Force-length characteristics of the in vivo human gastrocnemius muscle

Clinical Anatomy

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 215-223

  Maganaris, Constantinos N ^a  

^a MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Length tension; Moment arm; Muscle contraction; Sarcomere; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; DYNAMOMETRY; GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LEG MUSCLE; MALE; MEASUREMENT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FORCE; MUSCLE LENGTH; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKELETAL MUSCLE; ULTRASOUND;

ADULT; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL;

EID: 0037260693     PISSN: 08973806     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ca.10064     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Allen GM, Gandevia SC, McKenzie DK. 1995. Reliability of measurements of muscle strength and voluntary activation using twitch interpolation. Muscle Nerve 18:593-600.
2. An KN, Takahashi K, Harrigan TP, Chao EY. 1984. Determination of muscle orientations and moment arms. J Biomech Eng 106:280-282.
3. Arndt AN, Komi PV, Bruggemann GP, Lukkariniemi J. 1998. Individual muscle contributions to the in vivo Achilles tendon force. Clin Biomech 13:532-541.
4. Belanger AY, McComas AJ. 1981. Extent of motor unit activation during effort. J Appl Physiol 51:1131-1135.
5. Burkholder TJ, Lieber RL. 2001. Sarcomere length operating range of vertebrate muscles during movement. J Exp Biol 204:1529-1536.
6. Cutts A. 1988. The range of sarcomere lengths in the muscles of the human lower limb. J Anat 160:79-88.
7. Delp SL, Statler K, Carroll NC. 1995. Preserving plantar flexion strength after surgical treatment for contracture of the triceps surae: a computer simulation study. J Orthop Res 13:96-104.
8. Fukunaga T, Kubo K, Kawakami Y, Fukashiro S, Kanehisha H, Maganaris CN. 2001. In vivo behaviour of human muscle tendon during walking. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 268:229-233.
9. Fukunaga T, Roy RR, Shellock FG, Hodgson JA, Day MK, Lee PL, Kwong-Fu H, Edgerton VR. 1992. Physiological cross-sectional area of human leg muscles based on magnetic resonance imaging. J Orthop Res 10:926-934.
10. Gans C. 1982. Fiber architecture and muscle function. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 10:160-207.
11. Gordon AM, Huxley AF, Julian FJ. 1966. The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibers. J Physiol 184:170-192.
12. Gravel D, Arsenault AB, Lambert J. 1987. Soleus-gastrocnemius synergies in controlled contractions produced around the ankle and knee joints: an EMG study. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 27:405-413.
13. Herring SW, Grimm AF, Grimm BR. 1984. Regulation of sarcomere number in skeletal muscle: a comparison of hypotheses. Muscle Nerve 7:161-173.
14. Herzog W, Read LJ, ter Keurs HEDJ. 1991. Experimental determination of force-length relations of intact human gastrocnemius muscles. Clin Biomech 6:230-238.
15. Herzog W, ter Keurs HEDJ. 1988a. A method for the determination of the force-length relation of selected in vivo human skeletal muscles. Pflugers Arch 411:637-641.
16. Herzog W, ter Keurs HEDJ. 1988b. Force-length relation of in vivo human rectus femoris muscle. Pflugers Arch 411:642-647.
17. Hof AL, van den Berg JW. 1977. Linearity between the weighted sum of the EMGs of the human triceps surae and the total torque. J Biomech 10:529-539.
18. Huijing PA. 1985. Architecture of the human gastrocnemius muscle and some functional consequences. Acta Anat (Basel) 123:101-107.
19. Huijing PA, Woittiez RD. 1985. Notes on planimetric and three-dimensional muscle models. Neth J Zool 35:521-525.
20. Huxley AF. 1957. Muscle structure and theories of contraction. Prog Biophys Chem 7:255-318.
21. Ichinose Y, Kawakami Y, Ito M, Fukunaga T. 1997. Estimation of active force-length characteristics of human vastus lateralis muscle. Acta Anat (Basel) 159:78-83.
22. Isman RE, Inman VT. 1969. Anthropometric studies of the human foot and ankle. Bull Prosthet Res 10/11:97-129.
23. Ito M, Akima H, Fukunaga T. 2000. In vivo moment arm determination using B-mode ultrasonography. J Biomech 33:215-218.
24. Kawakami Y, Abe T, Fukunaga T. 1993. Muscle-fiber pennation angles are greater in hypertrophied than in normal muscles. J Appl Physiol 74:2740-2744.
25. Kawakami Y, Amemiya K, Kanehisa H, Ikegawa S, Fukunaga T. 2000a. Fatigue responses of human triceps surae muscles during repetitive maximal isometric contractions. J Appl Physiol 88:1969-1975.
26. Kawakami Y, Kumagai K, Huijing PA, Hijakata T, Fukunaga T. 2000b. The length-force characteristics of human gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in vivo. In: Herzog W, editor. Skeletal muscle mechanics: from mechanisms to function. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p 327-341.
27. Kawakami Y, Ichinose Y, Fukunaga T. 1998. Architectural and functional features of human triceps surae muscles during contraction. J Appl Physiol 85:398-404.
28. Leedham JS, Dowling JJ. 1995. Force-length, torque-angle and EMG-joint angle relationships of the human in vivo biceps brachii. Eur J Appl Physiol 70:421-426.
29. Lieber RL, Friden J. 1998. Musculoskeletal balance of the human wrist elucidated using intraoperative laser diffraction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 8:93-100.
30. Lieber RL, Loren GJ, Friden J. 1994. In vivo measurement of human wrist extensor muscle sarcomere length changes. J Neurophysiol 71:874-881.
31. Loren GJ, Shoemaker SD, Burkholder TJ, Jacobson MD, Friden J, Lieber RL. 1996. Human wrist motors: biomechanical design and application to tendon transfers. J Biomech 29:331-342.
32. Maganaris CN. 2000. In vivo measurement-based estimations of the moment arm in the human tibialis anterior muscletendon unit. J Biomech 33:375-379.
33. Maganaris CN. 2001. Force-length characteristics of in vivo human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 172:279-285.
34. Maganaris CN, Baltzopoulos V, Sargeant AJ. 1998. In vivo measurements of the triceps surae complex architecture in man: implications for muscle function. J Physiol 512:603-614.
35. Maganaris CN, Baltzopoulos V, Sargeant AJ. 2000. In vivo measurement-based estimations of the human Achilles tendon moment arm. Eur J Appl Physiol 83:363-369.
36. Martin DC, Medri MK, Chow RS, Oxorn V, Leekam RN, Agur AM, McKee NH. 2001. Comparing human skeletal muscle architectural parameters of cadavers with in vivo ultrasonographic measurements. J Anat 199:429-434.
37. Narici MV, Binzoni T, Hiltbrand E, Fasel J, Terrier F, Cerretelli P. 1996. In vivo human gastrocnemius architecture with changing joint angle at rest and during graded isometric contraction. J Physiol 496:287-297.
38. Nigg BM, Fisher V, Allinger TL, Ronsky JR, Engsberg JR. 1992. Range of motion of the foot as a function of age. Foot Ankle 13:336-343.
39. Rugg SG, Gregor RJ, Mandelbaum BR, Chiu L. 1990. In vivo moment arm calculations at the ankle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Biomech 23:495-501.
40. Sale D, Quinlan J, Marsh E, McComas AJ, Belanger AY. 1982. Influence of joint position on ankle plantar flexion in humans. J Appl Physiol 52:1636-1642.
41. Sammarco GJ, Burstein AH, Frankel VH. 1973. Biomechanics of the ankle: a kinematic study. Orthop Clin North Am 4:75-96.
42. Tabary JC, Tabary C, Tardieu C, Tardieu G, Goldspink G. 1972. Physiological and structural changes in the cat's soleus muscle due to immobilization at different lengths by plaster casts. J Physiol 224:231-244.
43. van den Bogert AJ, Smith GD, Nigg BM. 1994. In vivo determination of the anatomical axes of the ankle joint complex: an optimization approach. J Biomech 27:1477-1488.
44. Van Leeuwen JL, Spoor CW. 1992. Modelling mechanically stable muscle architectures. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 336:275-292.
45. Walker SM, Schrodt GR. 1974. I segment lengths and thin filament periods in skeletal muscle fibers of the Rhesus monkey and the human. Anat Rec 178:63-81.
46. Williams PE, Goldspink G. 1973. The effect of immobilization on the longitudinal growth of striated muscle fibers. J Anat 116:45-55.
47. Williams PE. 1990. Use of intermittent stretch in the prevention of serial sarcomere loss in immobilized muscle. Ann Rheum Dis 49:316-317.