, L., H. Bougault, C. H. Langmuir, C. Bollinger, O. Bonnier, and J. Etouable (1999), The age and distribution of mantle heterogeneity along the mid-Atlantic Ridge (31-41°N), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 170, 269-286, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00109-0. (Pubitemid 29494351)
23. Dostal, J., B. Cousens, and C. Dupuy (1998), The incompatible element characteristics of an ancient subducted sedimentary component in ocean island basalts from French Polynesia, J. Petrol., 39, 937-952, doi:10.1093/petrology/ 39.5.937. (Pubitemid 28415902)
24. Doucet, S., D. Weis, J. S. Scoates, K. Nicolaysen, F. A. Frey, and A. Giret (2002), The depleted mantle component in Kerguelen Archipelago basalts: Petrogenesis of tholeiitictransitional basalts from the Loranchet Peninsula, Petrology, 43(7), 1341-1366, doi:10.1093/petrology/43.7.1341. (Pubitemid 34794125)
25. Doucet, S., J. S. Scoates, D. Weis, and A. Giret (2005), Constraining the components of the Kerguelen mantle plume: A Hf-Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic study of picrites and high-MgO basalts from the Kerguelen Archipelago, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q04007, doi:10.1029/2004GC000806.
26. Douglass, J., J.-G. Schilling, and D. Fontignie (1999), Plumeridge interactions of the Discovery and Shona mantle plumes with the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (40°-55°S), J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2941-2962, doi:10.1029/98JB02642. (Pubitemid 29276226)
27. Dupré, B., and C. J. Allègre (1983), Pb-Sr isotope variation in Indian Ocean and mixing phenomena, Nature, 303, 142-146, doi:10.1038/303142a0.
28. Dupuy, C., H. G. Barsczus, J. M. Liotard, and J. Dostal (1988), Trace element evidence for the origin of ocean island basalts: An example from the Austral Islands (French Polynesia), Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 98, 293-302, doi:10.1007/ BF00375180.
29. Dupuy, C., H. G. Barsczus, J. Dostal, P. Vidal, and J. M. Liotard (1989), Subducted and recycled lithosphere as the mantle source of ocean island basalts from southern Polynesia, central Pacific, Chem. Geol., 77(1), 1-18, doi:10.1016/0009- 2541(89)90010-7.
30. Eisele, J., M. Sharma, S. J. G. Galer, J. Blichert-Toft, C. W. Devey, and A. W. Hofmann (2002), The role of sediment recycling in EM-I inferred from Os, Pb, Hf, Nd, Sr isotope and trace element systematics of the Pitcairn hotspot, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 196, 197-212, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01) 00601-X. (Pubitemid 34495163)
31. Elliott, T., J. Blichert-Toft, A. Heumann, G. Koetsier, and V. Forjaz (2007), The origin of enriched mantle beneath São Miguel, Azores, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71, 219-240, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.043. (Pubitemid 44929353)
32. Elthon, D. (1992), Chemical trends in abyssal peridotites: Refertilization of depleted suboceanic mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9015-9025, doi:10.1029/92JB00723.
33. England, J. G., et al. (1992), The Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory Isolab 54 isotope ratio mass spectrometer, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 121, 201-240, doi:10.1016/ 0168-1176(92)80063-7.
34. Frey, F. A., S. Huang, J. Blichert-Toft, M. Regelous, and M. Boyet (2005), Origin of depleted components in basalt related to the Hawaiian hot spot: Evidence from isotopic and incompatible element ratios, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q02L07, doi:10.1029/2004GC000757.
35. Goldstein, S. J., G. Soffer, C. Langmuir, K. Lehnert, D. Graham, and P. J. Michael (2008), Origin of a 'Southern Hemisphere' geochemical signature in the Arctic upper mantle, Nature, 453, 89-93, doi:10.1038/nature06919. (Pubitemid 351630333)
36. Graham, D. W., J. Blichert-Toft, C. J. Russo, K. H. Rubin, and F. Albarede (2006), Cryptic striations in the upper mantle revealed by hafnium isotopes in southeast Indian ridge basalts, Nature, 440, 199-202, doi:10.1038/nature04582. (Pubitemid 43372095)
37. Hall, L. S., J. J. Mahoney, and J. W. Sinton (2006), Spatial and temporal distribution of a C-like asthenospheric component in the Rano Rahi Seamount Field, East Pacific Rise, 15°-19°S, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q03009, doi:10.1029/ 2005GC000994.
38. Hamelin, C., L. Dosso, B. B. Hanan, J.-A. Barrat, and H. Ondreas (2010), Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes along the Pacific Antarctic Ridge from 41 to 53°N, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10303, doi:10.1029/2010GL042979.
39. Hanan, B. B., and D. W. Graham (1996), Lead and helium isotope evidence from oceanic basalts for a common deep source of mantle plumes, Science, 272, 991-995, doi:10.1126/science.272.5264.991.
40. Hanan, B. B., J. Blichert-Toft, D. G. Pyle, and D. M. Christie (2004), Contrasting origins of the upper mantle revealed by hafnium and lead isotopes from the Southeast Indian Ridge, Nature, 432(7013), 91-94, doi:10.1038/ nature03026. (Pubitemid 39490831)
41. Hart, S. R., and C. Brooks (1977), The geochemistry and evolution of the early precambrian mantle, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 61, 109-128, doi:10.1007/BF00374362.
42. Hart, S. R., E. H. Hauri, L. A. Oschmann, and J. A. Whitehead (1992), Mantle plumes and entrainment: Isotopic evidence, Science, 256, 517-520, doi:10.1126/science.256.5056.517.
43. Hellebrand, E., J. E. Snow, P. Hoppe, and A. W. Hofman (2002), Garnet-field melting and Late-stage refertilization in 'Residual' abyssal peridotites from the Central Indian Ridge, J. Petrol., 43(12), 2305-2338, doi:10.1093/petrology/ 43.12.2305. (Pubitemid 36036678)
44. Ingle, S., D. Weis, S. Doucet, and N. Matielli (2003), Hf isotope constraints on mantle sources and shallow-level contaminants during Kerguelen hot spot activity since 120 Ma, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(8), 1068, doi:10.1029/ 2002GC000482.
45. Ingle, S., G. Ito, J. J. Mahoney, W. J. Chazey III, J. Sinton, M. Rotella, and D. Christie (2010), Mechanisms of geochemical and geophysical variations along the western Galapagos Spreading Center, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11, Q04003, doi:10.1029/2009GC002694.
46. Ionov, D., I. Ashchepkov, and E. Jagoutz (2005a), The provenance of fertile off-craton lithospheric mantle: Sr-Nd isotope and chemical composition of garnet and spinel peridotite xenoliths from Vitim, Siberia, Chem. Geol., 217, 41-75, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.12.001. (Pubitemid 40393562)
47. Ionov, D. A., J. Blichert-Toft, and D. Weis (2005b), Hf isotope compositions and HREE variations in off-craton garnet and spinel peridotite xenoliths from central Asia, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69(9), 2399-2418, doi:10.1016/j.gca. 2004.11.008. (Pubitemid 40595479)
48. Ito, G., and J. J. Mahoney (2005), Flow and melting of a heterogeneous mantle: 1. Method and importance to the geochemistry of ocean island and mid-ocean ridge basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 230(1-2), 29-46, doi:10.1016/j.epsl. 2004.10.035. (Pubitemid 40112449)
49. Jackson, M. G., S. R. Hart, A. A. P. Koppers, H. Staudigel, J. Konter, J. Blusztajn, M. D. Kurz, and J. A. Russell (2007a), The return of subducted continental crust in Samoan lavas, Nature, 448, 684-687, doi:10.1038/ nature06048. (Pubitemid 47236864)
50. 4He mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 264, 360-374, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007. 09.023. (Pubitemid 350131399)
51. Janney, P. E., A. P. Le Roex, and R. W. Carlson (2005), Hafnium isotope and trace element constraints on the nature of mantle heterogeneity beneath the Central Southwest Indian Ridge (13°E to 47°E), J. Petrol., 46(12), 2427-2464, doi:10.1093/petrology/egi060. (Pubitemid 41662808)
52. Johnson, K. T. M. (1998), Experimental determination of partition coefficients for rare earth and high-field strength elements between clinopyroxene, garnet and basaltic melt at high pressures, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 133, 60-68, doi:10.1007/s004100050437. (Pubitemid 128683484)
53. Johnson, K. T. M., and H. J. B. Dick (1992), Open system melting and temporal and spatial variation of peridotite and basalt at the Atlantis II fracture zone, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9219-9241, doi:10.1029/92JB00701.
54. Johnson, K. T. M., H. J. B. Dick, and N. Shimizu (1990), Melting in the oceanic upper mantle: An ion microprobe study of diopsides in abyssal peridotites, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2661-2678, doi:10.1029/JB095iB03p02661.
55. Kingsley, R. H., J. Blichert-Toft, D. Fontignie, and J.-G. Schilling (2007), Hafnium, neodymium, and strontium isotope and parent-daughter element systematics in basalts from the plume-ridge interaction system of the Salas y Gomez Seamount Chain and Easter Microplate, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, Q04005, doi:10.1029/2006GC001401.
56. Klein, E. M., C. H. Langmuir, A. Zindler, H. Staudigel, and B. Hamelin (1988), Isotopic evidence of a mantle convection boundary at the Australian-Antarctic Discordance, Nature, 333, 623-629, doi:10.1038/333623a0.
57. Langmuir, C. H., J. F. Bender, and R. Batiza (1986), Petrological and tectonic segmentation of the East Pacific Rise, 5°30'-14°30'N, Nature, 322, 422-429, doi:10.1038/322422a0.
58. Lassiter, J. C., J. Blichert-Toft, E. H. Hauri, and H. G. Barsczus (2003), Isotope and trace element variations in lavas from Raivavae and Rapa, Cook-Austral islands: Constraints on the nature of HIMU- and EM-mantle and the origin of mid-plate volcanism in French Polynesia, Chem. Geol., 202(1-2), 115-138, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.08.002. (Pubitemid 38033754)
59. le Roex, A. P., H. J. B. Dick, and R. T. Watkins (1992), Petrogenesis of anomalous K-enriched MORB from the Southwest Indian Ridge: 11°53'E to 14°38'E, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 110, 253-268, doi:10.1007/BF00310742.
60. Longhi, J. (2002), Some phase equilibrium systematics of lherzolite melting: I, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(3), 1020, doi:10.1029/2001GC000204.
61. 204Pb mid-ocean ridge basalt: Isotope systematics of the Central Southwest Indian Ridge (17-50E), J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,771-19,790.
62. Mahoney, J. J., J. M. Sinton, M. D. Kurz, J. D. Macdougall, K. J. Spencer, and G. W. Lugmair (1994), Isotope and trace element characteristics of a super-fast spreading ridge: East Pacific Rise, 13-23°S, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 121, 173-193, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90039-6. (Pubitemid 24422833)
63. Mahoney, J. J., D. W. Graham, D. M. Christie, K. T. M. Johnson, L. S. Hall, and D. L. Vonderhaar (2002), Between a hotspot and a cold spot: Isotopic variation in the Southeast Indian Ridge asthenosphere, 86°E-118°E, J. Petrol., 43(7), 1155-1176, doi:10.1093/petrology/43.7.1155. (Pubitemid 34794117)
64. Manhès, G., J.-P. Minster, and C. J. Allègre (1978), Comparative uranium-thorium-lead and rubidium-strontium of St. Severin amphoterite: Consequences for early solar system chronology, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 39, 14-24, doi:10.1016/ 0012-821X(78)90137-1.
65. 238U disequilibrium and the melting processes beneath ridge axes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 72, 149-157, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(85)90001-9.
66. Mertz, D. F., and K. M. Haase (1997), The radiogenic isotope composition of the high-latitude North Atlantic mantle, Geology, 25(5), 411-414, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1997) 025<0411:TRICOT>2.3.CO;2
67. Meyzen, C. M., J. N. Ludden, E. Humler, B. Luais, M. J. Toplis, C. Mevel, and M. Storey (2005), New insights into the origin and distribution of the DUPAL isotope anomaly in the Indian Ocean mantle from MORB of the Southwest Indian Ridge, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q11K11, doi:10.1029/2005GC000979.
68. Meyzen, C. M., J. Blichert-Toft, J. N. Ludden, E. Humler, C. Mevel, and F. Albarede (2007), Isotopic portrayal of the Earth's upper mantle flow field, Nature, 447, 1069-1074, doi:10.1038/nature05920. (Pubitemid 47014432)
69. Michard, A., R. Montigny, and R. Schlich (1986), Geochemistry of the mantle below the Rodriques Triple junction and the South East Indian Ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 78, 104-114, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(86)90176-7.
70. Münker, C., S. Weyer, E. Scherer, and K. Mezger (2001), Separation of high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf) and Lu from rock samples for MC-ICPMS measurements, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2(12), 1064, doi:10.1029/ 2001GC000183.
71. Murton, B. J., R. N. Taylor, and M. F. Thirlwall (2002), The radiogenic isotope composition of the high-latitude North Atlantic mantle, J. Petrol., 43(11), 1987-2012, doi:10.1093/petrology/43.11.1987.
72. Niu, Y., K. Collerson, R. Batiza, J. Wendt, and M. Regelous (1999), Origin of enriched-type mid-ocean ridge basalt at ridges far from mantle plumes: The East Pacific Rise at 11'20'', J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7067-7087. (Pubitemid 29363378)
73. Nowell, G. M., P. D. Kempton, S. R. Noble, J. G. Fitton, A. D. Saunders, J. J. Mahoney, and R. N. Taylor (1998), High precision Hf isotope measurements of MORB and OIB by thermal ionization mass spectrometry: Insights into the depleted mantle, Chem. Geol., 149, 211-233, doi:10.1016/ S0009-2541(98)00036-9. (Pubitemid 29007214)
74. Patchett, P. J. (1983), Hafnium isotope results from mid-ocean ridges and Kerguelen, Lithos, 16, 47-51, doi:10.1016/0024- 4937(83)90033-6.
75. Patchett, P. J., and M. Tatsumoto (1980), Hafnium isotope variations in oceanic basalts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 1077-1080, doi:10.1029/GL007i012p01077.
76. Pearce, J. A., P. D. Kempton, G. M. Nowell, and S. R. Noble (1999), Hf-Nd element and isotope perspective on the nature and provenance of mantle and subduction components in Western Pacific Arc-Basin systems, J. Petrol., 40, 1579-1611, doi:10.1093/petrology/40.11.1579. (Pubitemid 30031513)
77. Perfit, M. R. (1977), Petrology and geochemistry of mafic rocks from the Cayman Trench: Evidence for spreading, Geology, 5, 105-110, doi:10.1130/0091- 7613(1977)5<105: PAGOMR>2.0.CO;2
78. Perfit, M. R., and B. C. Heezen (1978), Geology and evolution of Cayman trench, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 89, 1155-1174, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1978) 89<1155:TGAEOT> 2.0. CO;2
79. Pertermann, M., and M. M. Hirschmann (2003), Partial melting experiments on a MORB-like pyroxenite between 2 and 3 GPa: Constraints on the presence of pyroxenite in basalt source regions from solidus location and melting rate, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B2), 2125, doi:10.1029/2000JB000118.
80. Pertermann, M., M. M. Hirschman, K. Hametner, D. Günther, and M. W. Schmidt (2004), Experimental determination of trace element partitioning between garnet and silica-rich liquid during anhydrous partial melting of MORB-like eclogite, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q05A01, doi:10.1029/ 2003GC000638.
81. Phipps Morgan, J. (1999), Isotope topology of individual hotspot basalt arrays: Mixing curves or melt trajectories?, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 1(1), 1003, doi:10.1029/ 1999GC000004.
82. Pin, C., and J. F. S. Zalduegui (1997), Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements, thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: Application to isotopic analyses of silicate rock, Anal. Chim. Acta, 339(1-2), 79-89, doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00499-0. (Pubitemid 27096504)
83. Regelous, M., Y. Niu, R. Batiza, A. Greig, and K. D. Collerson (1999), Variations in the geochemistry of magmatism on the East pacific rise at 10°30'N since 800ka, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 168, 45-63, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00048-5. (Pubitemid 29306329)
84. Reisberg, L., A. Zindler, F. Marcantonio, W. White, D. Wyman, and B. Weaver (1993), Os isotope systematics in ocean island basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120, 149-167, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(93)90236-3. (Pubitemid 24422819)
85. Richard, P. N., N. Shimizu, and C. J. Allègre (1976), 143Nd/144Nd, a natural tracer: An application to oceanic basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 31, 269-278, doi:10.1016/0012- 821X(76)90219-3.
86. 177Hf determination in small samples by a high temperature SIMS technique, Anal. Chem., 66, 4186-4189, doi:10.1021/ac00095a012. (Pubitemid 124006362)
87. Salters, V. J. M. (1996), The generation of mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Hf and Nd isotope perspective, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 141, 109-123, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96) 00070-2.
88. Salters, V. J. M., and H. J. B. Dick (2002), Mineralogy of the mid-ocean ridge basalt source from neodymium isotopic composition in abyssal peridotites, Nature, 418, 68-72, doi:10.1038/nature00798. (Pubitemid 34742571)
89. Salters, V. J. M., and S. R. Hart (1989), The Hf-paradox, and the role of garnet in the MORB source, Nature, 342, 420-422, doi:10.1038/342420a0. (Pubitemid 20410453)
90. Salters, V. J. M., and S. R. Hart (1991), The mantle sources of ocean islands and arc basalts: The Hf isotope connection, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 104, 364-380, doi:10.1016/0012- 821X(91)90216-5.
91. Salters, V. J. M., and J. E. Longhi (1999), Trace element partitioning during the initial stages of melting beneath ocean ridges, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 166, 15-30, doi:10.1016/ S0012-821X(98)00271-4. (Pubitemid 29427520)
92. Salters, V. J. M., and A. Sachi-Kocher (2010), An ancient metasomatic source for the Walvis Ridge basalts, Chem. Geol., 273, 151-167, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.02.010.
93. Salters, V. J. M., and A. Stracke (2004), Composition of the depleted mantle, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q05B07, doi:10.1029/2003GC000597.
94. Salters, V. J. M., and W. M. White (1998), Hf isotope constraints on mantle evolution, Chem. Geol., 145, 447-460, doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00154-X. (Pubitemid 28426472)
95. 177Hf in the sub-oceanic mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 129, 13-30, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)00234-P.
96. Salters, V. J. M., J. Longhi, and M. Bizimis (2002), Near mantle solidus trace element partitioning at pressures up to 3.4 GPa, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(7), 1038, doi:10.1029/2001GC000148.
97. Salters, V. J. M., J. Blichert-Toft, Z. Fekiacova, A. Sachi- Kocher, and M. Bizimis (2006), Isotope and trace element evidence for depleted lithosphere in the source of enriched Ko'olau basalts, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 151(3), 297-312, doi:10.1007/s00410-005-0059-y.
98. Scheirer, D. S., K. C. MacDonald, D. W. Forsyth, and Y. Shen (1996), Abundant seamounts of the Rano Rahi seamount field near the southern East Pacific Rise, 15° to 19°S, Mar. Geophys. Res., 18(1), 13-52, doi:10.1007/BF00286202.
99. Schilling, J.-G., B. B. Hanan, B. McCully, R. H. Kingsley, and D. Fontignie (1994), Influence of the Sierra Leone mantle plume on the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge: A Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,005-12,028, doi:10.1029/94JB00337.
100. Schilling, J.-G., D. Fontignie, J. Blichert-Toft, R. Kingsley, and U. Tomza (2003), Pb-Hf-Nd-Sr isotope variations along the Galápagos Spreading Center (101-83W): Constraints on the dispersal of the Galápagos mantle plume, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(10), 8512, doi:10.1029/ 2002GC000495.
101. Schmidberger, S. S., A. Simonetti, D. Francis, and C. Gariépy (2002), Probing Archean lithosphere using the Lu-Hf isotope systematics of peridotite xenoliths from Somerset Island kimberlites, Canada, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 197, 245-259, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00491-0. (Pubitemid 34519927)
102. Simon, N. S. C., R. W. Carlson, D. G. Pearson, and G. R. Davies (2007), The origin and evolution of the Kaapvaal cratonic lithospheric mantle, J. Petrol., 48(3), 589-625, doi:10.1093/petrology/egl074. (Pubitemid 46344741)
103. Sims, K. W. W., et al. (2002), Chemical and isotopic constraints on the generation and transport of magma beneath the East Pacific Rise, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 3481-3504, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00909-2. (Pubitemid 35225044)
104. Stracke, A., and B. Bourdon (2009), The importance of melt extraction for tracing mantle heterogeneity, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 218-238, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008. 10.015.
105. Stracke, A., and J. E. Snow (2009), The Earth's mantle is more depleted than we thought, Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V24A-03.
106. Stracke, A., M. Bizimis, and V. J. M. Salters (2003a), Recycling oceanic crust: Quantitative constraints, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(3), 8003, doi:10.1029/2001GC000223.
107. Stracke, A., A. Zindler, V. J. M. Salters, D. McKenzie, J. Blichert-Toft, F. Albarède, and K. Grönvold (2003b), Theistareykir revisited, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(2), 8507, doi:10.1029/2001GC000201.
108. Stracke, A., A. W. Hofmann, and S. R. Hart (2005), FOZO, HIMU and the rest of the mantle zoo, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q05007, doi:10.1029/2004GC000824.
109. Thompson, G., W. B. Bryan, and W. G. Melson (1980), Geological and geophysical investigation of the Mid-Cayman Rise spreading center: Geochemical variation and petrogenesis of basalt glasses, J. Geol., 88, 41-55, doi:10.1086/ 628472.
110. Van Orman, J. A., T. L. Grove, N. Shimizu, and G. D. Layne (2002), Rare earth element diffusion in a natural pyrope single crystal at 2.8 GPa, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 142(4), 416-424, doi:10.1007/s004100100304. (Pubitemid 34082420)
111. van Westrenen, W., J. D. Blundy, and B. J. Wood (2001), High field strength element/rare earth element fractionation during partial melting in the presence of garnet: Implications for identification of mantle heterogeneities, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2(7), 1039, doi:10.1029/2000GC000133.
112. Vervoort, J. D., P. J. Patchett, G. E. Gehrels, and A. P. Nutman (1996), Constraints in early Earth differentiation from hafnium and neodymium isotopes, Nature, 379, 624-627, doi:10.1038/379624a0. (Pubitemid 26468560)
113. Vervoort, J. D., P. J. Patchett, J. Blichert-Toft, and F. Albarède (1999), Relationships between Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopic systems in the global sedimentary system, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 168, 79-99, doi:10.1016/S0012- 821X(99)00047-3. (Pubitemid 29306331)
114. Vlastélic, I., D. Aslanian, L. Dosso, H. Bougault, J. L. Olivet, and L. Géli (1999), Large-scale chemical and thermal division of the Pacific mantle, Nature, 399, 345-350, doi:10.1038/ 20664. (Pubitemid 29318130)
115. Vlastélic, I., L. Dosso, H. Bougault, D. Aslanian, L. Geli, J. Etouable, M. Bohn, J. L. Joron, and C. Bollinger (2000), Chemical systematics of an intermediate spreading ridge: The Pacific-Antarctic Ridge between 56°S and 66°S, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B2), 2915-2936, doi:10.1029/ 1999JB900234.
116. White, W. M., and A. W. Hofmann (1982a), Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry of oceanic basalts and mantle evolution, Nature, 296, 821-825, doi:10.1038/296821a0.
117. White, W. M., and A. W. Hofmann (1982b), Mantle heterogeneity and isotopes in oceanic basalts, Nature, 295, 363-364, doi:10.1038/295363a0.
118. White, W. M., A. W. Hofmann, and H. Puchelt (1987), Isotope geochemistry of Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalts, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4881-4893, doi:10.1029/JB092iB06p04881.
119. White, W. M., A. R. McBirney, and R. A. Duncan (1993), Petrology and geochemistry of the Galápagos Islands: Portrait of a pathological mantle plume, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19,533-19,563.
120. Willbold, M., and A. Stracke (2006), Trace element composition of mantle end-members: Implications for recycling of oceanic and upper and lower continental crust, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q04004, doi:10.1029/ 2005GC001005.
121. Willbold, M., and A. Stracke (2010), Formation of enriched mantle components by recycling of upper and lower continental crust, Chem. Geol., 276, 188-197, doi:10.1016/j. chemgeo.2010.06.005.
122. Woodhead, J. D., P. Greenwood, S. R. Harmon, and P. Stoffers (1993), Oxygen isotope evidence for recycled crust in the source of EM-type oceanic island basalts, Nature, 362, 809-813, doi:10.1038/362809a0. (Pubitemid 23391778)
123. Workman, R., S. R. Hart, M. Jackson, M. Regelous, K. A. Farley, J. Blusztajn, M. D. Kurz, and H. Staudigel (2004), Recycled metasomatized lithosphere as the origin of the Enriched Mantle II (EM2) end-member: Evidence from the Samoan Volcanic Chain, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q04008, doi:10.1029/2003GC000623.
124. Xu, G., F. A. Frey, D. Weis, J. S. Scoates, and A. Giret (2007), Flood basalts from Mt. Capitole in the central Kerguelen Archipelago: Insights into the growth of the archipelago and source components contributing to plume-related volcanism, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, Q06007, doi:10.1029/2007GC001608.
125. York, D. (1966), Least-squares fitting of a straight line, Can. J. Phys., 44, 1079-1086, doi:10.1139/p66-090.
126. Yu, D., D. Fontignie, and J.-G. Schilling (1997), Mantle plume-ridge interactions in the central North Atlantic: A Nd isotope study of Mid-Atlantic ridge basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146, 259-272, doi:10.1016/S0012- 821X(96) 00221-X.
127. Zhu, W. L., G. A. Gaetani, F. Fusseis, L. Montesi, and F. De Carlo (2011), Microtomography of partial molten rocks: Three-dimensional melt distribution in mantle peridotite, Science, 332, 88-91, doi:10.1126/science. 1202221.
128. Zindler, A., and S. R. Hart (1986), Chemical geodynamics, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 14, 493-571, doi:10.1146/ annurev.ea.14.050186.002425.