메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 219, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 388-402

Effects of growth on geometry of gastrocnemius muscle in children: A three-dimensional ultrasound analysis

Author keywords

Children; Development; Gastrocnemius medialis; Growth; Hypertrophy; Muscle; Muscle geometry; Ultrasound imaging

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDON; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANKLE; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE; GENDER; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; MUSCLE CELL; MUSCLE GROWTH; MUSCLE LENGTH; NONHUMAN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RODENT; SCHOOL CHILD; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; TIBIA; ULTRASOUND;

EID: 79961010353     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01402.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 58649085069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative lengthening of the myotendinous structures in the medial gastrocnemius during passive stretching differs among individuals
    • Abellaneda S, Guissard N, Duchateau J (2009) The relative lengthening of the myotendinous structures in the medial gastrocnemius during passive stretching differs among individuals. J Appl Physiol 106, 169-177.
    • (2009) J Appl Physiol , vol.106 , pp. 169-177
    • Abellaneda, S.1    Guissard, N.2    Duchateau, J.3
  • 2
    • 0027381407 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle fiber hyperplasia
    • Antonio J, Gonyea WJ (1993) Skeletal muscle fiber hyperplasia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 25, 1333-1345.
    • (1993) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.25 , pp. 1333-1345
    • Antonio, J.1    Gonyea, W.J.2
  • 3
    • 67349208940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a freehand 3D ultrasound system for morphological measures of the medial gastrocnemius muscle
    • Barber L, Barrett R, Lichtwark G (2009) Validation of a freehand 3D ultrasound system for morphological measures of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. J Biomech 42, 1313-1319.
    • (2009) J Biomech , vol.42 , pp. 1313-1319
    • Barber, L.1    Barrett, R.2    Lichtwark, G.3
  • 4
    • 65949097954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical information is needed in ultrasound imaging of muscle to avoid potentially substantial errors in measurement of muscle geometry
    • Benard MR, Becher JG, Harlaar J, et al. (2009) Anatomical information is needed in ultrasound imaging of muscle to avoid potentially substantial errors in measurement of muscle geometry. Muscle Nerve 39, 652-665.
    • (2009) Muscle Nerve , vol.39 , pp. 652-665
    • Benard, M.R.1    Becher, J.G.2    Harlaar, J.3
  • 5
    • 77955562234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of hand-held ankle dynamometry to measure altered ankle moment-angle characteristics in children with spastic cerebral palsy
    • Benard MR, Jaspers RT, Huijing PA, et al. (2010) Reproducibility of hand-held ankle dynamometry to measure altered ankle moment-angle characteristics in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 25, 802-808.
    • (2010) Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) , vol.25 , pp. 802-808
    • Benard, M.R.1    Jaspers, R.T.2    Huijing, P.A.3
  • 6
    • 0035464715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human gastrocnemius medialis pennation angle as a function of age: from newborn to the elderly
    • Binzoni T, Bianchi S, Hanquinet S, et al. (2001) Human gastrocnemius medialis pennation angle as a function of age: from newborn to the elderly. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci 20, 293-298.
    • (2001) J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci , vol.20 , pp. 293-298
    • Binzoni, T.1    Bianchi, S.2    Hanquinet, S.3
  • 7
    • 31544441649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding muscle architectural adaptation: macro- and micro-level research
    • Blazevich AJ, Sharp NC (2005) Understanding muscle architectural adaptation: macro- and micro-level research. Cells Tissues Organs 181, 1-10.
    • (2005) Cells Tissues Organs , vol.181 , pp. 1-10
    • Blazevich, A.J.1    Sharp, N.C.2
  • 9
    • 0000811384 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of muscle growth in the rabbit
    • Crawford GN (1954) An experimental study of muscle growth in the rabbit. J Bone Joint Surg Br 36-B, 294-303.
    • (1954) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.36 , pp. 294-303
    • Crawford, G.N.1
  • 10
    • 0023426423 scopus 로고
    • Functional characteristics of rat gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles during growth
    • De Koning JJ, van der Molen HF, Woittiez RD, et al. (1987) Functional characteristics of rat gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles during growth. J Morphol 194, 75-84.
    • (1987) J Morphol , vol.194 , pp. 75-84
    • De Koning, J.J.1    van der Molen, H.F.2    Woittiez, R.D.3
  • 12
    • 0002724620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recommendations for sensors and sensor placement procedures for surface electromyography
    • (eds Hermens H, Freriks B, Merletti R, Enschede: Roessingh Research and Development B.V.
    • Freriks B, Hermens H, Disselhorst-Klug C, et al. (1999) The recommendations for sensors and sensor placement procedures for surface electromyography. In SENIAM 8; European Recommendations for Surface Electromyography (eds Hermens H, Freriks B, Merletti R, et al.), pp. 13-54. Enschede: Roessingh Research and Development B.V.
    • (1999) SENIAM 8; European Recommendations for Surface Electromyography , pp. 13-54
    • Freriks, B.1    Hermens, H.2    Disselhorst-Klug, C.3
  • 13
    • 4344701496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional realisation of muscle morphology and architecture using ultrasound
    • Fry NR, Gough M, Shortland AP (2004) Three-dimensional realisation of muscle morphology and architecture using ultrasound. Gait Posture 20, 177-182.
    • (2004) Gait Posture , vol.20 , pp. 177-182
    • Fry, N.R.1    Gough, M.2    Shortland, A.P.3
  • 14
    • 0035134297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive extensibility of skeletal muscle: review of the literature with clinical implications
    • Gajdosik RL (2001) Passive extensibility of skeletal muscle: review of the literature with clinical implications. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 16, 87-101.
    • (2001) Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) , vol.16 , pp. 87-101
    • Gajdosik, R.L.1
  • 15
    • 0032872311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit of women
    • Gajdosik RL, Vander Linden DW, Williams AK (1999) Influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit of women. Phys Ther 79, 827-838.
    • (1999) Phys Ther , vol.79 , pp. 827-838
    • Gajdosik, R.L.1    Vander Linden, D.W.2    Williams, A.K.3
  • 16
    • 14044262284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processing and visualizing three-dimensional ultrasound data
    • Spec No. 2
    • Gee A, Prager R, Treece G, et al. (2004) Processing and visualizing three-dimensional ultrasound data. Br J Radiol 77 (Spec No. 2), S186-S193.
    • (2004) Br J Radiol , vol.77
    • Gee, A.1    Prager, R.2    Treece, G.3
  • 17
    • 0001531653 scopus 로고
    • Postembryonic growth and differentiation of striated muscle
    • (ed. Bourne GH) Atlanta: Academic Press.
    • Goldspink G (1972) Postembryonic growth and differentiation of striated muscle. In The Structure and Function of Muscle (ed. Bourne GH), pp. 179-236. Atlanta: Academic Press.
    • (1972) The Structure and Function of Muscle , pp. 179-236
    • Goldspink, G.1
  • 18
    • 0000967445 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of gastrocnemius length from knee and ankle joint posture
    • (eds Asmussen E, Jorgensen K) Baltimore: University Park Press.
    • Grieve W, Pheasant S, Cavanagh PR (1978) Prediction of gastrocnemius length from knee and ankle joint posture. In Biomechanics VI-A, International Series on Biomechanics (eds Asmussen E, Jorgensen K), pp. 405-412. Baltimore: University Park Press.
    • (1978) Biomechanics VI-A, International Series on Biomechanics , pp. 405-412
    • Grieve, W.1    Pheasant, S.2    Cavanagh, P.R.3
  • 19
    • 0036521964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in length of relaxed muscle fascicles and tendons with knee and ankle movement in humans
    • Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Butler JE, et al. (2002) Change in length of relaxed muscle fascicles and tendons with knee and ankle movement in humans. J Physiol 539, 637-645.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.539 , pp. 637-645
    • Herbert, R.D.1    Moseley, A.M.2    Butler, J.E.3
  • 20
    • 0025054664 scopus 로고
    • Effects of growth on architecture and functional characteristics of adult rat gastrocnemius muscle
    • Heslinga JW, Huijing PA (1990) Effects of growth on architecture and functional characteristics of adult rat gastrocnemius muscle. J Morphol 206, 119-132.
    • (1990) J Morphol , vol.206 , pp. 119-132
    • Heslinga, J.W.1    Huijing, P.A.2
  • 21
    • 0027175938 scopus 로고
    • Muscle length-force characteristics in relation to muscle architecture: a bilateral study of gastrocnemius medialis muscles of unilaterally immobilized rats
    • Heslinga JW, Huijing PA (1993) Muscle length-force characteristics in relation to muscle architecture: a bilateral study of gastrocnemius medialis muscles of unilaterally immobilized rats. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 66, 289-298.
    • (1993) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.66 , pp. 289-298
    • Heslinga, J.W.1    Huijing, P.A.2
  • 22
    • 0028895551 scopus 로고
    • Growth and immobilization effects on sarcomeres: a comparison between gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the adult rat
    • Heslinga JW, te Kronnie G, Huijing PA (1995) Growth and immobilization effects on sarcomeres: a comparison between gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the adult rat. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 70, 49-57.
    • (1995) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.70 , pp. 49-57
    • Heslinga, J.W.1    te Kronnie, G.2    Huijing, P.A.3
  • 23
    • 84939663264 scopus 로고
    • Architecture of the human gastrocnemius muscle and some functional consequences
    • Huijing PA (1985) Architecture of the human gastrocnemius muscle and some functional consequences. Acta Anat 123, 101-107.
    • (1985) Acta Anat , vol.123 , pp. 101-107
    • Huijing, P.A.1
  • 24
    • 58149293555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epimuscular myofascial force transmission: a historical review and implications for new research. International society of biomechanics Muybridge award lecture, Taipei, 2007
    • Huijing PA (2009) Epimuscular myofascial force transmission: a historical review and implications for new research. International society of biomechanics Muybridge award lecture, Taipei, 2007. J Biomech 42, 9-21.
    • (2009) J Biomech , vol.42 , pp. 9-21
    • Huijing, P.A.1
  • 25
    • 28644446444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of muscle size and myofascial force transmission: a review and some new experimental results
    • Huijing PA, Jaspers RT (2005) Adaptation of muscle size and myofascial force transmission: a review and some new experimental results. Scand J Med Sci Sports 15, 349-380.
    • (2005) Scand J Med Sci Sports , vol.15 , pp. 349-380
    • Huijing, P.A.1    Jaspers, R.T.2
  • 26
    • 0002674941 scopus 로고
    • The effect of architecture on skeletal muscle performance: a simple planimetric model
    • Huijing PA, Woittiez RD (1984) The effect of architecture on skeletal muscle performance: a simple planimetric model. Neth J Zool 34, 21-32.
    • (1984) Neth J Zool , vol.34 , pp. 21-32
    • Huijing, P.A.1    Woittiez, R.D.2
  • 27
    • 0032921002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of intramuscular aponeurotomy on rat gastrocnemius medialis: force transmission, muscle force and sarcomere length
    • Jaspers RT, Brunner R, Pel JJ, et al. (1999) Acute effects of intramuscular aponeurotomy on rat gastrocnemius medialis: force transmission, muscle force and sarcomere length. J Biomech 32, 71-79.
    • (1999) J Biomech , vol.32 , pp. 71-79
    • Jaspers, R.T.1    Brunner, R.2    Pel, J.J.3
  • 28
    • 52549121018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertrophy of mature Xenopus muscle fibres in culture induced by synergy of albumin and insulin
    • Jaspers RT, van Beek-Harmsen BJ, Blankenstein MA, et al. (2008) Hypertrophy of mature Xenopus muscle fibres in culture induced by synergy of albumin and insulin. Pflugers Arch 457, 161-170.
    • (2008) Pflugers Arch , vol.457 , pp. 161-170
    • Jaspers, R.T.1    van Beek-Harmsen, B.J.2    Blankenstein, M.A.3
  • 29
    • 0027225144 scopus 로고
    • Muscle-fiber pennation angles are greater in hypertrophied than in normal muscles
    • Kawakami Y, Abe T, Fukunaga T (1993) Muscle-fiber pennation angles are greater in hypertrophied than in normal muscles. J Appl Physiol 74, 2740-2744.
    • (1993) J Appl Physiol , vol.74 , pp. 2740-2744
    • Kawakami, Y.1    Abe, T.2    Fukunaga, T.3
  • 30
    • 33750849050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human skeletal muscle size and architecture: variability and interdependence
    • Kawakami Y, Abe T, Kanehisa H, et al. (2006) Human skeletal muscle size and architecture: variability and interdependence. Am J Hum Biol 18, 845-848.
    • (2006) Am J Hum Biol , vol.18 , pp. 845-848
    • Kawakami, Y.1    Abe, T.2    Kanehisa, H.3
  • 31
    • 43049103861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between passive ankle plantar flexion joint torque and gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon stiffness: implications for flexibility
    • Kawakami Y, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T (2008) The relationship between passive ankle plantar flexion joint torque and gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon stiffness: implications for flexibility. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 38, 269-276.
    • (2008) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther , vol.38 , pp. 269-276
    • Kawakami, Y.1    Kanehisa, H.2    Fukunaga, T.3
  • 32
    • 33747632338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of three-dimensional ultrasonography for the analysis of the fascicle length of human gastrocnemius muscle during contractions
    • Kurihara T, Oda T, Chino K, et al. (2005) Use of three-dimensional ultrasonography for the analysis of the fascicle length of human gastrocnemius muscle during contractions. Int J Sport Health Sci 3, 226-234.
    • (2005) Int J Sport Health Sci , vol.3 , pp. 226-234
    • Kurihara, T.1    Oda, T.2    Chino, K.3
  • 33
    • 77955868562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation and reliability of ultrasonographic quantification of the architecture of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in young children
    • Legerlotz K, Smith HK, Hing WA (2010) Variation and reliability of ultrasonographic quantification of the architecture of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in young children. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 30, 198-205.
    • (2010) Clin Physiol Funct Imaging , vol.30 , pp. 198-205
    • Legerlotz, K.1    Smith, H.K.2    Hing, W.A.3
  • 35
    • 37849025785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical and morphological properties of the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit in old and young adults and their interaction with a submaximal fatiguing contraction
    • Mademli L, Arampatzis A (2008) Mechanical and morphological properties of the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit in old and young adults and their interaction with a submaximal fatiguing contraction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 18, 89-98.
    • (2008) J Electromyogr Kinesiol , vol.18 , pp. 89-98
    • Mademli, L.1    Arampatzis, A.2
  • 36
    • 0037260693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Force-length characteristics of the in vivo human gastrocnemius muscle
    • Maganaris CN (2003) Force-length characteristics of the in vivo human gastrocnemius muscle. Clin Anat 16, 215-223.
    • (2003) Clin Anat , vol.16 , pp. 215-223
    • Maganaris, C.N.1
  • 37
    • 0019954847 scopus 로고
    • Influence of joint position on ankle plantarflexion in humans
    • Marsh E, Sale D, Quinlan J, et al. (1982) Influence of joint position on ankle plantarflexion in humans. J Appl Physiol 52, 1636-1642.
    • (1982) J Appl Physiol , vol.52 , pp. 1636-1642
    • Marsh, E.1    Sale, D.2    Quinlan, J.3
  • 38
    • 35348939524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myofascial force transmission between antagonistic rat lower limb muscles: effects of single muscle or muscle group lengthening
    • Meijer HJ, Rijkelijkhuizen JM, Huijing PA (2007) Myofascial force transmission between antagonistic rat lower limb muscles: effects of single muscle or muscle group lengthening. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 17, 698-707.
    • (2007) J Electromyogr Kinesiol , vol.17 , pp. 698-707
    • Meijer, H.J.1    Rijkelijkhuizen, J.M.2    Huijing, P.A.3
  • 39
    • 37449031028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo gastrocnemius muscle fascicle length in children with and without diplegic cerebral palsy
    • Mohagheghi AA, Khan T, Meadows TH, et al. (2008) In vivo gastrocnemius muscle fascicle length in children with and without diplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 50, 44-50.
    • (2008) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 44-50
    • Mohagheghi, A.A.1    Khan, T.2    Meadows, T.H.3
  • 40
    • 37749033949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute effect of stretching on the passive stiffness of the human gastrocnemius muscle tendon unit
    • Morse CI, Degens H, Seynnes OR, et al. (2008a) The acute effect of stretching on the passive stiffness of the human gastrocnemius muscle tendon unit. J Physiol 586, 97-106.
    • (2008) J Physiol , vol.586 , pp. 97-106
    • Morse, C.I.1    Degens, H.2    Seynnes, O.R.3
  • 41
    • 39049110720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrocnemius muscle specific force in boys and men
    • Morse CI, Tolfrey K, Thom JM, et al. (2008b) Gastrocnemius muscle specific force in boys and men. J Appl Physiol 104, 469-474.
    • (2008) J Appl Physiol , vol.104 , pp. 469-474
    • Morse, C.I.1    Tolfrey, K.2    Thom, J.M.3
  • 42
    • 0345708358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of aging on human muscle architecture
    • Narici MV, Maganaris CN, Reeves ND, et al. (2003) Effect of aging on human muscle architecture. J Appl Physiol 95, 2229-2234.
    • (2003) J Appl Physiol , vol.95 , pp. 2229-2234
    • Narici, M.V.1    Maganaris, C.N.2    Reeves, N.D.3
  • 43
    • 0024985630 scopus 로고
    • Muscle growth and exercise
    • Pearson AM (1990) Muscle growth and exercise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 29, 167-196.
    • (1990) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr , vol.29 , pp. 167-196
    • Pearson, A.M.1
  • 44
  • 45
    • 0010008773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of sex, joint angle, and the gastrocnemius muscle on passive ankle joint complex stiffness
    • Riemann BL, DeMont RG, Ryu K, et al. (2001) The effects of sex, joint angle, and the gastrocnemius muscle on passive ankle joint complex stiffness. J Athl Train 36, 369-375.
    • (2001) J Athl Train , vol.36 , pp. 369-375
    • Riemann, B.L.1    DeMont, R.G.2    Ryu, K.3
  • 46
    • 35349030207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myofascial force transmission also occurs between antagonistic muscles located within opposite compartments of the rat lower hind limb
    • Rijkelijkhuizen JM, Meijer HJ, Baan GC, et al. (2007) Myofascial force transmission also occurs between antagonistic muscles located within opposite compartments of the rat lower hind limb. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 17, 690-697.
    • (2007) J Electromyogr Kinesiol , vol.17 , pp. 690-697
    • Rijkelijkhuizen, J.M.1    Meijer, H.J.2    Baan, G.C.3
  • 47
    • 79960983821 scopus 로고
    • Zur innern Mechanik des hypertrophischen Muskels
    • Rollhäuser H, Wendt GG (1955) Zur innern Mechanik des hypertrophischen Muskels. Morphologie 95, 151-161.
    • (1955) Morphologie , vol.95 , pp. 151-161
    • Rollhäuser, H.1    Wendt, G.G.2
  • 49
    • 0036125652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architecture of the medial gastrocnemius in children with spastic diplegia
    • Shortland AP, Harris CA, Gough M, et al. (2002) Architecture of the medial gastrocnemius in children with spastic diplegia. Dev Med Child Neurol 44, 158-163.
    • (2002) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 158-163
    • Shortland, A.P.1    Harris, C.A.2    Gough, M.3
  • 50
    • 0035033762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sagittal joint kinematics, moments, and powers are predominantly characterized by speed of progression, not age, in normal children
    • Stansfield BW, Hillman SJ, Hazlewood ME, et al. (2001) Sagittal joint kinematics, moments, and powers are predominantly characterized by speed of progression, not age, in normal children. J Pediatr Orthop 21, 403-411.
    • (2001) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.21 , pp. 403-411
    • Stansfield, B.W.1    Hillman, S.J.2    Hazlewood, M.E.3
  • 51
    • 0020523302 scopus 로고
    • Growth and development of muscle fibres in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
    • Stickland NC (1983) Growth and development of muscle fibres in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J Anat 137(Pt 2), 323-333.
    • (1983) J Anat , vol.137 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 323-333
    • Stickland, N.C.1
  • 52
    • 0020038906 scopus 로고
    • Muscle hypoextensibility in children with cerebral palsy: I. Clinical and experimental observations
    • Tardieu C, Huet de la Tour E, Bret MD, et al. (1982) Muscle hypoextensibility in children with cerebral palsy: I. Clinical and experimental observations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 63, 97-102.
    • (1982) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.63 , pp. 97-102
    • Tardieu, C.1    Huet de la Tour, E.2    Bret, M.D.3
  • 53
    • 34347385275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of muscle architecture on the torque and power-velocity characteristics of young and elderly men
    • Thom JM, Morse CI, Birch KM, et al. (2007) Influence of muscle architecture on the torque and power-velocity characteristics of young and elderly men. Eur J Appl Physiol 100, 613-619.
    • (2007) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.100 , pp. 613-619
    • Thom, J.M.1    Morse, C.I.2    Birch, K.M.3
  • 54
    • 78751539149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early effects of muscle atrophy on shoulder joint development in infants with unilateral birth brachial plexus injury
    • Van Gelein Vitringa VM, Jaspers R, Mullender M, et al. (2011) Early effects of muscle atrophy on shoulder joint development in infants with unilateral birth brachial plexus injury. Dev Med Child Neurol 53, 173-178.
    • (2011) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 173-178
    • Van Gelein Vitringa, V.M.1    Jaspers, R.2    Mullender, M.3
  • 55
    • 0027189534 scopus 로고
    • Viscoelasticity of the sarcomere matrix of skeletal muscles. The titin-myosin composite filament is a dual-stage molecular spring
    • Wang K, McCarter R, Wright J, et al. (1993) Viscoelasticity of the sarcomere matrix of skeletal muscles. The titin-myosin composite filament is a dual-stage molecular spring. Biophys J 64, 1161-1177.
    • (1993) Biophys J , vol.64 , pp. 1161-1177
    • Wang, K.1    McCarter, R.2    Wright, J.3
  • 56
    • 77951280181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SB431542 treatment promotes the hypertrophy of skeletal muscle fibers but decreases specific force
    • Watt KI, Jaspers RT, Atherton P, et al. (2010) SB431542 treatment promotes the hypertrophy of skeletal muscle fibers but decreases specific force. Muscle Nerve 41, 624-629.
    • (2010) Muscle Nerve , vol.41 , pp. 624-629
    • Watt, K.I.1    Jaspers, R.T.2    Atherton, P.3
  • 57
    • 0018253351 scopus 로고
    • Changes in sarcomere length and physiological properties in immobilized muscle
    • Williams PE, Goldspink G (1978) Changes in sarcomere length and physiological properties in immobilized muscle. J Anat 127, 459-468.
    • (1978) J Anat , vol.127 , pp. 459-468
    • Williams, P.E.1    Goldspink, G.2
  • 58
    • 0024335606 scopus 로고
    • Growth of medial gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon in Wistar rats
    • Woittiez RD, Heerkens YF, Huijing PA, et al. (1989) Growth of medial gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon in Wistar rats. Anat Anz 168, 371-380.
    • (1989) Anat Anz , vol.168 , pp. 371-380
    • Woittiez, R.D.1    Heerkens, Y.F.2    Huijing, P.A.3
  • 59
    • 0025742871 scopus 로고
    • Influence of muscle shortening on the geometry of gastrocnemius medialis muscle of the rat
    • Zuurbier CJ, Huijing PA (1991) Influence of muscle shortening on the geometry of gastrocnemius medialis muscle of the rat. Acta Anat (Basel) 140, 297-303.
    • (1991) Acta Anat (Basel) , vol.140 , pp. 297-303
    • Zuurbier, C.J.1    Huijing, P.A.2
  • 60
    • 0026924846 scopus 로고
    • Influence of muscle geometry on shortening speed of fibre, aponeurosis and muscle
    • Zuurbier CJ, Huijing PA (1992) Influence of muscle geometry on shortening speed of fibre, aponeurosis and muscle. J Biomech 25, 1017-1026.
    • (1992) J Biomech , vol.25 , pp. 1017-1026
    • Zuurbier, C.J.1    Huijing, P.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.