메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 14, 2011, Pages 7273-7283

Host-based ribavirin resistance influences hepatitis C virus replication and treatment response

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EQUILIBRATIVE NUCLEOSIDE TRANSPORTER 1; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2A; RIBAVIRIN;

EID: 79960424334     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: 10985514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00629-11     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 70349229380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase III study of the safety and efficacy of viramidine versus ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C: ViSER1 results
    • Benhamou, Y., et al. 2009. A phase III study of the safety and efficacy of viramidine versus ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C: ViSER1 results. Hepatology 50:717-726.
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.50 , pp. 717-726
    • Benhamou, Y.1
  • 2
    • 0036893332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly permissive cell lines for subgenomic and genomic hepatitis C virus RNA replication
    • Blight, K. J., J. A. McKeating, and C. M. Rice. 2002. Highly permissive cell lines for subgenomic and genomic hepatitis C virus RNA replication. J. Virol. 76:13001-13014.
    • (2002) J. Virol. , vol.76 , pp. 13001-13014
    • Blight, K.J.1    McKeating, J.A.2    Rice., C.M.3
  • 3
    • 0346101769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial binding of the broad spectrum antiviral nucleoside ribavirin to the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase
    • Bougie, I., and M. Bisaillon. 2003. Initial binding of the broad spectrum antiviral nucleoside ribavirin to the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase. J. Biol. Chem. 278:52471-52478.
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 52471-52478
    • Bougie, I.1    Bisaillon, M.2
  • 4
    • 42049091651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two distinct molecular mechanisms underlying cytarabine resistance in human leukemic cells
    • Cai, J., et al. 2008. Two distinct molecular mechanisms underlying cytarabine resistance in human leukemic cells. Cancer Res. 68:2349-2357.
    • (2008) Cancer Res. , vol.68 , pp. 2349-2357
    • Cai, J.1
  • 5
    • 0035811016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA virus error catastrophe: direct molecular test by using ribavirin
    • Crotty, S., C. E. Cameron, and R. Andino. 2001. RNA virus error catastrophe: direct molecular test by using ribavirin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:6895-6900.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.98 , pp. 6895-6900
    • Crotty, S.1    Cameron, C.E.2    Andino, R.3
  • 6
    • 0034532953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The broad-spectrum antiviral ribonucleoside ribavirin is an RNA virus mutagen
    • Crotty, S., et al. 2000. The broad-spectrum antiviral ribonucleoside ribavirin is an RNA virus mutagen. Nat. Med. 6:1375-1379.
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 1375-1379
    • Crotty, S.1
  • 7
    • 11144330097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling how ribavirin improves interferon response rates in hepatitis C virus infection
    • Dixit, N. M., J. E. Layden-Almer, T. J. Layden, and A. S. Perelson. 2004. Modelling how ribavirin improves interferon response rates in hepatitis C virus infection. Nature 432:922-924.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 922-924
    • Dixit, N.M.1    Layden-Almer, J.E.2    Layden, T.J.3    Perelson, A.S.4
  • 8
    • 33646560284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolism, pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of antiviral activity of ribavirin against hepatitis C virus
    • Dixit, N. M., and A. S. Perelson. 2006. The metabolism, pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of antiviral activity of ribavirin against hepatitis C virus. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 63:832-842.
    • (2006) Cell Mol. Life Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 832-842
    • Dixit, N.M.1    Perelson, A.S.2
  • 9
    • 0030747157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival
    • Domingo, E., and J. J. Holland. 1997. RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 51:151-178.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.51 , pp. 151-178
    • Domingo, E.1    Holland, J.J.2
  • 10
    • 56749104498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral potency analysis and functional comparison of consensus interferon, interferon-alpha2a and pegylated interferon-alpha2b against hepatitis C virus infection
    • Erickson, A. K., S. Seiwert, and M. Gale, Jr. 2008. Antiviral potency analysis and functional comparison of consensus interferon, interferon-alpha2a and pegylated interferon-alpha2b against hepatitis C virus infection. Antivir. Ther. 13:851-862.
    • (2008) Antivir. Ther. , vol.13 , pp. 851-862
    • Erickson, A.K.1    Seiwert, S.2    Gale Jr., M.3
  • 11
    • 38549143917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional characterization of a nucleoside-derived drug transporter variant (hCNT3C602R) showing altered sodium-binding capacity
    • Errasti-Murugarren, E., P. Cano-Soldado, M. Pastor-Anglada, and F. J. Casado. 2008. Functional characterization of a nucleoside-derived drug transporter variant (hCNT3C602R) showing altered sodium-binding capacity. Mol. Pharmacol. 73:379-386.
    • (2008) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.73 , pp. 379-386
    • Errasti-Murugarren, E.1    Cano-Soldado, P.2    Pastor-Anglada, M.3    Casado, F.J.4
  • 12
    • 77954946679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human concentrative nucleoside transporter-3 C602R variant shows impaired sorting to lipid rafts and altered specificity for nucleoside-derived drugs
    • Errasti-Murugarren, E., M. Molina-Arcas, F. J. Casado, and M. Pastor-Anglada. 2010. The human concentrative nucleoside transporter-3 C602R variant shows impaired sorting to lipid rafts and altered specificity for nucleoside-derived drugs. Mol. Pharmacol. 78:157-165.
    • (2010) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.78 , pp. 157-165
    • Errasti-Murugarren, E.1    Molina-Arcas, M.2    Casado, F.J.3    Pastor-Anglada, M.4
  • 13
    • 34547113312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of CNT3 in the transepithelial flux of nucleosides and nucleoside-derived drugs
    • Errasti-Murugarren, E., M. Pastor-Anglada, and F. J. Casado. 2007. Role of CNT3 in the transepithelial flux of nucleosides and nucleoside-derived drugs. J. Physiol. 582:1249-1260.
    • (2007) J. Physiol. , vol.582 , pp. 1249-1260
    • Errasti-Murugarren, E.1    Pastor-Anglada, M.2    Casado, F.J.3
  • 14
    • 23944462641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of interferon and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C
    • Feld, J. J., and J. H. Hoofnagle. 2005. Mechanism of action of interferon and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C. Nature 436:967-972.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.436 , pp. 967-972
    • Feld, J.J.1    Hoofnagle, J.H.2
  • 15
    • 77953893773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribavirin improves early responses to peginterferon through improved interferon signaling
    • Feld, J. J., et al. 2010. Ribavirin improves early responses to peginterferon through improved interferon signaling. Gastroenterology 139:154-162.
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.139 , pp. 154-162
    • Feld, J.J.1
  • 16
    • 36348960622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic gene expression during treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin: Identifying molecular pathways for treatment response
    • Feld, J. J., et al. 2007. Hepatic gene expression during treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin: Identifying molecular pathways for treatment response. Hepatology 46:1548-1563.
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.46 , pp. 1548-1563
    • Feld, J.J.1
  • 17
    • 23444460553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting sustained virological responses in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40 KD)/ribavirin
    • Ferenci, P., et al. 2005. Predicting sustained virological responses in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40 KD)/ribavirin. J. Hepatol. 43:425-433.
    • (2005) J. Hepatol. , vol.43 , pp. 425-433
    • Ferenci, P.1
  • 18
    • 33645103945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in the resistance of T-lymphoblastic cell lines to thiopurines
    • Fotoohi, A. K., M. Lindqvist, C. Peterson, and F. Albertioni. 2006. Involvement of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in the resistance of T-lymphoblastic cell lines to thiopurines. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 343:208-215.
    • (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.343 , pp. 208-215
    • Fotoohi, A.K.1    Lindqvist, M.2    Peterson, C.3    Albertioni, F.4
  • 19
    • 77949657465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of ribavirin uptake systems in human hepatocytes
    • Fukuchi, Y., T. Furihata, M. Hashizume, M. Iikura, and K. Chiba. 2010. Characterization of ribavirin uptake systems in human hepatocytes. J. Hepatol. 52:486-492.
    • (2010) J. Hepatol. , vol.52 , pp. 486-492
    • Fukuchi, Y.1    Furihata, T.2    Hashizume, M.3    Iikura, M.4    Chiba, K.5
  • 20
    • 0036238466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential mechanisms of resistance to cytarabine in AML patients
    • Galmarini, C. M., et al. 2002. Potential mechanisms of resistance to cytarabine in AML patients. Leuk. Res. 26:621-629.
    • (2002) Leuk. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 621-629
    • Galmarini, C.M.1
  • 21
    • 70349292099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatmentinduced viral clearance
    • Ge, D., et al. 2009. Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatmentinduced viral clearance. Nature 461:399-401.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , pp. 399-401
    • Ge, D.1
  • 22
    • 65449136656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update
    • Ghany, M. G., D. B. Strader, D. L. Thomas, and L. B. Seeff. 2009. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology 49:1335-1374.
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.49 , pp. 1335-1374
    • Ghany, M.G.1    Strader, D.B.2    Thomas, D.L.3    Seeff, L.B.4
  • 23
    • 30344455618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating HCV with ribavirin analogues and ribavirin-like molecules
    • Gish, R. G. 2006. Treating HCV with ribavirin analogues and ribavirin-like molecules. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 57:8-13.
    • (2006) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.57 , pp. 8-13
    • Gish, R.G.1
  • 24
    • 31144445870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of ribavirin against distinct viruses
    • Graci, J. D., and C. E. Cameron. 2006. Mechanisms of action of ribavirin against distinct viruses. Rev. Med. Virol. 16:37-48.
    • (2006) Rev. Med. Virol. , vol.16 , pp. 37-48
    • Graci, J.D.1    Cameron, C.E.2
  • 25
    • 0030606020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleoside and nucleobase transport systems of mammalian cells
    • Griffith, D. A., and S. M. Jarvis. 1996. Nucleoside and nucleobase transport systems of mammalian cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1286:153-181.
    • (1996) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1286 , pp. 153-181
    • Griffith, D.A.1    Jarvis, S.M.2
  • 26
    • 65449171953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telaprevir and peginterferon with or without ribavirin for chronic HCV infection
    • Hezode, C., et al. 2009. Telaprevir and peginterferon with or without ribavirin for chronic HCV infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 360:1839-1850.
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , pp. 1839-1850
    • Hezode, C.1
  • 27
    • 66149132168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced ribavirin antiviral efficacy via nucleoside transporter-mediated drug resistance
    • Ibarra, K. D., and J. K. Pfeiffer. 2009. Reduced ribavirin antiviral efficacy via nucleoside transporter-mediated drug resistance. J. Virol. 83:4538-4547.
    • (2009) J. Virol. , vol.83 , pp. 4538-4547
    • Ibarra, K.D.1    Pfeiffer, J.K.2
  • 28
    • 0031919066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribavirin uptake by human erythrocytes and the involvement of nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive (es)-nucleoside transporters
    • Jarvis, S. M., J. A. Thorn, and P. Glue. 1998. Ribavirin uptake by human erythrocytes and the involvement of nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive (es)-nucleoside transporters. Br. J. Pharmacol. 123:1587-1592.
    • (1998) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.123 , pp. 1587-1592
    • Jarvis, S.M.1    Thorn, J.A.2    Glue., P.3
  • 29
    • 35848960127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of recent studies on resistance to cytotoxic deoxynucleoside analogues
    • Jordheim, L. P., and C. Dumontet. 2007. Review of recent studies on resistance to cytotoxic deoxynucleoside analogues. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1776: 138-159.
    • (2007) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1776 , pp. 138-159
    • Jordheim, L.P.1    Dumontet, C.2
  • 30
    • 1442302331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian nucleoside transporters
    • Kong, W., K. Engel, and J. Wang. 2004. Mammalian nucleoside transporters. Curr. Drug Metab. 5:63-84.
    • (2004) Curr. Drug Metab. , vol.5 , pp. 63-84
    • Kong, W.1    Engel, K.2    Wang., J.3
  • 31
    • 12844279849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose ribavirin in combination with standard dose peginterferon for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C
    • Lindahl, K., L. Stahle, A. Bruchfeld, and R. Schvarcz. 2005. High-dose ribavirin in combination with standard dose peginterferon for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 41:275-279.
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.41 , pp. 275-279
    • Lindahl, K.1    Stahle, L.2    Bruchfeld, A.3    Schvarcz, R.4
  • 33
    • 0017352667 scopus 로고
    • Consequences of inhibition of guanine nucleotide synthesis by mycophenolic acid and virazole
    • Lowe, J. K., L. Brox, and J. F. Henderson. 1977. Consequences of inhibition of guanine nucleotide synthesis by mycophenolic acid and virazole. Cancer Res. 37:736-743.
    • (1977) Cancer Res. , vol.37 , pp. 736-743
    • Lowe, J.K.1    Brox, L.2    Henderson, J.F.3
  • 34
    • 0034017591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human intestinal es nucleoside transporter: molecular characterization and nucleoside inhibitory profiles
    • Lum, P. Y., L. Y. Ngo, A. H. Bakken, and J. D. Unadkat. 2000. Human intestinal es nucleoside transporter: molecular characterization and nucleoside inhibitory profiles. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 45:273-278.
    • (2000) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. , vol.45 , pp. 273-278
    • Lum, P.Y.1    Ngo, L.Y.2    Bakken, A.H.3    Unadkat, J.D.4
  • 35
    • 0035824671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) as a mediator of the antiviral activity of ribavirin
    • Maag, D., C. Castro, Z. Hong, and C. E. Cameron. 2001. Hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) as a mediator of the antiviral activity of ribavirin. J. Biol. Chem. 276:46094-46098.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 46094-46098
    • Maag, D.1    Castro, C.2    Hong, Z.3    Cameron, C.E.4
  • 36
    • 0242637653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleoside transporters in the disposition and targeting of nucleoside analogs in the kidney
    • Mangravite, L. M., I. Badagnani, and K. M. Giacomini. 2003. Nucleoside transporters in the disposition and targeting of nucleoside analogs in the kidney. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 479:269-281.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.479 , pp. 269-281
    • Mangravite, L.M.1    Badagnani, I.2    Giacomini, K.M.3
  • 37
    • 0032547938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group
    • McHutchison, J. G., et al. 1998. Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 339:1485-1492.
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.339 , pp. 1485-1492
    • McHutchison, J.G.1
  • 38
    • 77957002540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of a single nucleotide polymorphism at the main ribavirin transporter gene on the rapid virological response to pegylated interferon-ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    • Morello, J., et al. 2010. Influence of a single nucleotide polymorphism at the main ribavirin transporter gene on the rapid virological response to pegylated interferon-ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 202:1185-1191.
    • (2010) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.202 , pp. 1185-1191
    • Morello, J.1
  • 39
    • 0031780370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal absorption of ribavirin is preferentially mediated by the Na2-nucleoside purine (N1) transporter
    • Patil, S. D., L. Y. Ngo, P. Glue, and J. D. Unadkat. 1998. Intestinal absorption of ribavirin is preferentially mediated by the Na2.nucleoside purine (N1) transporter. Pharm. Res. 15:950-952.
    • (1998) Pharm. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 950-952
    • Patil, S.D.1    Ngo, L.Y.2    Glue, P.3    Unadkat, J.D.4
  • 40
    • 0019523319 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of murine plaque-forming cell responses in vivo by ribavirin
    • Peavy, D. L., C. N. Powers, and V. Knight. 1981. Inhibition of murine plaque-forming cell responses in vivo by ribavirin. J. Immunol. 126:861-864.
    • (1981) J. Immunol. , vol.126 , pp. 861-864
    • Peavy, D.L.1    Powers, C.N.2    Knight, V.3
  • 41
    • 13444310882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribavirin resistance in hepatitis C virus replicon-containing cell lines conferred by changes in the cell line or mutations in the replicon RNA
    • Pfeiffer, J. K., and K. Kirkegaard. 2005. Ribavirin resistance in hepatitis C virus replicon-containing cell lines conferred by changes in the cell line or mutations in the replicon RNA. J. Virol. 79:2346-2355.
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 2346-2355
    • Pfeiffer, J.K.1    Kirkegaard, K.2
  • 42
    • 39349089594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid virologic response: a new milestone in the management of chronic hepatitis C
    • Poordad, F., K. R. Reddy, and P. Martin. 2008. Rapid virologic response: a new milestone in the management of chronic hepatitis C. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46:78-84.
    • (2008) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.46 , pp. 78-84
    • Poordad, F.1    Reddy, K.R.2    Martin, P.3
  • 43
    • 59149106172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What future for ribavirin?
    • Shiffman, M. L. 2009. What future for ribavirin? Liver Int. 29(Suppl. 1):68-73.
    • (2009) Liver Int , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 68-73
    • Shiffman, M.L.1
  • 44
    • 0034121721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of inosine 5 -monophosphate dehydrogenase and the design of novel inhibitors
    • Sintchak, M. D., and E. Nimmesgern. 2000. The structure of inosine 5 -monophosphate dehydrogenase and the design of novel inhibitors. Immunopharmacology 47:163-184.
    • (2000) Immunopharmacology , vol.47 , pp. 163-184
    • Sintchak, M.D.1    Nimmesgern, E.2
  • 45
    • 14944365541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene-expression profiling reveals down-regulation of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) in Ara-C-resistant CCRFCEM-derived cells
    • Takagaki, K., et al. 2004. Gene-expression profiling reveals down-regulation of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) in Ara-C-resistant CCRFCEM-derived cells. J. Biochem. 136:733-740.
    • (2004) J. Biochem. , vol.136 , pp. 733-740
    • Takagaki, K.1
  • 46
    • 0033024781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribavirin polarizes human T cell responses towards a Type 1 cytokine profile
    • Tam, R. C., et al. 1999. Ribavirin polarizes human T cell responses towards a Type 1 cytokine profile. J. Hepatol. 30:376-382.
    • (1999) J. Hepatol. , vol.30 , pp. 376-382
    • Tam, R.C.1
  • 47
    • 0842287376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic organization and functional characterization of the human concentrative nucleoside transporter-3 isoform (hCNT3) expressed in mammalian cells
    • Toan, S. V., et al. 2003. Genomic organization and functional characterization of the human concentrative nucleoside transporter-3 isoform (hCNT3) expressed in mammalian cells. Pflugers Arch. 447:195-204.
    • (2003) Pflugers Arch. , vol.447 , pp. 195-204
    • Toan, S.V.1
  • 48
    • 0042318456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutagenic and inhibitory effects of ribavirin on hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase
    • Vo, N. V., K. C. Young, and M. M. Lai. 2003. Mutagenic and inhibitory effects of ribavirin on hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase. Biochemistry 42:10462-10471.
    • (2003) Biochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 10462-10471
    • Vo, N.V.1    Young, K.C.2    Lai., M.M.3
  • 49
    • 22544470874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome
    • Wakita, T., et al. 2005. Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome. Nat. Med. 11:791-796.
    • (2005) Nat. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 791-796
    • Wakita, T.1
  • 50
    • 33846521154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral determinants of resistance to treatment in patients with hepatitis C
    • 51
    • Wohnsland, A., W. P. Hofmann, and C. Sarrazin. 2007. Viral determinants of resistance to treatment in patients with hepatitis C. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20:23-38.51.
    • (2007) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 23-38
    • Wohnsland, A.1    Hofmann, W.P.2    Sarrazin, C.3
  • 51
    • 33846373423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribavirin uptake by cultured human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing recombinant plasma membrane human nucleoside transporters
    • Yamamoto, T., et al. 2007. Ribavirin uptake by cultured human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing recombinant plasma membrane human nucleoside transporters. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 557: 1-8.
    • (2007) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.557 , pp. 1-8
    • Yamamoto, T.1
  • 52
    • 0030707865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and functional characterization of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) and NBMPR-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins (rENT1 and rENT2) from rat tissues
    • Yao, S. Y., et al. 1997. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) and NBMPR-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins (rENT1 and rENT2) from rat tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 272:28423-28430.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 28423-28430
    • Yao, S.Y.1
  • 53
    • 33947430594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nucleoside transporters in cancer chemotherapy with nucleoside drugs
    • Zhang, J., et al. 2007. The role of nucleoside transporters in cancer chemotherapy with nucleoside drugs. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 26:85-110.
    • (2007) Cancer Metastasis Rev. , vol.26 , pp. 85-110
    • Zhang, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.