Prevention and management of knee osteoarthritis and knee cartilage injury in sports

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 304-309

  Takeda, Hideki ^a,b   Nakagawa, Takumi ^b   Nakamura, Kozo ^b   Engebretsen, Lars ^a  

^a Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre OSTRC   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; CARTILAGE CELL; HUMAN; INJURY; KNEE INJURY; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SPORT INJURY; TRANSPLANTATION;

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ATHLETIC INJURIES; CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR; CHONDROCYTES; HUMANS; KNEE INJURIES; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 79960322714     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.082321     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Woolf AD, Pfleger B. Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. Bull WHO 2003;81:646-56. (Pubitemid 37254686)
2. Toivanen AT, Heliövaara M, Impivaara O, et al. Obesity, physically demanding work and traumatic knee injury are major risk factors for knee osteoarthritis - a population-based study with a follow-up of 22 years. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010;49:308-14.
3. Cooper C, Snow S, McAlindon TE, et al. Risk factors for the incidence and progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:995-1000. (Pubitemid 30368175)
4. Thelin N, Holmberg S, Thelin A. Knee injuries account for the sports-related increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006;16:329-33. (Pubitemid 44394048)
5. Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Dieppe PA, et al. Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 1: the disease and its risk factors. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:635-46.
6. Felson DT, Naimark A, Anderson J, et al. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly. The Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheum 1987;30:914-18. (Pubitemid 17140857)
7. Felson DT. An update on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am 2004;42:1-9; v. (Pubitemid 38283553)
8. Dillon CF, Rasch EK, Gu Q, et al. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the United States: arthritis data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1991-4. J Rheumatol 2006;33:2271-9. (Pubitemid 44749788)
9. Roos H, Lindberg H, Gärdsell P, et al. The prevalence of gonarthrosis and its relation to meniscectomy in former soccer players. Am J Sports Med 1994;22:219-22. (Pubitemid 24099339)
10. Kujala UM, Kettunen J, Paananen H, et al. Knee osteoarthritis in former runners, soccer players, weight lifters, and shooters. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:539-46.
11. Turner AP, Barlow JH, Heathcote-Elliott C. Long term health impact of playing professional football in the United Kingdom. Br J Sports Med 2000;34:332-6.
12. Drawer S, Fuller CW. Propensity for osteoarthritis and lower limb joint pain in retired professional soccer players. Br J Sports Med 2001;35:402-8. (Pubitemid 34025288)
13. Chakravarty EF, Hubert HB, Lingala VB, et al. Long distance running and knee osteoarthritis. A prospective study. Am J Prev Med 2008;35:133-8.
14. Kuettner KE, Goldberg VM. Introduction. In:Kuettner KE, Goldberg VM, eds. Osteoarthritis disorders. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthpaedic Surgeons, 1995:xxi-xxv.
15. Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1957;16:494-502.
16. Bedson J, Croft PR. The discordance between clinical and radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic search and summary of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008;9:116.
17. Rall KL, McElroy GL, Keats TE. A study of long term effects of football injury to the knee. Mo Med 1964;61:435-8.
18. Gelber AC, Hochberg MC, Mead LA, et al. Joint injury in young adults and risk for subsequent knee and hip osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:321-8.
19. Sutton AJ, Muir KR, Mockett S, et al. A case-control study to investigate the relation between low and moderate levels of physical activity and osteoarthritis of the knee using data collected as part of the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:756-64. (Pubitemid 32685876)
20. Brown TD, Anderson DD, Nepola JV, et al. Contact stress aberrations following imprecise reduction of simple tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Res 1988;6:851-62. (Pubitemid 18259479)
21. Huber-Betzer H, Brown TD, Mattheck C. Some effects of global joint morphology on local stress aberrations near imprecisely reduced intra-articular fractures. J Biomech 1990;23:811-22. (Pubitemid 20313455)
22. Englund M, Guermazi A, Roemer FW, et al. Meniscal tear in knees without surgery and the development of radiographic osteoarthritis among middle-aged and elderly persons: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:831-9.
23. Jørgensen U, Sonne-Holm S, Lauridsen F, et al. Long-term follow-up of meniscectomy in athletes. A prospective longitudinal study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1987;69:80-3. (Pubitemid 17098515)
24. Maletius W, Messner K. Chondral damage and age depress the long-term prognosis after partial meniscectomy. A 12-to 15-year follow-up study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1996;3:211-14.
25. Burks RT, Metcalf MH, Metcalf RW. Fifteen-year follow-up of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Arthroscopy 1997;13:673-9. (Pubitemid 28013545)
26. McNicholas MJ, Rowley Dl, McGurty D, et al. Total meniscectomy in adolescence. A thirty-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2000;82:217-21. (Pubitemid 30167077)
27. Chatain F, Robinson AH, Adeleine P, et al. The natural history of the knee following arthroscopic medial meniscectomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2001;9:15-18. (Pubitemid 33684583)
28. Bonneux I, Vandekerckhove B. Arthroscopic partial lateral meniscectomy longterm results in athletes. Acta Orthop Belg 2002;68:356-61.
29. Chatain F, Adeleine P, Chambat P, et al. A comparative study of medial versus lateral arthroscopic partial meniscectomy on sf knees: 10-year minimum follow-up. Arthroscopy 2003;19:842-9. (Pubitemid 37248823)
30. Englund M, Roos EM, Lohmander LS. Impact of type of meniscal tear on radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a sixteen-year followup of meniscectomy with matched controls. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:2178-87. (Pubitemid 36959198)
31. Englund M, Lohmander LS. Risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis fifteen to twenty-two years after meniscectomy. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:2811-19. (Pubitemid 39209518)
32. Englund M, Paradowski PT, Lohmander LS. Association of radiographic hand osteoarthritis with radiographic knee osteoarthritis after meniscectomy. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:469-75. (Pubitemid 38198831)
33. Aagaard H, Verdonk R. Function of the normal meniscus and consequences of meniscal resection. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1999;9:134-40.
34. Bolano LE, Grana WA. Isolated arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Functional radiographic evaluation at five years. Am J Sports Med 1993;21:432-7. (Pubitemid 23149741)
35. Hede A, Larsen E, Sandberg H. The long term outcome of open total and partial meniscectomy related to the quantity and site of the meniscus removed. Int Orthop 1992;16:122-5.
36. Stehling C, Lane NE, Nevitt MC, et al. Subjects with higher physical activity levels have more severe focal knee lesions diagnosed with 3T MRI: analysis of a non-symptomatic cohort of the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthr Cartil 2010;18:776-86.
37. Neyret P, Donell ST, Dejour H. Results of partial meniscectomy related to the state of the anterior cruciate ligament. Review at 20 to 35 years. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1993;75:36-40. (Pubitemid 23052412)
38. von Porat A, Roos EM, Roos H. High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:269-73. (Pubitemid 38250669)
39. Nebelung W, Wuschech H. Thirty-five years of follow-up of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees in high-level athletes. Arthroscopy 2005;21:696-702. (Pubitemid 40779826)
40. Ait Si Selmi T, Fithian D, Neyret P. The evolution of osteoarthritis in 103 patients with ACL reconstruction at 17 years follow-up. Knee 2006;13:353-8. (Pubitemid 44311487)
41. Oiestad BE, Holm I, Aune AK, et al. Knee function and prevalence of knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study with 10 to 15 years of follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2010;38:2201-10.
42. Gillquist J, Messner K. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and the longterm incidence of gonarthrosis. Sports Med 1999;27:143-56. (Pubitemid 29184727)
43. Oiestad BE, Engebretsen L, Storheim K, et al. Knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 2009;37:1434-43.
44. Spector TD, Harris PA, Hart DJ, et al. Risk of osteoarthritis associated with longterm weight-bearing sports: a radiologic survey of the hips and knees in female ex-athletes and population controls. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:988-95. (Pubitemid 26182067)
45. Sandmark H, Vingård E. Sports and risk for severe osteoarthrosis of the knee. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1999;9:279-84.
46. Roddy E, Zhang W, Doherty M, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for the role of exercise in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee - the MOVE consensus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44:67-73. (Pubitemid 40124334)
47. Deacon A, Bennell K, Kiss ZS, et al. Osteoarthritis of the knee in retired, elite Australian Rules footballers. Med J Aust 1997;166:187-90. (Pubitemid 27091207)
48. Buckwalter JA, Lane NE. Athletics and osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med 1997;25:873-81. (Pubitemid 27508428)
49. Buckwalter JA, Lane NE. Does participation in sports cause osteoarthritis? Iowa Orthop J 1997;17:80-9.
50. Arøen A, Løken S, Heir S, et al. Articular cartilage lesions in 993 consecutive knee arthroscopies. Am J Sports Med 2004;32:211-15. (Pubitemid 38141444)
51. Brittberg M, Lindahl A, Nilsson A, et al. Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation. N Engl J Med 1994;331:889-95. (Pubitemid 24299869)
52. Krishnan SP, Skinner JA, Carrington RW, et al. Collagen-covered autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: two to seven-year results. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006;88:203-5. (Pubitemid 43279931)
53. Bartlett W, Skinner JA, Gooding CR, et al. Autologous chondrocyte implantation versus matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondral defects of the knee: a prospective, randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005;87:640-5. (Pubitemid 40711636)
54. Nehrer S, Domayer S, Dorotka R, et al. Three-year clinical outcome after chondrocyte transplantation using a hyaluronan matrix for cartilage repair. Eur J Radiol 2006;57:3-8. (Pubitemid 43075403)
55. Behrens P, Bitter T, Kurz B, et al. Matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation/implantation (MACT/MACI)-5-year follow-up. Knee 2006;13:194-202. (Pubitemid 44096873)
56. Steinwachs M, Kreuz PC. Autologous chondrocyte implantation in chondral defects of the knee with a type l/lll collagen membrane: a prospective study with a 3-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 2007;23:381-7. (Pubitemid 46517987)
57. van den Berg WB, van der Kraan PM, Scharstuhl A, et al. Growth factors and cartilage repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001;(391 Suppl):S244-50. (Pubitemid 32954029)
58. Engebretsen L, Arendt E, Fritts HM. Osteochondral lesions and cruciate ligament injuries. MRI in 18 knees. Acta Orthop Scand 1993;64:434-6. (Pubitemid 23304183)
59. Wei X, Messner K. Maturation-dependent durability of spontaneous cartilage repair in rabbit knee joint. J Biomed Mater Res 1999;46:539-48.
60. Twyman RS, Desai K, Aichroth PM. Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. A long-term study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991;73:461-4.
61. Sharma L, Hurwitz DE, Thonar EJ, et al. Knee adduction moment, serum hyaluronan level, and disease severity in medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1233-40. (Pubitemid 28313426)
62. Honkonen SE. Degenerative arthritis after tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma 1995;9:273-7.
63. Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ. Articular cartilage: degeneration and osteoarthritis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation. Instr Course Lect 1998;47:487-504.
64. Knutsen G, Engebretsen L, Ludvigsen TC, et al. Autologous chondrocyte implantation compared with microfracture in the knee. A randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86-A:455-64. (Pubitemid 38269014)
65. Gudas R, Stankevicius E, Monastyreckiene E, et al. Osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee joint in athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2006;14:834-42. (Pubitemid 44598184)
66. Knutsen G, Drogset JO, Engebretsen L, et al. A randomized trial comparing autologous chondrocyte implantation with microfracture. Findings at five years. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007;89:2105-12. (Pubitemid 47606154)
67. Steadman JR, Briggs KK, Rodrigo JJ, et al. Outcomes of microfracture for traumatic chondral defects of the knee: average 11-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 2003;19:477-84. (Pubitemid 36560399)
68. Namdari S, Baldwin K, Anakwenze O, et al. Results and performance after microfracture in National Basketball Association athletes. Am J Sports Med 2009;37:943-8.
69. Riyami M, Rolf C. Evaluation of microfracture of traumatic chondral injuries to the knee in professional football and rugby players. J Orthop Surg Res 2009;4:13.
70. Gobbi A, Nunag P, Malinowski K. Treatment of full thickness chondral lesions of the knee with microfracture in a group of athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2005;13:213-21. (Pubitemid 40569105)
71. Peterson L, Minas T, Brittberg M, et al. Two-to 9-year outcome after autologous chondrocyte transplantation of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000;374:212-34. (Pubitemid 30263488)
72. Minas T. Autologous chondrocyte implantation for focal chondral defects of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001;(391 Suppl):S349-61. (Pubitemid 32954038)
73. Peterson L, Brittberg M, Kiviranta I, et al. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Biomechanics and long-term durability. Am J Sports Med 2002;30:2-12. (Pubitemid 34083708)
74. Bentley G, Biant LC, Carrington RW, et al. A prospective, randomised comparison of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus mosaicplasty for osteochondral defects in the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003;85:223-30. (Pubitemid 36410545)
75. Horas U, Pelinkovic D, Herr G, et al. Autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral cylinder transplantation in cartilage repair of the knee joint. A prospective, comparative trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85-A:185-92. (Pubitemid 36538777)
76. Dozin B, Malpeli M, Cancedda R, et al. Comparative evaluation of autologous chondrocyte implantation and mosaicplasty: a multicentered randomized clinical trial. Clin J Sport Med 2005;15:220-6.
77. Muellner T, Knopp A, Ludvigsen TC, et al. Failed autologous chondrocyte implantation. Complete atraumatic graft delamination after two years. Am J Sports Med 2001;29:516-19. (Pubitemid 32661372)
78. Saris DB, Vanlauwe J, Victor J, et al. Treatment of symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee: characterized chondrocyte implantation results in better clinical outcome at 36 months in a randomized trial compared to microfracture. Am J Sports Med 2009;37(Suppl 1):10-19S.
79. Kreuz PC, Steinwachs M, Erggelet C, et al. Importance of sports in cartilage regeneration after autologous chondrocyte implantation: a prospective study with a 3-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2007;35:1261-8. (Pubitemid 47084201)
80. Kreuz PC, Steinwachs MR, Erggelet C, et al. Results after microfracture of fullthickness chondral defects in different compartments in the knee. Osteoarthr Cartil 2006;14:1119-25. (Pubitemid 44490314)
81. Iwasa J, Engebretsen L, Shima Y, et al. Clinical application of scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009;17:561-77.
82. Bobic V. Arthroscopic osteochondral autograft transplantation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a preliminary clinical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1996;3:262-4.
83. Hangody L, Feczkó P, Bartha L, et al. Mosaicplasty for the treatment of articular defects of the knee and ankle. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001;(391 Suppl):S328-36. (Pubitemid 32954036)
84. Safran MR, Kim H, Zaffagnini S. The use of scaffolds in the management of articular cartilage injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008;16:306-11.
85. Williams RJ, Gamradt SC. Articular cartilage repair using a resorbable matrix scaffold. Instr Course Lect 2008;57:563-71.
86. Kerker JT, Leo AJ, Sgaglione NA. Cartilage repair: synthetics and scaffolds: basic science, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes. Sports Med Arthrosc 2008;16:208-16.
87. Koga H, Engebretsen L, Brinchmann JE, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for cartilage repair: a review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009;17:1289-97.
88. Moseley B. Arthroscopic surgery did not provide additional benefit to physical and medical therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:1281.
89. Lobenhoffer P, Agneskirchner JD. Improvements in surgical technique of valgus high tibial osteotomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2003;11:132-8. (Pubitemid 38249637)
90. Odenbring S, Tjörnstrand B, Egund N, et al. Function after tibial osteotomy for medial gonarthrosis below aged 50 years. Acta Orthop Scand 1989;60:527-31. (Pubitemid 20011023)
91. Salzmann GM, Ahrens P, Naal FD, et al. Sporting activity after high tibial osteotomy for the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med 2009;37:312-18.
92. Bradbury N, Borton D, Spoo G, et al. Participation in sports after total knee replacement. Am J Sports Med 1998;26:530-5. (Pubitemid 28346038)
93. Fisher N, Agarwal M, Reuben SF, et al. Sporting and physical activity following Oxford medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Knee 2006;13:296-300. (Pubitemid 43975387)
94. Naal FD, Fischer M, Preuss A, et al. Return to sports and recreational activity after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Am J Sports Med 2007;35:1688-95. (Pubitemid 47476057)
95. Hopper GP, Leach WJ. Participation in sporting activities following knee replacement: total versus unicompartmental. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2008;16:973-9.
96. Walton NP, Jahromi I, Lewis PL, et al. Patient-perceived outcomes and return to sport and work: TKA versus mini-incision unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. J Knee Surg 2006;19:112-16.
97. Hochberg M. Prevention of lower limb osteoarthritis: data from the Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. In:Hascall VC, Kuettner KE, eds. The many faces of osteoarthritis. Basel: Birkhauser, 2002:31-7.
98. Felson DT. Preventing knee and hip osteoarthritis. Bull Rheum Dis 1998;47:1-4. (Pubitemid 28562097)
99. Felson DT, Hannan MT, Naimark A, et al. Occupational physical demands, knee bending, and knee osteoarthritis: results from the Framingham Study. J Rheumatol 1991;18:1587-92.
100. Felson DT, Zhang Y, Anthony JM, et al. Weight loss reduces the risk for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:535-9.
101. Manninen P, Riihimäki H, Heliövaara M, et al. Overweight, gender and knee osteoarthritis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996;20:595-7. (Pubitemid 26174347)
102. Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthr Cartil 2008;16:137-62. (Pubitemid 351222155)
103. Olsen OE, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, et al. Exercises to prevent lower limb injuries in youth sports: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2005;330:449.
104. Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Braekken IH, et al. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball players: a prospective intervention study over three seasons. Clin J Sport Med 2003;13:71-8. (Pubitemid 36356498)
105. Soligard T, Myklebust G, Steffen K, et al. Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008;337:a2469.