Emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 19A, 6C, and 22F and serogroup 15 in Cleveland, Ohio, in relation to introduction of the protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 47, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1388-1395

  Jacobs, Michael R ^a   Good, Caryn E ^a   Bajaksouzian, Saralee ^a   Windau, Anne R ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

7 VALENT CONJUGATE PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE; AMOXICILLIN; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFDINIR; CEFPODOXIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CEFUROXIME; CLINDAMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; LEVOFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN G; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MENINGITIS; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEROTYPING; STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; UNITED STATES; VACCINATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINES; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; OHIO; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; SEROTYPING; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 55849108870     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/592972     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology & prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. Atkinson W, Hamborsky J, Wolfe S, eds. 9th ed. Washington, DC: Public Health Foundation, 2006.
2. Park IH, Pritchard DG, Cartee R, Brandao A, Brandileone MC, Nahm MH. Discovery of a new capsular serotype (6C) within serogroup 6 of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1225-33.
3. Park IH, Park S, Hollingshead SK, Nahm MH. Genetic basis for the new pneumococcal serotype, 6C. Infect Immun 2007; 75:4482-9.
4. Robinson KA, Baughman W, Rothrock G, et al. Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the United States, 1995-1998: opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era. JAMA 2001; 285:1729-35.
5. Shields B. Prevnar (heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine): disease prevention in infants and children. J Pediatr Health Care 2001; 15:203-8; quiz 209-10.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007; 56:880-5.
7. Whitney CG. Impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24:729-30.
8. Brueggemann AB, Pai R, Crook DW, Beall B. Vaccine escape recombinants emerge after pneumococcal vaccination in the United States. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e168.
9. Gonzalez BE, Hulten KG, Lamberth L, Kaplan SL, Mason EO Jr. Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroups 15 and 33: an increasing cause of pneumococcal infections in children in the United States after the introduction of the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:301-5.
10. Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH. Manual of clinical microbiology. 8th ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2003.
11. NCCLS. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, 5th ed. Approved standard M7-A6. Wayne, PA: NCCLS, 2003.
12. Jacobs MR, Good CE, Beall B, Bajaksouzian S, Windau AR, Whitney CG. Changes in serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Cleveland: a quarter century of experience. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:982-90.
13. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; fifteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S15. Wayne, PA: CLSI, 2005.
14. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; eighteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S18. Wayne, PA: CLSI, 2008.
15. Lund E, Henrichsen J. Laboratory diagnosis, serology and epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In: Bergan T, Norris, JR, eds. Methods in microbiology. Vol 12. London: Academic Press, 1978:244-55.
16. Mavroidi A, Godoy D, Aanensen DM, Robinson DA, Hollingshead SK, Spratt BG. Evolutionary genetics of the capsular locus of serogroup 6 pneumococci. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:8181-92.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Immunization coverage in the US. 2007. Available at: http://cdc.gov/vaccines/stats-surv/imzcoverage. htm#nis. Accessed 21 August 2007.
18. Ohio Department of Development, Office of Policy Research and Strategic Planning. Available at: http://www.odod.state.oh.us/research/. Accessed 7 April 2008.
19. Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1737-46.
20. Kaplan SL, Mason EO Jr, Wald ER, et al. Decrease of invasive pneumococcal infections in children among 8 children's hospitals in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrics 2004; 113:443-9.
21. Pelton SI. The decline in invasive pneumococcal disease. Pediatrics 2004; 113:617-8.
22. Whitney CG, Klugman KP. Vaccines as tools against resistance: the example of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2004; 15:86-93.
23. Lexau CA, Lynfield R, Danila R, et al. Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA 2005; 294:2043-51.
24. Flannery B, Heffernan RT, Harrison LH, et al. Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults living in the era of childhood pneumococcal immunization. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144:1-9.
25. Poehling KA, Talbot TR, Griffin MR, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA 2006; 295:1668-74.
26. Whitney CG, Pilishvili T, Farley MM, et al. Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease: a matched case-control study. Lancet 2006; 368:1495-502.
27. Peters TR, Poehling KA. Invasive pneumococcal disease: the target is moving. JAMA 2007; 297:1825-6.
28. Singleton RJ, Hennessy TW, Bulkow LR, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes among Alaska native children with high levels of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage. JAMA 2007; 297:1784-92.
29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Invasive pneumococcal disease in children 5 years after conjugate vaccine introduction - eight states, 1998-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008; 57:144-8.
30. Munoz-Almagro C, Jordan I, Gene A, Latorre C, Garcia-Garcia JJ, Pallares R. Emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes in the era of 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:174-82.
31. Pelton SI, Huot H, Finkelstein JA, et al. Emergence of 19A as virulent and multidrug resistant pneumococcus in Massachusetts following universal immunization of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:468-72.
32. Messina AF, Katz-Gaynor K, Barton T, et al. Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Dallas, TX, children from 1999 through 2005. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:461-7.
33. Dagan R, Melamed R, Muallem M, et al. Reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci during the second year of life by a heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:1271-8.
34. Ghaffar F, Barton T, Lozano J, et al. Effect of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in the first 2 years of life. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:930-8.
35. Hammitt LL, Bruden DL, Butler JC, et al. Indirect effect of conjugate vaccine on adult carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: an explanation of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:1487-94.
36. Hanage WP, Huang SS, Lipsitch M, et al. Diversity and antibiotic resistance among nonvaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage isolates in the post-heptavalent conjugate vaccine era. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:347-52.
37. Huang SS, Platt R, Rifas-Shiman SL, Pelton SI, Goldmann D, Finkelstein JA. Post-PCV7 changes in colonizing pneumococcal serotypes in 16 Massachusetts communities, 2001 and 2004. Pediatrics 2005; 116:e408-13.
38. Millar EV, O'Brien KL, Watt JP, et al. Effect of community-wide conjugate pneumococcal vaccine use in infancy on nasopharyngeal carriage through 3 years of age: a cross-sectional study in a high-risk population. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:8-15.
39. Moore MR, Hyde TB, Hennessy TW, et al. Impact of a conjugate vaccine on community-wide carriage of nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Alaska. J Infect Dis 2004; 190:2031-8.
40. Veenhoven RH, Bogaert D, Schilder AG, et al. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage after combined pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccination in children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:911-9.
41. Jacobs MR, Koornhof HJ, Robins-Browne RM, et al. Emergence of multiply resistant pneumococci. N Engl J Med 1978; 299:735-40.
42. Beall B, McEllistrem MC, Gertz RE Jr, et al. Pre- and postvaccination clonal compositions of invasive pneumococcal serotypes for isolates collected in the United States in 1999, 2001, and 2002. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:999-1017.
43. Moore MR, Gertz RE Jr, Woodbury RL, et al. Population snapshot of emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in the United States, 2005. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1016-27.
44. Reinert RR, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC, et al. Relationship between the original multiply resistant South African isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from 1977 to 1978 and contemporary international resistant clones. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:6035-41.
45. Jacobs MR. Clinical significance of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. S Afr Med J 2007; 97:1133-40.
46. Hermans PW, Blommaart M, Park IH, Nahm MH, Bogaert D. Low prevalence of recently discovered pneumococcal serotype 6C isolates among healthy Dutch children in the pre-vaccination era. Vaccine 2008; 26:449-50.