Trends of invasive serotype 6c pneumococci in Spain: Emergence of a new lineage

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Volumn 66, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1712-1718

  Rolo, Dora ^a,b   Fenoll, Asunción ^b   Ardanuy, Carmen ^a,b   Calatayud, Laura ^a,b   Cubero, Meritxell ^a,b   de la Campa, Adela G ^b   Liñares, Josefina ^a,b  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI DE BELLVITGE   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

Author keywords

IPD; Macrolide resistance; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Indexed keywords

CEFOTAXIME; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; ERYTHROMYCIN; MACROLIDE; PENICILLIN G; QUINOLONE; TETRACYCLINE;

ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIFFUSION; DOUBLE DISC DIFFUSION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; SEROTYPE; SPAIN; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; TRANSPOSON;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DNA, BACTERIAL; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MACROLIDES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; POLYMORPHISM, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; QUINOLONES; SEROTYPING; SPAIN; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; TETRACYCLINE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79960470379     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: 14602091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr193     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Austrian R. Some observations on the pneumococcus and on the current status of pneumococcal disease and its prevention. Rev Infect Dis 1981; 3 Suppl: S1-17.
2. Brueggemann AB, Peto TE, Crook DW et al. Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. J Infect Dis 2004; 190: 1203-11.
3. Jansen AG, Rodenburg GD, van der Ende A et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among adults: associations among serotypes, disease characteristics, and outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: e23-9.
4. Robinson KA, Baughman W, Rothrock G et al. Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the United States, 1995-1998: opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era. JAMA 2001; 285: 1729-35.
5. Park IH, Pritchard DG, Cartee R et al. Discovery of a new capsular serotype (6C) within serogroup 6 of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 1225-33.
6. Park IH, Park S, Hollingshead SK et al. Genetic basis for the new pneumococcal serotype, 6C. Infect Immun 2007; 75: 4482-9.
7. Hermans PW, Blommaart M, Park IH et al. Low prevalence of recently discovered pneumococcal serotype 6C isolates among healthy Dutch children in the pre-vaccination era. Vaccine 2008; 26: 449-50.
8. Nunes S, Valente C, Sá-Leão R et al. Temporal trends and molecular epidemiology of recently described serotype 6C of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47: 472-4.
9. Vestrheim DF, Hoiby EA, Aaberge IS et al. Impact of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccination program on carriage among children in Norway. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2010; 17: 325-34.
10. Tocheva AS, Jefferies JM, Christodoulides M et al. Increase in serotype 6C pneumococcal carriage, United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16: 154-5.
11. Marimón JM, Ercibengoa M, Alonso M et al. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6C causing invasive disease in Gipuzkoa, northern Spain, 1990-2009. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29: 1035-8.
12. Vickers I, Fitzgerald M, Murchan S et al. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in the Republic of Ireland. Epidemiol Infect 2011; 139: 783-90.
13. Rolo D, Ardanuy C, Calatayud L et al. Characterization of invasive pneumococci of serogroup 6 from adults in Barcelona, 1994-2008. J Clin Microbiol 2011; doi:10.1128/JCM.02545-10.
14. Grupo de Trabajo de la Ponencia de Registro y Programa de Vacunas. Enfermedad Invasiva por Streptococcus pneumoniae. Implicación de la vacunación con la vacuna conjugada hepatavalente. Madrid, Spain: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2006.
15. Picazo J, Ruiz-Contreras J, Casado-Flores J et al. Relationship between serotypes, age, and clinical presentation of invasive pneumococcal disease in Madrid, Spain, after introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the vaccination calendar. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2011; 18: 89-94.
16. Muñoz-Almagro C, Jordan I, Gene A et al. Emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes in the era of 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 174-82.
17. Ardanuy C, Tubau F, Pallares R et al. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among adult patients in Barcelona before and after pediatric 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, 1997-2007. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: 57-64.
18. Fenoll A, Granizo JJ, Aguilar L et al. Temporal trends of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Spain from 1979 to 2007. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47: 1012-20.
19. Liñares J, Ardanuy C, Pallares R et al. Changes in antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 30-year period. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16: 402-10.
20. Calatayud L, Ardanuy C, Tubau F et al. Serotype and genotype replacement among macrolide-resistant invasive pneumococci in adults: mechanisms of resistance and association with different transposons. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48: 1310-6.
21. Ardanuy C, Rolo D, Fenoll A et al. Emergence of a multidrug-resistant clone (ST320) among invasive serotype 19A pneumococci in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64: 507-10.
22. Carvalho Mda G, Pimenta FC, Gertz RE Jr et al. PCR-based quantitation and clonal diversity of the current prevalent invasive serogroup 6 pneumococcal serotype, 6C, in the United States in 1999 and 2006 to 2007. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47: 554-9.
23. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Eighteenth Informational Supplement M100-S18. CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA, 2008.
24. Leclercq R, Courvalin P. Resistance to macrolides and related antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 2727-34.
25. Calatayud L, Ardanuy C, Cercenado E et al. Serotypes, clones, and mechanisms of resistance of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 3240-6.
26. Kataja J, Huovinen P, Skurnik M et al. Erythromycin resistance genes in group A streptococci in Finland. The Finnish Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 48-52.
27. Sutcliffe J, Tait-Kamradt A, Wondrack L. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to macrolides but sensitive to clindamycin: a common resistance pattern mediated by an efflux system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 1817-24.
28. Brenciani A, Bacciaglia A, Vecchi M et al. Genetic elements carrying erm(B) in Streptococcus pyogenes and association with tet(M) tetracycline resistance gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 1209-16.
29. Cochetti I, Tili E, Mingoia M et al. erm(B)-carrying elements in tetracycline-resistant pneumococci and correspondence between Tn1545 and Tn6003. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 1285-90.
30. Pan XS, Ambler J, Mehtar S et al. Involvement of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase as ciprofloxacin targets in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 2321-6.
31. Alonso R, Galimand M, Courvalin P. An extended PCR-RFLP assay for detection of parC, parE and gyrA mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 53: 682-3.
32. de la Campa AG, Ardanuy C, Balsalobre L et al. Changes in fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 7-valent conjugate vaccination, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15: 905-11.
33. McGee L, McDougal L, Zhou J et al. Nomenclature of major antimicrobial-resistant clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae defined by the pneumococcal molecular epidemiology network. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2565-71.
34. Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network. http://www.sph.emory.edu/PMEN/ (18 April 2011, date last accessed).
35. Enright MC, Spratt BG. A multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus pneumoniae: identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease. Microbiology 1998; 144: 3049-60.
36. Pneumococcal MLST web site. http://spneumoniae.mlst.net (18 April 2011, date last accessed).
37. Park IH, Moore MR, Treanor JJ et al. Differential effects of pneumococcal vaccines against serotypes 6A and 6C. J Infect Dis 2008; 198: 1818-22.
38. Jacobs MR, Bajaksouzian S, Bonomo RA et al. Occurrence, distribution, and origins of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6C, a recently recognized serotype. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47: 64-72.
39. Jacobs MR, Good CE, Bajaksouzian S et al. Emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 19A, 6C, and 22F and serogroup in Cleveland, Ohio, in relation to introduction of the protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47: 1388-95.
40. du Plessis M, von Gottberg A, Madhi SA et al. Serotype 6C is associated with penicillin-susceptible meningeal infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults among invasive pneumococcal isolates previously identified as serotype 6A in South Africa. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32 Suppl 1: S66-70.
41. Bratcher PE, Park IH, Oliver MB et al. Evolution of the capsular gene locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 6. Microbiology 2011; 157: 189-98.
42. Gertz RE Jr, Li Z, Pimenta FC et al. Increased penicillin nonsusceptibility of nonvaccine-serotype invasive pneumococci other than serotypes 19A and 6A in post-7-valent conjugate vaccine era. J Infect Dis 2010; 201: 770-5.
43. Cooper D, Yu X, Sidhu M et al. 13-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine elicits strong opsonophagocytic killing (OPA) activity to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6A, 6B, and 6C. In: Abstracts of the Seventh International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2010. Abstract 156 of the Poster Viewing Shift 2, p. 267.