Periodontal disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: Suggestion of a further link in systemic lupus erythematosus

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 77, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 286-289

  Pessoa, Larissa ^a   Galvão, Virgilio ^b   Santos Neto, Leopoldo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRASILIA   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE BRASÍLIA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CYTOKINE;

ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; MOUTH INFECTION; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HUMANS; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PERIODONTAL DISEASES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 79960652938     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: 15322777     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.037     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Cotti E., Dessi C., Piras A., Mercuro G. Can a chronic dental infection be considered a cause of cardiovascular disease? A review of literature. Int J Cardiol 2011, 148:4-10.
2. Sanz M., D'Aiuto F., Deanfield J., Fernandez-Avile F. European workshop in periodontal health and cardiovascular disease - scientific evidence on the association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases: a review of the literature. Eur Heart J 2010, Suppl 12:B3-B12.
3. Ross R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999, 340:115-126.
4. Gualtierotti R., Biggioggero M., Penatti A.E., Meroni P.L. Updating on the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2010, 10:3-7.
5. Wajed J., Ahmad Y., Durrington P.N., Bruce I.N. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus - proposed guidelines for risk factor management. Rheumatology 2004, 43:7-12.
6. Yao Z., Yang J., Pan L., Chen Z. Periodontal treatment: potential to reduce morbidity and/or mortality. Med Hypotheses 2009, 73:33-35.
7. Iwai T. Periodontal bacteremia and various vascular diseases. J Periodontol Res 2009, 44:689-694.
8. Kebschull M., Demmer R.T., Papapanou P.N. "Gum Bug, Leave My Heart Alone!" -Epidemiologic and Mechanistic Evidence Linking Periodontal Infections and Atherosclerosis. J Dent Res 2010, 89:879-902.
9. Haraszthy V.I., Zambon J.J., Trevisan M., Zeid M., Genco R.J. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques. J Periodontol 2000, 71:1554-1560.
10. Padilla C., Lobos O., Hubert E., et al. Periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2006, 41:350-353.
11. Nakano K., Inaba H., Nomura R., et al. Detection and serotype distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in cardiovascular specimens from Japanese patients. Oral Microbiol Immnunol 2007, 22:136-139.
12. Nakano K., Inaba H., Nomura R., et al. Distribuction of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in cardiovascular specimens from Japanese patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2008, 23:170-172.
13. Gaetti-Jardim E., Marcelino S.L., Feitosa A.C.R., Romito G.A., Avila-Campos M.J. Quantitative detection of periodontopathic bacteria in atherosclerotic plaques from coronary arteries. J Med Microbiol 2009, 58:1568-1575.
14. Spahr A., Klein E., Khuseyinova N., et al. Periodontal infection and coronary heart disease. Role of periodontal bacteria and importance of total pathogen burden in the coronary event and periodontal disease (CORODONT) Study. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166:554-559.
15. Craig R.G., Yip J.K., So M.K., Boylan R.J., Socransky S.S., Haffajee A.D. Relationship of destructive periodontal disease to the acute-phase response. J Periodontol 2003, 74:1007-1016.
16. Bahekar A.A., Singh S., Saha S., Molnar J., Arora R. The prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease in significantly increased in periodontitis: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 2007, 154:830-837.
17. Zampieri S., Iaccarino L., Ghirardello A., et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus, atherosclerosis, and autoantibodies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005, 1051:351-361.
18. Ward M.M. Premature morbidity from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:338-346.
19. Salmon J.E., Roman M.J. Accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: implications for patient management. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2001, 13:341-344.
20. Manzi S., Meilahn E.N., Rairie J.E., et al. Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997, 145:408-415.
21. Gladman D.D., Urowitz M.B. Morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1987, 14:223-226.
22. Petri M., Perez-Gutthann S., Spence D., Hochberg M.C. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 1992, 93:513-519.
23. Manzi S., Selzer F., Sutton-tyrrell K., et al. Prevalence and risk factors of carotid plaque in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:51-60.
24. Esdaile J.M., Abrahamowicz M., Grodzicky T., et al. Traditional Framingham risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2001, 44:2231-2237.
25. George J., Harats D., Gilburd B., Levy Y., Langevitz P., Shoenfeld Y. Atherosclerosis-related markers in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: the role of humoral immunity in enhanced atherogenesis. Lupus 1999, 8:220-226.
26. Doria A., Shoenfeld Y., Wu R., et al. Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in a prospective cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2003, 62:1071-1077.
27. Roman M.J., Shanker B.A., Davis A., et al. Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2003, 349:2399-2406.
28. Novo E., Garcia-MacGregor E., Viera N., Chaparro N., Crozzoli Y. Periodontitis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative study. J Periodontol 1999, 70:185-188.
29. Mutlu S., Richards A., Maddison P., Scully C. Gingival and periodontal health in systemic lupus erythematosus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993, 21:158-161.
30. Kobayashi T., Ito S., Yasuda K., et al. The combined genotypes of stimulatory and inhibitory Fcy receptors associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and periodontitis in Japanese adults. J Periodontol 2007, 78:467-474.
31. Black S., Kushner I., Samols D. C-reactive protein. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:48487-48490.
32. Ridker P., Buring J., Cook N., Rifai N. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow-up of 14719 initially healthy American women. Circulation 2003, 107:391-397.
33. Lee S.S., Singh S.E., Petri M. Predictors of high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2008, 17:114-123.
34. Kaptoge S., Di Angelantonio E., Lowe G., et al. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet 2010, 375:132-140.
35. Pasceri V., Willerson J.T., Yeh E.T. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation 2000, 102:2165-2168.
36. Song C.J., Nakagomi A., Chandar S., et al. C-reactive protein contributes to the hypercoagulable state in coronary artery disease. J Thromb Haemost 2006, 4:98-106.
37. Thakare K.S., Deo V., Bhongade M.L. Evaluation of the C-reactive protein serum levels in periodontitis patients with or without atherosclerosis. Indian J Dent Res 2010, 21:326-329.
38. Marcaccini A.M., Meschiari C.A., Sorgi C.A., et al. Circulating interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein decrease after periodontal therapy in otherwise healthy subjects. J Periodontol 2009, 80:594-602.
39. Linden G.J., McClean K., Young I., Evans A., Kee F. Persistently raised C-reactive protein levels are associated with advanced periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2008, 35:741-747.
40. Janket S.J., Baird A.E., Chuang S.K., Jones J.A. Meta-analysis of periodontal disease and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003, 95:559-569.
41. Humphrey L.L., Fu R., Buckley D.I., Freeman M., Helfand M. Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease incidence. a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2008, 23:2079-2086.
42. Mustapha I.Z., Debrey S., Oladubu M., Ugarte R. Markers of systemic bacterial exposure in periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontol 2007, 78:2289-2302.
43. Paraskevas S., Huizinga J., Loos B. A systematic review and meta-analyses on C-reactive protein in relation to periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2008, 35:277-290.
44. Vidal F., Figueredo C.M., Cordovil I., Fischer R.G. Periodontal therapy reduces plasma levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen in patients with severe periodontitis and refractory arterial hypertension. J Periodontol 2009, 80:786-791.
45. Offenbacher S., Beck J.D., Moss K., et al. Results from the periodontitis and vascular events (PAVE) study: a pilot multicentered, randomized, controlled trial to study effects of periodontal therapy in a secondary prevention model of cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol 2009, 80:190-201.
46. Taylor B., Tofler G., Morel-Kopp M.C., et al. The effect of initial treatment of periodontitis on systemic markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oral Sci 2010, 118:350-356.
47. Minassian C., D'Aiuto F., Hingorani A.D., Smeeth L. Invasive dental treatment and risk for vascular events: a self-controlled case series. Ann Intern Med 2010, 153:499-506.
48. D'Aiuto F., Parkar M., Nibali L., Suvan J., Lessem J., Tonetti M.S. Periodontal infections cause changes in traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors: results from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am Heart J 2006, 151:977-984.
49. D'Aiuto F., Nibali L., Parkar M., Suvan J., Tonetti M.S. Short-term effects of intensive periodontal therapy on serum inflammatory markers and cholesterol. J Dent Res 2005, 84:269-273.
50. Izumi Y., Nagasawa T., Umeda M., et al. Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: the link and relevant mechanisms. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2009, 45:98-108.
51. Acharya A., Bhavsar N., Jadav B., Parikh H. Cardioprotective: effect of periodontal therapy in metabolic syndrome: a pilot study in Indian subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010, 8:1-7.
52. Nikpour M., Gladman D.D., Ibañez D., Urowitz M.B. Variability and correlates of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2009, 18:966-973.
53. Suh C.H., Jeong Y.S., Park H.C., et al. Risk factors for infection and role of C-reactive protein in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001, 19:191-194.
54. Kakati S., Doley B., Sarma P.K. C-reactive protein in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Indian Rheumatol Assoc 2003, 11:66-70.
55. Gaitonde S., Samols D., Kushner I. C-reactive protein and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2008, 59:1814-1820.
56. Bell S.A., Faust H., Schmid A., Meurer M. Autoantibodies to C-reactive protein (CRP) and other acute-phase proteins in systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 1998, 113:327-332.
57. Figueredo M.A., Rodriguez A., Ruiz-Yagüe M., Romero M., et al. Autoantibodies against C-reactive protein: clinical associations in systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 2006, 33:1980-1986.
58. Rosenau B.J., Schur P.H. Antibodies to C reactive protein. Ann Rheum Dis 2006, 65:674-676.
59. Sjöwall C., Bengtsson A.A., Sturfelt G., Skogh T. Serum levels of autoantibodies against monomeric C-reactive protein are correlated with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2004, 6:87-94.
60. Sjöwall C., Wetterö J. Pathogenic implications for autoantibodies against C-reactive protein and other acute phase proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2007, 378:13-23.
61. Carvalho J.F., Hanaoka B., Szyper-Kravitz M., Schoenfeld Y. C-reactive protein and its implications in systemic lupus erythematosus. Acta Rem Port 2007, 32:317-322.
62. Toloza S.M., Uribe A.G., McGwin G., et al. LUMINA Study Group. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA). XXIII. Baseline predictors of vascular events. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:3947-3957.
63. Selzer F., Sutton-Tyrrell K., Fitzgerald S.G., et al. Comparison of risk factors for vascular disease in the carotid artery and aorta in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:151-159.
64. O'Neill S.G., Isenberg D.A., Rahman A. Could antibodies to C-reactive protein link inflammation and cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?. Ann Rheum Dis 2007, 66:989-991.