Geochemistry of basalt from the North Gorda segment of the Gorda Ridge: Evolution toward ultraslow spreading ridge lavas due to decreasing magma supply

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2008, Pages

  Davis, A S ^a   Clague, D A ^a   Cousens, B L ^b   Keaten, R ^a   Paduan, J B ^a  

^a MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Geochemistry; Gorda Ridge; Isotopes; Mid ocean ridge; Trace elements

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649237226     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007GC001775     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Basaltic Volcanism Study Project (1981), Basaltic volcanism on the terrestrial planets, pp. 132-157, Pergamon, New York.
2. Batiza, R., B. R. Rosendahl, and R. L. Fisher (1977), Evolution of ocean crust: 3. Petrology and geochemistry of basalts from the East Pacific Rise and Siqueiros transform fault, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 265-276.
3. Byerly, G. R., W. G. Melson, and P. R. Vogt (1976), Rhyodacites, andesites, ferrobasalts and ocean tholeiites from the Galapagos spreading center, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 30, 215-221.
4. Chadwick, W. W., Jr., R. W. Embley, and T. M. Shank (1998), The 1996 Gorda Ridge eruption: Geologic mapping, sidescan sonar, and SeaBeam comparison results, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45, 2547-2569.
5. Castillo, P. R., E. Klein, J. Bender, C. Langmuir, S. Shirey, R. Batiza, and W. White (2000), Petrology and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses from the 11°45′N to 15°00′N segment of the East PacificRise, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 1(11), doi:10.1029/1999GC000024.
6. Church, S. E., and M. Tatsumoto (1975), Lead isotope relations in oceanic ridge basalts from the Juan de Fuca-Gorda Ridge area, N. E. Pacific Ocean, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 53, 253-279.
7. Clague, D. A., A. S. Davis, and J. E. Dixon (2003), Submarine strombolian eruptions on the Gorda mid-ocean ridge, in Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.140, edited by J. D. L. White, J. L. Smellie, and D. A. Clague, pp. 111-128, AGU, Washington, D. C.
8. Clague, D. A., W.W. Chadwick, A. S. Davis, J. W. Head, L. G. Mastin, J. B. Paduan, S. L. Ross, L. Wilson, and R. A. Zierenberg (2005), A new look at the 1996 Gorda Ridge Eruption, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T41E-1360.
9. Cousens, B. L. (1996a), Magmatic evolution of Quaternary mafic magmas at Long Valley caldera and Devils Postpile, California: Effects of crustal contamination on lithospheric mantle-derived magmas, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27,673-27,689.
10. Cousens, B. L. (1996b), Depleted and enriched upper mantle sources for basaltic rocks from diverse tectonic environments in the northeast Pacific Ocean: The generation of oceanic alkaline vs. tholeiitic basalts, in Earth Processes: Reading the Isotopic Code, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.95, edited by A. Basu and S. R. Hart, pp. 207-231, AGU, Washington, D. C.
11. Davis, A. S., and D. A. Clague (1987), Geochemistry, mineralogy, and petrogenesis of basalt from the Gorda Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10,467-10,483.
12. Davis, A. S., and D. A. Clague (1990), Gabbroic xenoliths from the northern Gorda Ridge: Implications for magma chamber processes under slow-spreading centers, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10,885-10,990.
13. Davis, A. S., and D. A. Clague (2000), President Jackson Seamounts, northern Gorda Ridge: Tectonomagmatic relationship between on- and off-axis volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27,939-27,956.
14. Davis, A. S., and D. A. Clague (2003), Got glass? Glass from sediment and foraminifera tests contribute clues to volcanic history, Geology, 31, 103-106.
15. Davis, A. S., D. A. Clague, and W. F. Friesen (1994), Petrology and mineral chemistry of basalt from Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge, U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 2022, 153-170.
16. Davis, A. S., D. A. Clague, and W. M. White (1998), Geochemistry of basalt from Escanaba Trough: Evidence for sediment contamination, J. Petrol., 39, 841-858.
17. Devey, C.W., C.-D. Garbe-Schoenberg, P. Stoffers, C. Chauvel, and D. F. Metz (1994), Geochemical effects of dynamic melting beneath ridges: Reconciling major and trace element variations in Kolbeinsey (and global) mid-ocean ridge basalt, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 9077-9095.
18. Dick, H. J., J. Lin, and H. Schouten (2003), An ultraslowspreading class of ocean ridges, Nature, 426, 405-411.
19. Dosso, L., H. Bougault, and J.-L. Joron (1993), Geochemical morphology of the north Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 10°-24°N: Trace element-isotope complementarity, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120, 443-462.
20. Eaby, J. E., D. A. Clague, and J. R. Delaney (1984), Sr isotopic variations along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7883-7890.
21. Fornari, D. J., M. R. Perfit, J. F. Allan, and R. Batiza (1988), Small-scale heterogeneities in depleted mantle sources: Near-ridge seamount lava geochemistry and implications for mid-ocean-ridge magmatic processes, Nature, 331, 511-513, 6156, doi:10.1038/331511a0.
22. Fox, P. J., N. R. Grindlay, and K. C. Macdonald (1991), The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (31°S-34°300S): Temporal and spatial variations of accretionary processes, Mar. Geophys. Res., 13, 1-20.
23. 238U-230Th disequilibrium, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 109, 255-272.
24. Graham, D. W., K. T. M. Johnson, L. D. Priebe, and J. E. Lupton (1999), Hotspot-ridge interaction along the Southeast Indian Ridge near Amsterdam and St. Paul islands: Helium isotope evidence, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 167, 297-310.
25. Haase, K. M., and C. W. Devey (1996), Geochemistry of lavas from the Ahu and Tupa volcanic fields, Easter hotspot, southeast Pacific: Implications for intraplate magma genesis near a spreading ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 137, 129-143.
26. Haase, K. M., C. W. Devey, D. F. Mertz, P. Stoffers, and D. Garbe-Schoenberg (1996), Geochemistry of lavas from Mohns Ridge, Norwegian-Greenland Sea: Implications for melting conditions and magma sources near Jan Mayen, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 123, 223-237.
27. Haase, K. M., P. Stoffers, and D. Garbe-Schönberg (1997), The petrogenetic evolution of lavas from Easter Island and neighbouring seamounts, near-ridge hotspot volcanoes in the SE Pacific, J. Petrol., 38, 785-813.
28. Haase, K. M., C. W. Devey, and M. Wienke (2003), Magmatic processes and mantle heterogeneity beneath the slow-spreading Kolbeinsey Ridge segment, North Atlantic, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 144, 428-448.
29. Harpp, K., and D. Geist (2002), Wolf-Darwin lineament and plume-ridge interaction in northern Galápagos, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst . , 3(11), 8504, doi:10.1029/2002GC000370.
30. Hellebrand, E., J. E. Snow, and R. Muehe (2001), Mantle melting beneath Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean): Abyssal peridotite spinel compositions, Chem. Geol., 182, 227-235.
31. Hellevang, B., and R. B. Pedersen (2005), Magmatic segmentation of the northern Knipovich Ridge: Evidence for high-pressure fractionation at an ultraslow spreading ridge, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q09007, doi:10.1029/2004GC000898.
32. Hofmann, A. W. (1997), Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism, Nature, 385, 219-229.
33. Ito, E., W. M. White, and C. Gopel (1987), The O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry of MORB, Chem. Geol., 62, 157-176.
34. Janney, P. E., A. P. le Roex, and R. W. Carlson (2005), Hafnium isotope and trace element constraints on the nature of mantle heterogeneity beneath the central Southwest Indian Ridge (13°E to 47°E), J. Petrol., 46, 2427-2464.
35. Johnson, D. A. L., and B. T. R. Lewis (1984), Microearthquakes in the axial valley of the northern Gorda Ridge at 43°N, Eos Trans. AGU, 65, 1111.
36. Johnson, D. M., P. R. Hooper, and R. M. Conrey (1999), XRF analysis of rocks and minerals for major and trace elements on a single low dilution Li-tetraborate fused bead, Adv. X-Ray Anal., 41, 843-867.
37. Karsten, J. L., J. R. Delaney, J. M. Rhodes, and R. A. Liias (1990), Spatial and temporal evolution of magmatic systems beneath the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Tectonic and petrologic constraints, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 19,235-19,256.
38. Klein, E. M., and C. H. Langmuir (1987), Global correlation of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8089-8115.
39. Knaack, C., S. Cornelius, and P. R. Hooper (1994), Trace element analysis of rocks and minerals by ICP-MS, Open File Report, Dept. of Geology, Washington State Univ., Pullman.
40. Langmuir, C. H., J. F. Bender, and R. Batiza (1986), Petrological and tectonic segmentation of the East Pacific Rise, 5°30′- 14°30′N, Nature, 332, 422-429.
41. le Roex, A. P., H. J. B. Dick, L. Gulen, A. M. Reid, and A. J. Erlank (1987), Local and regional heterogeneity in MORB from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 54.5°S and 51°S: Evidence for geochemical enrichment, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 541-555.
42. le Roux, P. J., A. P. le Roex, J.-G. Schilling, N. Shimizu, W. W. Perkins, and N. J. G. Pearce (2002), Mantle heterogeneity beneath the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Trace element evidence for contamination of ambient asthenospheric mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 203, 479-498.
43. Mahoney, J., A. P. le Roex, Z. Peng, R. L. Fisher, and J. H. Natland (1992), Southwestern limits of Indian Ocean Ridge mantle and the origin of low 206Pb/204Pb mid-ocean ridge basalt: Isotope systematics of the Central Southwest Indian ridge (17°-50°E), J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,771-19,790.
44. Metz, D. F., C. W. Devey, W. Todt, P. Stoffers, and A. W. Hofmann (1991), Sr-Nd-Pb isotope evidence against plume-asthenosphere mixing north of Iceland, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 107, 243-255.
45. Michael, P. J., et al. (2003), Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean, Nature, 423, 956-961.
46. Muehe, R., C. W. Devey, and H. Bohrman (1993), Isotope and trace element geochemistry of MORB from the Nansen- Gakkel ridge at 86° north, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120, 103-109.
47. Muehe, R., H. Bohrman, and D. Garbe-Schoenberg (1997), E-MORB glasses from the Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean) at 87°N: Evidence for the Earth's most northerly volcanic activity, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 152, 1-9.
48. Nimis, P. (1999), Clinopyroxene geobarometry of magmatic rocks, Part 2: Structural geobarometers for basic to acid, tholeiitic and mildly alkaline magmatic systemsContrib. Mineral. Petrol., 135, 62-74.
49. Niu, Y., and R. Batiza (1993), Chemical variation trends at fast and slow spreading mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7887-7902.
50. Niu, Y., and R. Batiza (1997), Trace element evidence from seamounts for recycled oceanic crust in the Eastern Pacific mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 148, 471-483.
51. Niu, Y. L., and R. Hekinian (1997), Spreading-rate dependence of the extent of mantle melting beneath ocean ridges, Nature, 385, 326-329. (Pubitemid 27256655)
52. Niu, Y., K. D. Collerson, R. Batiza, J. I. Wendt, and M. Regelous (1999), Origin of enriched-type mid-ocean ridge basalt at ridges far from mantle plumes: The East Pacific Rise at 11°20′N, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7067-7087.
53. Perfit, M. R., D. J. Fornari, A. Malahoff, and R. W. Embley (1983), Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRVAlvin from Easter Galapagos Rift, Inca Transform and Ecuador Rift, 3, Trace element abundances and petrogenesis, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10,551-10,572. (Pubitemid 14534680)
54. Perfit, M. R., D. J. Fornari, W. I. Ridley, M. C. Smith, J. F. Bender, C. H. Langmuir, and R. M. Haymon (1994), Small scale spatial and temporal variations in mid-ocean ridge crest magmatic processes, Geology, 22, 375-379.
55. Phipps Morgan, J., and Y. J. Chen (1993), The genesis of oceanic crust: Magma injection, hydrothermal circulation, and crustal flow, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6283-6298.
56. Rehkaemper, M., and A. W. Hofmann (1997), Recycled ocean crust and sediment in Indian Ocean MORB, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 147, 93-106.
57. Reynolds, J. R., and C. H. Langmuir (1997), Petrologic systematics of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of Kane: Implications for ocean crust formation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14,915-14,946.
58. Reynolds, J. R., C. H. Langmuir, J. F. Bender, K. A. Kastens, and W. B. F. Ryan (1992), Spatial and temporal variability in the geochemistry of basalts from the East Pacific Rise, Nature, 359, 493-499.
59. Riddihough, R. P. (1980), Gorda plate motions from magnetic anomaly analysis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 51, 163-170.
60. Robinson, C. J., M. J. Bickle, T. A. Minshull, R. S. White, and A. R. L. Nichols (2001), Low degree melting under the Southwest Indian Ridge: The roles of mantle temperature, conductive cooling and wet melting, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 188, 383-398.
61. Rona, P. A., R. P. Denlinger, M. R. Fisk, K. J. Howard, G. L. Tagon, K. D. Klitgord, J. S. McClain, G. R. McMurray, and J. C. Wiltshire (1990), Major off-axis hydrothermal activity on the northern Gorda Ridge, Geology, 18, 406-493.
62. Rubin, K. H., and J. M. Sinton (2007), Inferences on midocean ridge thermal and magmatic structure from MORB compositions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 260, 257-276.
63. Rubin, K. H., M. C. Smith, M. R. Perfit, D. M. Christie, and L. F. Sacks (1998), Geochronology and geochemistry of lavas from the 1996 north Gorda Ridge eruption, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45, 2571-2597.
64. Schilling, J.-G. (1973), Iceland mantle plume: A geochemical study of the Reykjanes Ridge, Nature, 242, 565-571.
65. Sinton, J. M., and R. S. Detrick (1992), Mid-ocean ridge magma chambers, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 197-216.
66. Sinton, J. M., S. M. Smaglik, and J. J. Mahoney (1991), Magmatic processes at superfast spreading mid-ocean ridges: Glass composition variations along the East Pacific Rise 13°-23°S, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 6133-6155.
67. Smith, M. C., M. R. Perfit, and I. R. Jonasson (1994), Petrology and geochemistry of basalts from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Controls on the spatial and temporal evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalt, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4787-4812.
68. Solano, A., and D. Bibee (1985), Seismicity of the Gorda Ridge, Eos Trans. AGU, 66, 24.
69. Sun, S. S., and W. F. McDonough (1989), Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes, in Magmatism in the Ocean Basins, edited by A. D. Saunders and M. J. Norry, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 42, 313-345.
70. 205Pb spike for Pb isotopic analysis, Terra Cognita, 4, 209.
71. Vallier, T. L., P. J. Harold, and W. A. Gridley (1973), Provenances and dispersal patterns of turbidite sand in Escanaba Trough, northeastern Pacific Ocean, Mar. Geol., 15, 67-87.
72. Von Damm, K. L., C. M. Parker, M. D. Lilley, D. A. Clague, R. A. Zierenberg, E. J. Olson, and J. S. McClain (2006), Chemistry of vent fluids and its implications for subsurface conditions at Sea Cliff hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q05005, doi:10.1029/2005GC001034.
73. White, W. M., J.-G. Schilling, and S. R. Hart (1986), Evidence for the Azores mantle plume from strontium isotope geochemistry of the central North Atlantic, Nature, 263, 659-663.
74. White, W. M., A. W. Hofmann, and H. Puchelt (1987), Isotope geochemistry of Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4881-4893.
75. Zindler, A., H. Staudigel, and R. Batiza (1984), Isotope and trace element geochemistry of young Pacific seamounts: Implications for the scale of upper mantle heterogeneity, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 70, 175-195.
76. Zuffa, G. G., W. R. Normark, F. Serra, and C. A. Brunner (2000), Turbidite megabeds in an oceanic rift valley recording Jokulhlaups of late Pleistocene glacial lakes of the western United States, J. Geol., 108, 253-274.