메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 160-184

Reasons why post-trial access to trial drugs should, or need not be ensured to research participants: A systematic review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COST; DATA BASE; DECISION MAKING; DRUG LEGISLATION; DRUG SCREENING; FEASIBILITY STUDY; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; MEDICAL ETHICS; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 79960485257     PISSN: 17549973     EISSN: 17549981     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/phe/phr013     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (66)

References (93)
  • 2
    • 77952830451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of health and human services. National Institutes of Health Office for Protection from Research Risks
    • Public welfare. Department of health and human services. National Institutes of Health Office for Protection from Research Risks. 45.
    • Public Welfare , vol.45
  • 3
    • 0031875308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human rights and maternal-fetal HIV transmission prevention trials in Africa
    • Annas, G. J. and Grodin, M. A. (1998). Human Rights and Maternal-Fetal HIV Transmission Prevention Trials in Africa. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 560-563. (Pubitemid 28350031)
    • (1998) American Journal of Public Health , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 560-563
    • Annas, G.J.1    Grodin, M.A.2
  • 5
    • 27344443740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV international clinical research: Exploitation and risk
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00459.x
    • Ballantyne, A. (2005). HIV International Clinical Research: Exploitation and Risk. Bioethics, 19, 476-491. (Pubitemid 41527504)
    • (2005) Bioethics , vol.19 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 476-491
    • Ballantyne, A.1
  • 8
    • 33645460987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Populations who test drugs should benefit from them
    • Basu, S., Andrews, J. and Smith-Rohrberg, D. (2006). Populations Who Test Drugs Should Benefit from them. Nature, 440, 605.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , pp. 605
    • Basu, S.1    Andrews, J.2    Smith-Rohrberg, D.3
  • 10
    • 79960498868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Justice and international research: A response to Reidar K. Lie
    • In Levine, R. J. and Gorovitz, S. (eds) A Consultation
    • Benatar, S. R. (2000). Justice and International Research: A Response to Reidar K. Lie. In Levine, R. J. and Gorovitz, S. (eds), Biomedical Research Ethics: Updating International Guidelines. A Consultation, pp. 41-50.
    • (2000) Biomedical Research Ethics: Updating International Guidelines , pp. 41-50
    • Benatar, S.R.1
  • 12
    • 0141651948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thorny issues in the ethics of AIDS vaccine trials
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14371-1
    • Berkley, S. (2003). Thorny Issues in the Ethics of AIDS Vaccine Trials. Lancet, 362, 992. (Pubitemid 37159298)
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9388 , pp. 992
    • Berkley, S.1
  • 13
    • 0037108036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical issues in clinical trials in developing countries
    • Brody, B. A. (2002). Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials in Developing Countries. Statistics in Medicine, 21, 2853-2858.
    • (2002) Statistics in Medicine , vol.21 , pp. 2853-2858
    • Brody, B.A.1
  • 14
    • 0030934599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strident, but essential: The voices of people with AIDS
    • Busse, P. (1997). Strident, but Essential: The Voices of People with AIDS. British Medical Journal, 314, 888-889. (Pubitemid 27182027)
    • (1997) British Medical Journal , vol.314 , Issue.7084 , pp. 888-889
    • Busse, P.1
  • 15
    • 69449101052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploitation and the enterprise of medical research
    • In Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (eds) Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press
    • Carse, A. L. and Little, M. O. (2008). Exploitation and the Enterprise of Medical Research. In Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (eds), Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, pp. 206-245.
    • (2008) Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research , pp. 206-245
    • Carse, A.L.1    Little, M.O.2
  • 16
    • 17444410318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitting a square peg into a round hole? imposing informed consent and post-trial obligations on united states sponsored clinical trials in developing countries
    • Chang, E. (2002). Fitting a Square Peg into a Round Hole? Imposing Informed Consent and Post-Trial Obligations on United States Sponsored Clinical Trials in Developing Countries. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 11, 339-360.
    • (2002) Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal , vol.11 , pp. 339-360
    • Chang, E.1
  • 17
    • 64949121223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to medications and medical care after participation in hiv clinical trials: A systematic review of trial protocols and informed consent documents
    • Ciaranello, A. L., Walensky, R. P., Sax, P. E., Chang, Y., Freedberg, K. A. and Weissman, J. S. (2009). Access to Medications and Medical Care after Participation in HIV Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Trial Protocols and Informed Consent Documents. HIV Clinical Trials, 10, 13-24
    • (2009) HIV Clinical Trials , vol.10 , pp. 13-24
    • Ciaranello, A.L.1    Walensky, R.P.2    Sax, P.E.3    Chang, Y.4    Freedberg, K.A.5    Weissman, J.S.6
  • 19
    • 0003433351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIOMS Proposed Guidelines. Geneva: CIOMS (Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences) and WHO (World Health Organization)
    • CIOMS. (1983). International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. Proposed Guidelines. Geneva: CIOMS (Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences) and WHO (World Health Organization).
    • (1983) International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects
  • 23
    • 0030888982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ethical dilemma. Availability of antiretroviral therapy after clinical trials with HIV infected patients are ended
    • Cleaton-Jones, P. E. (1997). An Ethical Dilemma. Availability of Antiretroviral Therapy After Clinical Trials with HIV Infected Patients are Ended. British Medical Journal, 314, 887-888. (Pubitemid 27182026)
    • (1997) British Medical Journal , vol.314 , Issue.7084 , pp. 887-888
    • Cleaton-Jones, P.E.1
  • 24
    • 68349154520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting of informed consent, standard of care and post-trial obligations in global randomized intervention trials: A systematic survey of registered trials
    • Cohen, E., O'Neill, J., Joffres, M., Upshur, R. and Mills, E. (2008). Reporting of Informed Consent, Standard of Care and Post-Trial Obligations in Global Randomized Intervention Trials: A Systematic Survey of Registered Trials. Developing World Bioethics, 9, 74-80.
    • (2008) Developing World Bioethics , vol.9 , pp. 74-80
    • Cohen, E.1    O'Neill, J.2    Joffres, M.3    Upshur, R.4    Mills, E.5
  • 25
    • 0034923536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributive justice and clinical trials in the Third World
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1011452716028
    • Cooley, D. R. (2001). Distributive Justice and Clinical Trials in the Third World. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 22, 151-167. (Pubitemid 32674242)
    • (2001) Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-167
    • Cooley, D.R.1
  • 26
    • 0032197089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AZT trials and tribulations
    • Crouch, R. A. and Arras, J. D. (1998). Azt Trials and Tribulations. Hastings Center Report, 28, 26-34. (Pubitemid 128746714)
    • (1998) Hasting Center Report , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 26-34
    • Crouch, R.A.1    Arras, J.D.2
  • 29
    • 0032197296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A world of research subjects
    • Emanuel, E. J. (1998). A World of Research Subjects. Hastings Center Report, 28, 25.
    • (1998) Hastings Center Report , vol.28 , pp. 25
    • Emanuel, E.J.1
  • 30
    • 77953475355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits to host countries
    • In Emanuel, E. J., Grady C., Crouch, R. A., Lie, R. K., Miller, F. G. and Wendler, D. (eds) Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press
    • Emanuel, E. J. (2008). Benefits to Host Countries. In Emanuel, E. J., Grady, C., Crouch, R. A., Lie, R. K., Miller, F. G. and Wendler, D. (eds), The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, pp. 719-728.
    • (2008) The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics , pp. 719-728
    • Emanuel, E.J.1
  • 31
    • 84987915246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • In Emanuel, E. J., Grady C., Crouch, R. A., Lie, R. K., Miller, F. G. and Wendler, D. (eds) New York: Oxford University Press
    • Emanuel, E. J., Grady, C., Crouch, R. A., Lie, R. K., Miller, F. G. and Wendler, D. (2008). Introduction. In Emanuel, E. J., Grady, C., Crouch, R. A., Lie, R. K., Miller, F. G. and Wendler, D. (eds), The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 3-6.
    • (2008) The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics , pp. 3-6
    • Emanuel, E.J.1    Grady, C.2    Crouch, R.A.3    Lie, R.K.4    Miller, F.G.5    Wendler, D.6
  • 32
    • 0142149999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informing study participants of research results: An ethical imperative
    • Fernandez, C. V., Kodish, E. and Weijer, C. (2003). Informing Study Participants of Research Results: An Ethical Imperative. IRB: Ethics and Human Research, 25, 12-19.
    • (2003) IRB: Ethics and Human Research , vol.25 , pp. 12-19
    • Fernandez, C.V.1    Kodish, E.2    Weijer, C.3
  • 33
    • 33746900371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting communities in health research from exploitation
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00501.x
    • Gbadegesin, S. and Wendler, D. (2006). Protecting Communities in Health Research from Exploitation. Bioethics, 20, 248-253. (Pubitemid 44199391)
    • (2006) Bioethics , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 248-253
    • Gbadegesin, S.1    Wendler, D.2
  • 34
    • 0032199750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research in developing countries: Taking "benefit" seriously
    • Glantz, L. H., Annas, G. J., Grodin, M. A. and Mariner, W. K. (1998). Research in Developing Countries: Taking "Benefit" Seriously. Hastings Center Report, 28, 38-42. (Pubitemid 128746716)
    • (1998) Hasting Center Report , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 38-42
    • Glantz, L.H.1    Annas, G.J.2    Grodin, M.A.3    Mariner, W.K.4
  • 35
    • 84985256890 scopus 로고
    • Ethical principles for the conduct of human subject research: Population-based research and ethics
    • Gostin, L. (1991). Ethical Principles for the Conduct of Human Subject Research: Population-based Research and Ethics. Law, Medicine and Health Care, 19, 191-201.
    • (1991) Law, Medicine and Health Care , vol.19 , pp. 191-201
    • Gostin, L.1
  • 36
    • 14644413526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenge of assuring continued post-trial access to beneficial treatment
    • Grady, C. (2005). The Challenge of Assuring Continued Post-Trial Access to Beneficial Treatment. Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics, 5, 425-435.
    • (2005) Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics , vol.5 , pp. 425-435
    • Grady, C.1
  • 37
    • 27744571394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: Audit of primary sources
    • DOI 10.1136/bmj.38636.593461.68
    • Greenhalgh, T. and Peacock, R. (2005). Effectiveness and Efficiency of Search Methods in Systematic Reviews of Complex Evidence: Audit of Primary Sources. British Medical Journal, 331, 1064-1065. (Pubitemid 41597859)
    • (2005) British Medical Journal , vol.331 , Issue.7524 , pp. 1064-1065
    • Greenhalgh, T.1    Peacock, R.2
  • 39
    • 43049113533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
    • Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P. and Schunemann, H. J. (2008). Grade: An Emerging Consensus on Rating Quality of Evidence and Strength of Recommendations. British Medical Journal, 336, 924-926. (Pubitemid 351632017)
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , Issue.7650 , pp. 924-926
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Oxman, A.D.2    Vist, G.E.3    Kunz, R.4    Falck-Ytter, Y.5    Alonso-Coello, P.6    Schunemann, H.J.7
  • 40
    • 0029117633 scopus 로고
    • Aftercare for participants in clinical research: Ethical considerations in an asthma drug trial
    • Harth, S. C. and Thong, Y. H. (1995). Aftercare for Participants in Clinical Research: Ethical Considerations in an Asthma Drug Trial. Journal of Medical Ethics, 21, 225-228.
    • (1995) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.21 , pp. 225-228
    • Harth, S.C.1    Thong, Y.H.2
  • 41
    • 79960546947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Why exploitation?
    • In Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (eds Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press
    • Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (2008). Introduction: Why exploitation? In Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (eds), Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, pp. 1-20.
    • (2008) Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research , pp. 1-20
    • Hawkins, J.S.1    Emanuel, E.J.2
  • 42
    • 1442281770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freebies for Subject 641: A Discussion of the Ethical Prospect of Providing Drug Trial Subjects with Post-Trial Access to the Drug Tested-A Canadian Perspective
    • Hutt, L. E. (1998). Freebies for Subject 641: A Discussion of the Ethical Prospect of Providing Drug Trial Subjects with Post-Trial Access to the Drug Tested-A Canadian Perspective. Health Law Journal, 6, 169-187.
    • (1998) Health Law Journal , vol.6 , pp. 169-187
    • Hutt, L.E.1
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0008616655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes and Experiences of U.S. and Developing Country Investigators Regarding U.S. HUMAN Subjects Regulations
    • In National Bioethics Advisory Commission Group (ed.) Bethesda, MD: National Bioethics Advisory Commission
    • Kass, N. and Hyder, A. (2002). Attitudes and Experiences of U.S. and Developing Country Investigators Regarding U.S. HUMAN Subjects Regulations. In National Bioethics Advisory Commission Group (ed.) Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research: Clinical Trials in Developing Countries II: Commissioned Papers. Bethesda, MD: National Bioethics Advisory Commission, pp. B1-B220.
    • (2002) Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research: Clinical Trials in Developing Countries II: Commissioned Papers
    • Kass, N.1    Hyder, A.2
  • 45
    • 0030942775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A partnership to resolve the conundrum
    • King, P. (1997). A Partnership to Resolve the Conundrum. British Medical Journal, 314, 890-891. (Pubitemid 27182030)
    • (1997) British Medical Journal , vol.314 , Issue.7084 , pp. 890-891
    • King, P.1
  • 46
    • 85028252173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stopgap medicine, a special report: For the uninsured, drug trials are health care
    • 22 June
    • Kolata, G. and Eichenwald, K. (1999). Stopgap Medicine, a Special Report: For the Uninsured, Drug Trials are Health Care. New York Times, 22 June.
    • (1999) New York Times
    • Kolata, G.1    Eichenwald, K.2
  • 47
    • 0036178303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who is my brother's keeper?
    • DOI 10.1136/jme.28.1.24
    • Kottow, M. H. (2002). Who is My Brother's Keeper? Journal of Medical Ethics, 28, 24-27. (Pubitemid 34162894)
    • (2002) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-27
    • Kottow, M.H.1
  • 48
    • 16544379316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting international research ethics guidelines to work for the benefit of developing countries
    • Lavery, J. V. (2004). Putting International Research Ethics Guidelines to Work for the Benefit of Developing Countries. Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law and Ethics, 4, 319-336.
    • (2004) Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law and Ethics , vol.4 , pp. 319-336
    • Lavery, J.V.1
  • 49
    • 77951042335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The obligation to ensure access to beneficial treatments for research participants at the conclusion of clinical trials
    • In Emanuel, E. J., Grady C., Crouch, R. A., Lie, R. K., Miller, F. G. and Wendler, D. (eds) New York: Oxford University Press
    • Lavery, J. V. (2008). The Obligation to Ensure Access to Beneficial Treatments for Research Participants at the Conclusion of Clinical Trials. In Emanuel, E. J., Grady, C., Crouch, R. A., Lie, R. K., Miller, F. G. and Wendler, D. (eds), The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 697-710.
    • (2008) The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics , pp. 697-710
    • Lavery, J.V.1
  • 50
    • 0141674240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of nonrandom and qualitative research literature: Exploring and uncovering an evidence base for health visiting and decision making
    • Lemmer, B., Grellier, R. and Steven, J. (1999). Systematic Review of Nonrandom and Qualitative Research Literature: Exploring and Uncovering an Evidence Base for Health Visiting and Decision Making. Qualitative Health Research, 9, 315-328.
    • (1999) Qualitative Health Research , vol.9 , pp. 315-328
    • Lemmer, B.1    Grellier, R.2    Steven, J.3
  • 51
    • 61449098349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Justice and international research
    • In Levine, R., Gorovitz, S. and Gallagher, J. (eds) Geneva: CIOMS
    • Lie, R. (2000). Justice and International Research. In Levine, R., Gorovitz, S. and Gallagher, J. (eds), Biomedical Research Ethics: Updating International Guidelines. Geneva: CIOMS, pp. 27-40.
    • (2000) Biomedical Research Ethics: Updating International Guidelines , pp. 27-40
    • Lie, R.1
  • 52
    • 0043135279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing ethical trials for treatment and prevention of AIDS in developing countries
    • Lo, B. and Bayer, R. (2003). Establishing Ethical Trials for Treatment and Prevention of AIDS in Developing Countries. British Medical Journal, 327, 337-339. (Pubitemid 36966630)
    • (2003) British Medical Journal , vol.327 , Issue.7410 , pp. 337-339
    • Lo, B.1    Bayer, R.2
  • 53
    • 15944404623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Justice and the human development approach to international research
    • London, A. J. (2005). Justice and the Human Development Approach to International Research. Hastings Center Report, 35, 24-37. (Pubitemid 40712162)
    • (2005) Hastings Center Report , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-37
    • London, A.J.1
  • 55
    • 9144272601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research sponsors duties to developing world host nations: The ongoing WMA discussion of possible revisions to the 2000 declaration of helsinki (paragraph 30)
    • Macpherson, C. C. (2004). Research Sponsors Duties to Developing World Host Nations: The Ongoing WMA Discussion of Possible Revisions to the 2000 Declaration of Helsinki (paragraph 30). Developing World Bioethics, 4, 173-175.
    • (2004) Developing World Bioethics , vol.4 , pp. 173-175
    • MacPherson, C.C.1
  • 56
    • 7044226166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argument-based medical ethics: A formal tool for critically appraising the normative medical ethics literature
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.060, PII S000293780400660X
    • McCullough, L. B., Coverdale, J. H. and Chervenak, F. A. (2004). Argument-based Medical Ethics: A Formal Tool for Critically Appraising the Normative Medical Ethics Literature. American Journal ofObstetrics and Gynecology, 191, 1097-1102. (Pubitemid 39421557)
    • (2004) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.191 , Issue.4 , pp. 1097-1102
    • McCullough, L.B.1    Coverdale, J.H.2    Chervenak, F.A.3
  • 57
    • 33847021423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constructing a systematic review for argument-based clinical ethics literature: The example of concealed medications
    • McCullough, L. B., Coverdale, J. H. and Chervenak, F. A. (2007). Constructing a Systematic Review for Argument-Based Clinical Ethics Literature: The Example of Concealed Medications. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 32, 65-76.
    • (2007) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , vol.32 , pp. 65-76
    • McCullough, L.B.1    Coverdale, J.H.2    Chervenak, F.A.3
  • 58
    • 0030942774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case for goodwill
    • McLean, G. R. (1997). A Case for Goodwill. British Medical Journal, 314, 890. (Pubitemid 27182029)
    • (1997) British Medical Journal , vol.314 , Issue.7084 , pp. 890
    • McLean, G.R.1
  • 60
    • 33748515442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocity and post-trial access for participants in antiretroviral therapy trials
    • DOI 10.1097/01.aids.0000244197.88134.45, PII 0000203020060911000001
    • Merritt, M. and Grady, C. (2006). Reciprocity and Post-Trial Access for Participants in Antiretroviral Therapy Trials. AIDS, 20, 1791-1794. (Pubitemid 44358896)
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , Issue.14 , pp. 1791-1794
    • Merritt, M.1    Grady, C.2
  • 67
    • 0036729928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universality and its limits: When research ethics can reflect local circumstances
    • Orentlicher, D. (2002). Universality and its Limits: When Research Ethics can Reflect Local Circumstances. The Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 30, 403-410. (Pubitemid 39258073)
    • (2002) Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-410
    • Orentlicher, D.1
  • 68
    • 0037350239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrolling the uninsured in clinical trials: An ethical perspective
    • Pace, C., Miller, F. G. and Danis, M. (2003). Enrolling the Uninsured in Clinical Trials: An Ethical Perspective. Critical CareMedicine, 31, S121-S125. (Pubitemid 36379555)
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Pace, C.1    Miller, F.G.2    Danis, M.3
  • 69
    • 0037925139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prior agreements in international clinical trials: Ensuring the benefits of research to developing countries
    • Page, A. K. (2002). Prior Agreements in International Clinical Trials: Ensuring the Benefits of Research to Developing Countries. Yale Journal ofHealth Policy, Law, and Ethics, 3, 35-66.
    • (2002) Yale Journal OfHealth Policy, Law, and Ethics , vol.3 , pp. 35-66
    • Page, A.K.1
  • 70
    • 14844295056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical issues in international biomedical research: An overview
    • Page, A. K. (2004). Ethical Issues in International Biomedical Research: An Overview. Journal of Health Law, 37, 629-665.
    • (2004) Journal of Health Law , vol.37 , pp. 629-665
    • Page, A.K.1
  • 71
    • 4644265447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral standards for research in developing countries: From "reasonable availability" to "fair benefits"
    • Participants in the 2001 Conference on Ethical Aspects ofResearch in Developing Countries
    • Participants in the 2001 Conference on Ethical Aspects ofResearch in Developing Countries. (2004). Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries: From "reasonable availability" to "fair benefits". Hastings CenterReport, 34, 17-27.
    • (2004) Hastings CenterReport , vol.34 , pp. 17-27
  • 72
    • 0037073834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethics. Fair benefits for research in developing countries
    • Participants in the Conference on Ethical Aspects of Research in Developing Countries
    • Participants in the Conference on Ethical Aspects of Research in Developing Countries. (2002). Ethics. Fair benefits for research in developing countries. Science, 298(5601), 2133-2134.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , Issue.5601 , pp. 2133-2134
  • 74
    • 35748973926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gradations of researchers' obligation to provide ancillary care for HIV/AIDS in developing countries
    • DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.093658
    • Richardson, H. S. (2007). Gradations of Researchers' Obligation to Provide Ancillary Care for HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1956-1961. (Pubitemid 351194724)
    • (2007) American Journal of Public Health , vol.97 , Issue.11 , pp. 1956-1961
    • Richardson, H.S.1
  • 75
    • 3042525453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ancillary-care responsibilities of medical researchers: An ethical framework for thinking about the clinical care that researchers owe their subjects
    • Richardson, H. S. and Belsky, L. (2004). The Ancillary-Care Responsibilities of Medical Researchers: An Ethical Framework for Thinking about the Clinical Care that Researchers Owe their Subjects. Hastings Center Report, 34, 25-33.
    • (2004) Hastings Center Report , vol.34 , pp. 25-33
    • Richardson, H.S.1    Belsky, L.2
  • 76
    • 79960498499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Going from principles to rules in research ethics
    • Available from [accessed 27 May 2011]
    • Sachs, B. (2009). Going from Principles to Rules in Research Ethics. Bioethics [Internet]. Available from: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/ antiretroviral/ [accessed 27 May 2011].
    • (2009) Bioethics [Internet]
    • Sachs, B.1
  • 77
    • 30644459710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equitable treatment for HIV/AIDS clinical trial participants: A focus group study of patients, clinician researchers, and administrators in western Kenya
    • DOI 10.1136/jme.2004.011106
    • Shaffer, D. N., Yebei, V. N., Ballidawa, J. B., Sidle, J. E., Greene, J. Y., Meslin, E. M., Kimaiyo, S. J. and Tierney, W. M. (2006). Equitable Treatment for HIV/AIDS Clinical Trial Participants: A focus Group Study of Patients, Clinician Researchers, and Administrators in Western Kenya. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32, 55-60. (Pubitemid 43085477)
    • (2006) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-60
    • Shaffer, D.N.1    Yebei, V.N.2    Ballidawa, J.B.3    Sidle, J.E.4    Greene, J.Y.5    Meslin, E.M.6    Kimaiyo, S.J.N.7    Tierney, W.M.8
  • 78
    • 69049092741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planning for posttrial access to antiretroviral treatment for research participants in developing countries
    • Shah, S., Elmer, S. and Grady, C. (2009). Planning for Posttrial Access to Antiretroviral Treatment for Research Participants in Developing Countries. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 1556-1562.
    • (2009) American Journal of Public Health , vol.99 , pp. 1556-1562
    • Shah, S.1    Elmer, S.2    Grady, C.3
  • 79
    • 84890610569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kantian ethics, exploitation, and multinational clinical trials
    • In Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (eds) Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press
    • Siegel, A. W. (2008). Kantian Ethics, Exploitation, and Multinational Clinical Trials. In Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (eds), Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, pp. 286-313.
    • (2008) Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research , pp. 286-313
    • Siegel, A.W.1
  • 80
    • 11144346962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provision of HIV treatment in HIV preventive vaccine trials: A developing country perspective
    • DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.049, PII S0277953604003351
    • Slack, C., Stobie, M., Milford, C., Lindegger, G., Wassenaar, D., Strode, A. and Ijsselmuiden, C. (2005). Provision of HIV Treatment in HIV Preventive Vaccine Trials: A Developing Country Perspective. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 1197-1208. (Pubitemid 40038752)
    • (2005) Social Science and Medicine , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 1197-1208
    • Slack, C.1    Stobie, M.2    Milford, C.3    Lindegger, G.4    Wassenaar, D.5    Strode, A.6    Jsselmuiden, C.7
  • 81
    • 79960488047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for systematic reviews of reasons
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01858.x (Epub ahead of print 27 April 2011)
    • Sofaer, N. and Strech, D. (2011). The Need for Systematic Reviews of Reasons. Bioethics, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01858.x (Epub ahead of print 27 April 2011).
    • (2011) Bioethics
    • Sofaer, N.1    Strech, D.2
  • 82
    • 66549104254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjects' views of obligations to ensure post-trial access to drugs, care, and information: Qualitative results from the experiences of participants in clinical trials (epic) study
    • Sofaer, N., Thiessen, C., Campbell, E. G., Ballou, J., Goold, S. D., Getz, K. A., Koski, G., Krueger, R. A. and Weissman, J. S. (2009). Subjects' Views of Obligations to Ensure Post-Trial Access to Drugs, Care, and Information: Qualitative Results from the Experiences of Participants in Clinical Trials (epic) Study. Journal of Medical Ethics, 35, 183-188.
    • (2009) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.35 , pp. 183-188
    • Sofaer, N.1    Thiessen, C.2    Campbell, E.G.3    Ballou, J.4    Goold, S.D.5    Getz, K.A.6    Koski, G.7    Krueger, R.A.8    Weissman, J.S.9
  • 84
    • 25944447278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies to the European Commission Available from [accessed]
    • The European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies to the European Commission. 2003). Ethical Aspects of Clinical Research in Developing Countries [Internet]. Available from: http;//europa.eu.int/comm/european-group- ethics/ docs/avis17-en.pdf [accessed].
    • (2003) Ethical Aspects of Clinical Research in Developing Countries [Internet]
  • 88
    • 77953464529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploitation in clinical research
    • In Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (eds) Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press
    • Wertheimer, A. (2008). Exploitation in Clinical Research. In Hawkins, J. S. and Emanuel, E. J. (eds), Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, pp. 63-104.
    • (2008) Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research , pp. 63-104
    • Wertheimer, A.1
  • 89
    • 33745616515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The battle of Helsinki: Two troublesome paragraphs in the Declaration of Helsinki are causing a furore over medical research ethics
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.embor.7400743, PII 7400743
    • Wolinsky, H. (2006). The Battle of Helsinki: Two Troublesome Paragraphs in the Declaration of Helsinki are Causing a Furore Over Medical Research Ethics. EMBO Report, 7, 670-672 (Pubitemid 43986260)
    • (2006) EMBO Reports , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 670-672
    • Wolinsky, H.1
  • 92
    • 27744599406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Good enough to use for research but not good enough to benefit from the results of that research: Are the clinical HIV vaccine trials in Africa unjust?
    • Yearby, R. (2004). Good Enough to Use for Research, but Not Good Enough to Benefit from the Results of that Research: Are the Clinical HIV Vaccine Trials in Africa Unjust? De Paul Law Review, 53, 1127-1154.
    • (2004) De Paul Law Review , vol.53 , pp. 1127-1154
    • Yearby, R.1
  • 93
    • 40649099658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should post-trial provision of beneficial experimental interventions be mandatory in developing countries?
    • Zong, Z. (2008). Should Post-Trial Provision of Beneficial Experimental Interventions be Mandatory in Developing Countries? Journal of Medical Ethics, 34, 188-192.
    • (2008) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.34 , pp. 188-192
    • Zong, Z.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.