Research in developing countries: Taking "benefit" seriously

Hasting Center Report

Volumn 28, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 38-42

  Glantz, Leonard H ^a   Annas, George J ^a   Grodin, Michael A ^a   Mariner, Wendy K ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; HEALTH CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; INFORMED CONSENT; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MEDICAL ETHICS; ORGANIZATION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PATIENT ADVOCACY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANT WOMAN; RESEARCH; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS;

BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; HEALTH CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH;

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ETHICS, MEDICAL; GUIDELINES; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; INFORMED CONSENT; INTERNATIONALITY; ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES; PATIENT ADVOCACY; PREGNANT WOMEN; RESEARCH; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0032199750     PISSN: 00930334     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3528268     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Lisa Belkin, "The Clues Are in the Blood," New York Times Magazine, 26 April 1998.
2. Michael Grodin and Leonard Glantz, eds., Children as Research Subjects: Science, Ethics, and Law (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).
3. Wendy K. Mariner, "Distinguishing 'Exploitable' from 'Vulnerable' Populations: When Consent Is Not the Issue," in Ethics and Research on Human Subjects: Proceedings, ed. Zbigniew Bankowski and Robert J. Levine (Geneva: CIOMS, 1993), pp. 44-55.
4. Zbigniew Bankowski and Robert J. Levine, eds., Ethics and Research on Human Subjects: International Guidelines (Geneva: CIOMS, 1993), pp. 25-32, 43-46.
5. Sharon Perley, Sev S. Fluss, Zbigniew Bankowski, and Francoise Simon, "The Nuremberg Code: An International Overview," in The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code, ed. George J. Annas and Michael A. Grodin (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 149-73.
6. Bankowski and Levine, Ethics and Research, p. 26. Emphasis added.
7. George Annas and Michael Grodin, "Human Rights and Maternal-Fetal HIV Transmission Prevention Trials in Africa," American Journal of Public Health 88, no. 4 (1998): 560-63.
8. Edward Connor, Rhoda Sperling, Richard Gelber et al., "Reduction of Maternal-Infant Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 with Zidovudine Treatment," NEJM 331 (1994): 1173-80.
9. "Recommendation of the U.S. Public Health Service Task Force on the Use of Zidovudine to Reduce Prenatal Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus," MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports 43 (1994): 1-20.
10. Harold Varmus and David Satcher, "Ethical Complexities of Conducting Research in Developing Countries," NEJM 337 (1997): 1003-1005.
11. The per capita health care expenditures of most of the African countries involved in mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention trials range from $5 to $22 U.S. World Bank Sector Strategy Health Nutrition and Population, 1997.
12. M. Bunce, "Chirac Seeks Worldwide Relief for AIDS in Africa," Boston Globe, 8 December 1997.
13. "Administration of Zidovudine During Late Pregnancy and Delivery to Prevent Perinatal HIV Transmission - Thailand 1996-1998," MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports 47, no. 8 (1998): 151-54. The editorial note states that "to implement these findings, ministries of health, donor agencies, and other interested agents should develop policies and practices to strengthen access to prenatal care, testing and counseling for HIV infections, and provision of ZDV for HIV-infected pregnant woman."
14. Bankowski and Levine, Ethics and Research, p. 45.
15. As the National Research Council's Committee on Human Genome Diversity properly put it, in the context of research on human subjects, "[s]ensitivity to the special practices and beliefs of a community cannot be used as a justification for violating universal human rights." Committee on Human Genetic Diversity, Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997), p. 65.
16. 45 CFR 46.111(a)(3).
17. Varmus and Satcher, "Ethical Complexities of Conducting Research in Developing Countries."
18. Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity, at pp. 55-68. Emphasis added.