Immunological and microbiologic changes during caries development in young children

Caries Research

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 377-385

  Parisotto, T M ^a   King, W F ^b   Duque, C ^a   Mattos Graner, R O ^a   Steiner Oliveira, C ^a   Nobre Dos Santos, M ^a,c   Smith, D J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

^b FORSYTH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c NONE   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Caries increment; Children; Immunology; Longitudinal study; Microbiology

Indexed keywords

EID: 79961103082     PISSN: 00086568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000330230     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH: Basic immunology: Functions and disorders of the immune system; in Abbas AK, Lichtman AH: Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity. Saunders, Elsevier, 2009, pp 153-170.
2. Abo H, Matsumura T, Kodama T, Ohta H, Fukui K, Kato K, Kagawa H: Peptide sequences for sucrose splitting and glucan binding within Streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase (water-insoluble glucan synthetase). J Bacteriol 1991; 173: 989-996.
3. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry: Definitions, oral health policies and clinical guidelines. Definition of early childhood caries (ECC). Reference Manual 2005-2006: 13.
4. Assaf AV, de Castro Meneghim M, Zanin L, Tengan C, Pereira AC: Effect of different diagnostic thresholds on dental caries calibration-a 12 month evaluation. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2006; 34: 213-219. (Pubitemid 44055423)
5. Bagherian A, Jafarzadeh A, Rezaeian M, Ahmadi S, Rezaity MT: Comparison of the salivary immunoglobulin concentration levels between children with early childhood caries and caries-free children. Iran J Immunol 2008; 5: 217-221.
6. Ben-Aryeh H, Fisher M, Szargel R, Laufer D: Composition of whole unstimulated saliva of healthy children: Changes with age. Arch Oral Biol 1990; 35: 929-931.
7. Berdicevsky I, Ben-Aryeh H, Szargel R, Gutman D: Oral Candida in children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984; 57: 37-40. (Pubitemid 14151058)
8. Berkowitz R: Etiology of nursing caries: A microbiologic perspective. J Public Health Dent 1996; 56: 51-54. (Pubitemid 126679068)
9. Bolton RW, Hlava GL: Evaluation of salivary IgA antibodies to cariogenic microorganisms in children: Correlation with dental caries activity. J Dent Res 1982; 61: 1225-1228.
10. Burgio GR, Lanzavecchia A, Plebani A, Jayakar S, Ugazio AG: Ontogeny of secretory immunity: Levels of secretory IgA and natural antibodies in saliva. Pediatr Res 1980; 14: 1111-1114. (Pubitemid 10009639)
11. Cappelli D, Steffen MJ, Holt SC, Ebersole JL: Periodontitis in pregnancy: Clinical and serum antibody observations from a baboon model of ligature-induced disease. J Periodontol 2009; 80: 1154-1165.
12. Childers NK, Greenleaf C, Li F, Dasanayake AP, Powell WD, Michalek SM: Effect of age on immunoglobulin A subclass distribution in human parotid saliva. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003; 18: 298-301. (Pubitemid 37087261)
13. Childers NK, Tong G, Mitchell S, Kirk K, Russell MW, Michalek SM: A controlled clinical study of the effect of nasal immunization with a Streptococcus mutans antigen alone or incorporated into liposomes on induction of immune responses. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 618-623. (Pubitemid 29059195)
14. Culshaw S, Han X, Taubman MA, Smith DJ: Assessment of human immune response to mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase peptides selected by MHC class II binding probability. Int J Peptide Res Therapeutics 2007a;13: 525-531. (Pubitemid 350060784)
15. Culshaw S, LaRosa K, Tolani H, Han X, Eastcott JW, Smith DJ, Taubman MA: Immunogenic and protective potential of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase peptide constructs selected by major histocompatibility complex class II allele binding. Infect Immun 2007b;75: 915-923. (Pubitemid 46203456)
16. de Farias DG, Bezerra AC: Salivary antibodies, amylase and protein from children with early childhood caries. Clin Oral Investig 2003; 7: 154-157.
17. Drury TF, Horowitz AM, Ismail AI, Maertens MP, Rozier RG, Selwitz RH: Diagnosing and reporting early childhood caries for research purposes. A report of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the Health Care Financing Administration. J Public Health Dent 1999; 59: 192-197.
18. Everhart DL, Bamgboye PO, Schwartz MS: Salivary anti-Streptococcus mutans changes over a six-month period in children ages two-five years. J Dent Res 1982; 61: 386-390.
19. Funane K, Shiraiwa M, Hashimoto K, Ichishima E, Kobayashi M: An active-site peptide containing the second essential carboxyl group of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides by chemical modifications. Biochemistry 1993; 32: 13696-13702. (Pubitemid 24020248)
20. Ge Y, Caufield PW, Fisch GS, Li Y: Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis colonization correlated with caries experience in children. Caries Res 2008; 42: 444-448.
21. Germain RN, Margulies DH: The biochemistry and cell biology of antigen processing and presentation. Annu Rev Immunol 1993; 11: 403-450. (Pubitemid 23115014)
22. Gleeson M, Dobson AJ, Firman DW, Cripps AW, Clancy RL, Wlodarczyk JH, Hensley MJ: The variability of immunoglobulins and albumin in salivary secretions of children. Scand J Immunol 1991; 33: 533-541.
23. Gudino S, Rojas N, Castro C, Rodríguez M, Vega M, López LM: Colonization of mutans streptococci in Costa Rican children from a highrisk population. J Dent Child 2007; 74: 36-40.
24. Hamada S, Slade HD: Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans.Microbiol Rev 1980; 44: 331-384. (Pubitemid 11128312)
25. Haneberg B, Kendall D, Amerongen HM, Apter FM, Kraehenbuhl JP, Neutra MR: Induction of specific immunoglobulin A in the small intestine, colon-rectum, and vagina measured by a new method for collection of secretions from local mucosal surfaces. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 15-23. (Pubitemid 24011934)
26. Jenkinson HF, McNab R, Holmes AR, Loach DM, Tannock GW: Function and immunogenicity of cell-wall-anchored polypeptide CshA in oral streptococci. Adv Exp Med Biol 1997; 418: 703-705. (Pubitemid 27438526)
27. Kanasi E, Dewhirst FE, Chalmers NI, Kent R Jr, Moore A, Hughes CV, Pradhan N, Loo CY, Tanner AC: Clonal analysis of the microbiota of severe early childhood caries. Caries Res 2010; 44: 485-497.
28. Kassawara AB, Assaf AV, Meneghim Mde C, Pereira AC, Topping G, Levin K, Ambrosano GM: Comparison of epidemiological evaluations under different caries diagnostic thresholds. Oral Health Prev Dent 2007; 5: 137-144.
29. Katz J, Harmon CC, Buckner GP, Richardson GJ, Russell MW, Michalek SM: Protective salivary immunoglobulin A responses against Streptococcus mutans infection after intranasal immunization with S. mutans antigen I/II coupled to the B subunit of cholera toxin. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 1964-1971. (Pubitemid 23145900)
30. Kirtaniya BC, Chawla HS, Tiwari A, Ganguly NK, Sachdev V: Natural prevalence of antibody titres to GTF of S. mutans in saliva in high and low caries active children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2009; 27: 135-138.
31. Koga-Ito CY, Martins CA, Balducci I, Jorge AO: Correlation among mutans streptococci counts, dental caries, and IgA to Streptococcus mutans in saliva. Braz Oral Res 2004; 18: 350-355.
32. Könönen E, Asikainen S, Saarela M, Karjalainen J, Jousimies-Somer H: The oral gram-negative anaerobic microflora in young children: Longitudinal changes from edentulous to dentate mouth. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1994; 9: 136-141. (Pubitemid 2081662)
33. Lamont RJ, Demuth DR, Davis CA, Malamud D, Rosan B: Salivary-agglutinin- mediated adherence of Streptococcus mutans to early plaque bacteria. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 3446-3450.
34. Law V, Seow WK, Townsend G: Factors influencing oral colonization of mutans streptococci in young children. Aust Dent J 2007; 52: 93-100.
35. Lis M, Shiroza T, Kuramitsu HK: Role of C-terminal direct repeating units of the Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase-S in glucan binding. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61: 2040-2042.
36. Loesche WJ: Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev 1986; 50: 353-380. (Pubitemid 17202894)
37. Mattos-Graner RO, Corrêa MS, Latorre MR, Peres RC, Mayer MP: Mutans streptococci oral colonization in 12-30-month-old Brazilian children over a one-year follow-up period. J Public Health Dent 2001; 61: 161-167. (Pubitemid 33723308)
38. Mattos-Graner RO, Zelante F, Line RC, Mayer MP: Association between caries prevalence and clinical, microbiological and dietary variables in 1.0 to 2.5-year-old Brazilian children. Caries Res 1998; 32: 319-323. (Pubitemid 128523897)
39. Monchois V, Vignon M, Escalier PC, Svensson B, Russell RR: Involvement of Gln937 of Streptococcus downei GTF-I glucansucrase in transition-state stabilization. Eur J Biochem 2000; 267: 4127-4136. (Pubitemid 30436107)
40. Mooser G, Hefta SA, Paxton RJ, Shively JE, Lee TD: Isolation and sequence of an active-site peptide containing a catalytic aspartic acid from two Streptococcus sobrinus alpha-glucosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 8916-8922. (Pubitemid 21906598)
41. Nobre dos Santos M, Melo dos Santos L, Francisco SB, Cury JA: Relationship among dental plaque composition, daily sugar exposure and caries in the primary dentition. Caries Res 2002; 36: 347-352.
42. Nogueira RD, Alves AC, King WF, Gonçalves RB, Höfling JF, Smith DJ, Mattos-Graner RO: Age-specific salivary immunoglobulin A response to Streptococcus mutans GbpB. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14: 804-807. (Pubitemid 47104775)
43. Nogueira RD, Alves AC, Napimoga MH, Smith DJ, Mattos-Graner RO: Characterization of salivary immunoglobulin A responses in children heavily exposed to the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans : Influence of specific antigen recognition in infection. Infect Immun 2005; 73: 5675-5684. (Pubitemid 41193003)
44. Nogueira RD, King WF, Gunda G, Culshaw S, Taubman MA, Mattos-Graner RO, Smith DJ: Mutans streptococcal infection induces salivary antibody to virulence proteins and associated functional domains. Infect Immun 2008; 76: 3606-3613.
45. Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Baelum V: Reliability of a new caries diagnostic system differentiating between active and inactive caries lesions. Caries Res 1999; 33: 252-260.
46. Parisotto TM, Steiner-Oliveira C, Duque C, Peres RCR, Rodrigues LKA, Nobre-dos-Santos M: Relationship among microbiological composition and presence of dental plaque, sugar exposure, social factors and different stages of early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55: 365-373.
47. Ramos-Gomez FJ, Weintraub JA, Gansky SA, Hoover CI, Featherstone JD: Bacterial, behavioral and environmental factors associated with early childhood caries. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2002; 26: 165-173.
48. Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB: Dental caries. Lancet 2007; 369: 51-59. (Pubitemid 46027228)
49. Singh H, Raghava GP: ProPred: Prediction of HLA-DR binding sites. Bioinformatics 2001; 17: 1236-1237. (Pubitemid 33735355)
50. Smith DJ: Dental caries vaccines: Prospects and concerns. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002; 13: 335-349. (Pubitemid 36041623)
51. Smith DJ, Akita H, King WF, Taubman MA: Purification and antigenicity of a novel glucanbinding protein of Streptococcus mutans.Infect Immun 1994a;62: 2545-2552. (Pubitemid 24157088)
52. Smith DJ, Heschel R, King WF, Taubman MA: Antibody to glucosyltransferase induced by synthetic peptides associated with catalytic regions of alpha-amylases. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 2638-2642. (Pubitemid 29200532)
53. Smith DJ, King WF, Barnes LA, Peacock Z, Taubman MA: Immunogenicity and protective immunity induced by synthetic peptides associated with putatitve immunodominant regions of Streptococcus mutans glucan binding protein B. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 1179-1184. (Pubitemid 36254299)
54. Smith DJ, King WF, Rivero J, Taubman MA: Immunological and protective effect of diepitopic subunit dental caries vaccines. Infect Immun 2005; 73: 2797-2804. (Pubitemid 40570346)
55. Smith DJ, Mattos-Graner RO: Secretory immunity following mutans streptococcal infection or immunization. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008; 319: 131-156.
56. Smith DJ, Shoushtari B, Heschel RL, King WF, Taubman MA: Immunogenicity and protective potential of peptides derived from a hypothetical second GTF catalytic domain. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 4424-4430.
57. Smith DJ, Taubman MA: Effect of local deposition of antigen on salivary immune responses and reaccumulation of mutans streptococci. J Clin Immunol 1990; 10: 273-281.
58. Smith DJ, Taubman MA: Experimental immunization of rats with a Streptococcus mutans 59-kilodalton glucan-binding protein protects against dental caries. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 3069-3073. (Pubitemid 26256147)
59. Smith DJ, Taubman MA, Holmberg CF, Eastcott J, King WF, Ali-Salaam P: Antigenicity and immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide derived from a glucan-binding domain of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 2899-2905. (Pubitemid 23182285)
60. Smith DJ, Taubman MA, King WF, Eida S, Powell JR, Eastcott JW: Immunological characteristics of a synthetic peptide associated with a catalytic domain of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1994b;62: 5470-5476. (Pubitemid 24364989)
61. Stipp RN, Gonçalves RB, Höfling JF, Smith DJ, Mattos-Graner RO: Transcriptional analysis of gtfB, gtfC, and gbpB and their putative response regulators in several isolates of Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2008; 23: 466-473.
62. Takahashi N, Nyvad B: Caries ecology revisited: Microbial dynamics and the caries process. Caries Res 2008; 42: 409-418.
63. Taubman MA, Holmberg CJ, Smith DJ: Immunization of rats with synthetic peptide constructs from the glucan binding or catalytic regions of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase protects against dental caries. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 3088-3093.
64. Taubman MA, Holmberg CJ, Smith DJ: Diepitopic construct of functionally relevant complementary peptides enhances immunogenicity, reactivity with glucosyltransferase and protection against dental caries. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 4210-4216. (Pubitemid 32574415)
65. Taubman MA, Smith DJ: Effects of local immunization with glucosyltransferase fractions from Streptococcus mutans on dental caries in rats and hamsters. J Immunol 1977; 118: 710-720. (Pubitemid 8053855)
66. Taubman MA, Smith DJ, King WF, Eastcott JW, Bergey EJ, Levine MJ: Immune properties of glucosyltransferases from S. sobrinus. J Oral Pathol 1988; 17: 466-470.
67. Thaweboon S, Thaweboon B, Nakornchai S, Jitmaitree S: Salivary secretory IgA, pH, flow rates, mutans streptococci and Candida in children with rampant caries. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2008; 39: 893-899.
68. Tsumori H, Minami T, Kuramitsu HK: Identification of essential amino acids in the Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases. J Bacteriol 1997; 179: 3391-3396. (Pubitemid 27232972)
69. Vachirarojpisan T, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y, Laungwechakan P, Somkote T, Detsomboonrat P: Early childhood caries in children aged 6-19 months. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004; 32: 133-142. (Pubitemid 41725363)
70. van Houte J, Lopman J, Kent R: The predominant cultivable flora of sound and carious human root surfaces. J Dent Res 1994; 73: 1727-1734.
71. Weemaes C, Klasen I, Göertz J, Beldhuis-Valkis M, Olafsson O, Haraldsson A: Development of immunoglobulin A in infancy and childhood. Scand J Immunol 2003; 58: 642-648. (Pubitemid 37521939)
72. Wong C, Hefta SA, Paxton RJ, Shively JE, Mooser G: Size and subdomain architecture of the glucan-binding domain of sucrose: 3-alpha-D- glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus sobrinus. Infect Immun 1990; 58: 2165-2170. (Pubitemid 20212291)