Targeted magnetic hyperthermia

Therapeutic Delivery

Volumn 2, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 815-838

  Stone, Roland ^a   Willi, Thomas ^a   Rosen, Yitzhak ^b   Mefford, Olin Thompson ^a   Alexis, Frank ^a  

^a Clemson University   (United States)

^b Superior NanoBioSystems LLC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBOPLATIN; DOXORUBICIN; FERUCARBOTRAN; GAMITRINIB; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 INHIBITOR; IRON OXIDE; MACROGOL; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE; MAGNETITE; METAL OXIDE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AGENT; PHOTOFRIN; POLOXAMER; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE; TANESPIMYCIN; ULTRASMALL SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

APOPTOSIS; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARCINOGENESIS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG TARGETING; ENDOCYTOSIS; GLIOBLASTOMA; HEAT TOLERANCE; HEAT TREATMENT; HUMAN; HYPERTHERMIC THERAPY; INTERNALIZATION; LD 50; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETISM; MATERIAL COATING; MOLECULAR STABILITY; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OVERALL SURVIVAL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARTICLE SIZE; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE TUMOR; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; RECTUM CARCINOMA; REVIEW; SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA; SOLID TUMOR; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; SURFACE CHARGE; TARGETED MAGNETIC HYPERTHEMIA; TUMOR ABLATION; TUMOR VOLUME; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER;

EID: 79960263958     PISSN: 20415990     EISSN: 20416008     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.48     Document Type: Review

References (198)

1. Gilchrist RK, Medal R, Shorey WD, Parrott JC, Taylor CB. Selective inductive heating of lymph nodes. Ann. Surg. 146, 596-606 (1957)
2. Pankhurst QA, Connolly J, Jones SK, Dobson J. Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J. Physics D Appl. Phys. 36, R167-R181 (2003)
3. Muthana M, Multhoff G, Graham Pockley A. Tumour infiltrating host cells and their significance for hyperthermia. Int. J. Hyperthermia 26(3), 247-255 (2010)
4. Le Renard P-E, Jordan O, Faes A et al. The in vivo performance of magnetic particle-loaded injectable, in situ gelling, carriers for the delivery of local hyperthermia. Biomaterials 31(4), 691-705 (2010)
5. Latorre-Esteves M, Cortés A, Torres-Lugo M, Rinaldi C. Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl dextran-coated Mn/Zn ferrite for biomedical applications. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 321(19), 3061-3066 (2009)
6. Aronov O, Horowitz AT, Gabizon A, Gibson D. Folate-targeted PEG as a potential carrier for carboplatin analogs. Synthesis and in vitro studies. Bioconjug. Chem. 14, 563-574 (2003) (Pubitemid 36597366)
7. Yan Q, Purkayastha A, Kim T, Kröger R, Bose A, Ramanath G. Synthesis and assembly of monodisperse high-coercivity silica-capped FePt nanomagnets of tunable size, composition, and thermal stability from microemulsions. Adv. Mat. 18(19), 2569-2573 (2006) (Pubitemid 44563476)
8. Chen M, Liu J, Sun S. One-step synthesis of FePt nanoparticles with tunable size. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126(27), 8394-8395 (2004) (Pubitemid 38917959)
9. Sun S, Anders S, Thomson T et al. Controlled synthesis and assembly of FePt nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 107(23), 5419-5425 (2003)
10. Kim J, Rong C, Liu J, Sun S. Dispersible ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles. Adv. Mat. 21(8), 906-909 (2009)
11. Hou Y, Kondoh H, Kogure T, Ohta T. Preparation and characterization of monodisperse FePd nanoparticles. Chem. Mater. 16(24), 5149-5152 (2004)
12. Tzitzios V, Niarchos D, Margariti G, Fidler J, Petridis D. Synthesis of CoPt nanoparticles by a modified polyol method: characterization and magnetic properties. Nanotechnology 16, 287 (2005)
13. Chinnasamy C, Jeyadevan B, Shinoda K, Tohji K. Polyol-process-derived CoPt nanoparticles: structural and magnetic properties. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 7583 (2003)
14. Ghosh M, Sampathkumaran E, Rao C. Synthesis and magnetic properties of CoO nanoparticles. Chem. Mater. 17(9), 2348-2352 (2005) (Pubitemid 40671949)
15. Oh J, Park J. Iron oxide-based superparamagnetic polymeric nanomaterials: design, preparation, and biomedical application. Prog. Polym. Sci. (2011) (Epub ahead of print)
16. Ghosh M, Biswas K, Sundaresan A, Rao C. MnO and NiO nanoparticles: synthesis and magnetic properties. J. Mater. Chem. 16(1), 106-111 (2006) (Pubitemid 43324491)
17. Weissleder R, Stark D, Engelstad B et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide: pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Am. J. Roentgenol. 152(1), 167 (1989)
18. Sun S, Zeng H. Size-controlled synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(28), 8204-8205 (2002) (Pubitemid 34875378)
19. Hyeon T, Lee S, Park J, Chung Y, Na H. Synthesis of highly crystalline and monodisperse maghemite nanocrystallites without a size-selection process. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123(51), 12798-12801 (2001) (Pubitemid 34015142)
20. Babes L, Denizot B, Tanguy G, Le Jeune J, Jallet P. Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles used as MRI contrast agents: a parametric study 1. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 212(2), 474-482 (1999) (Pubitemid 29394676)
21. Bulte J, Kraitchman D. Iron oxide MR contrast agents for molecular and cellular imaging. NMR Biomed. 17(7), 484-499 (2004) (Pubitemid 39549426)
22. Kuhara M, Takeyama H, Tanaka T, Matsunaga T. Magnetic cell separation using antibody binding with protein A expressed on bacterial magnetic particles. Anal. Chem. 76(21), 6207-6213 (2004) (Pubitemid 39461996)
23. McCloskey K, Chalmers J, Zborowski M. Magnetic cell separation: characterization of magnetophoretic mobility. Anal. Chem. 75(24), 6868-6874 (2003) (Pubitemid 37523586)
24. Ito A, Shinkai M, Honda H, Kobayashi T. Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 100(1), 1-11 (2005) (Pubitemid 41573511)
25. Foy S, Manthe R, Foy S, Dimitrijevic S, Krishnamurthy N, Labhasetwar V. Optical imaging and magnetic field targeting of magnetic nanoparticles in tumors. ACS Nano. 4(9), 5217-5224 (2010)
26. Pankhurst Q, Connolly J, Jones S, Dobson J. Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 36, R167 (2003)
27. Habib AH, Ondeck CL, Chaudhary P, Bockstaller MR, McHenry ME. Evaluation of iron-cobalt/ferrite core-shell nanoparticles for cancer thermotherapy. J. Appl. Phys. 103(7), 07A307 (2008)
28. Lu J, Ma S, Sun J et al. Manganese ferrite nanoparticle micellar nanocomposites as MRI contrast agent for liver imaging. Biomaterials 30(15), 2919-2928 (2009)
29. Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Siddiqui MA et al. Oxidative stress mediated apoptosis induced by nickel ferrite nanoparticles in cultured A549 cells. Toxicology 283(2-3), 101-108 (2011)
30. Pradhan P, Giri J, Samanta G et al. Comparative evaluation of heating ability and biocompatibility of different ferrite-based magnetic fluids for hyperthermia application. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. Part B Appl. Biomat. 81B(1), 12-22 (2007) (Pubitemid 46493610)
31. Buckley PR, Mckinley GH, Wilson TS et al. Inductively heated shape memory polymer for the magnetic actuation of medical devices. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 53(10), 2075-2083 (2006)
32. Mandal M, Kundu S, Ghosh S et al. Magnetite nanoparticles with tunable gold or silver shell. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 286(1), 187-194 (2005) (Pubitemid 40569361)
33. Neouze M, Schubert U. Surface modification and functionalization of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by organic ligands. Monatshefte fr Chemie 139(3), 183-195 (2008)
34. Dulkeith E, Ringler M, Klar T, Feldmann J. Gold nanoparticles quench fluorescence by phase induced radiative rate suppression. Nano Lett. 5(4), 585-589 (2005)
35. Jain PK, El-Sayed IH, El-Sayed MA. Au nanoparticles target cancer. Nanotoday 2(1), 18-29 (2007) (Pubitemid 46196541)
36. Wang L, Park H, Lim S et al. Core shell nanomaterials: gold-coated magnetic oxide nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. 18(23), 2629-2635 (2008)
37. Salgueirino-Maceira V, Correa-Duarte M, Farle M, Lopez-Quintela A, Sieradzki K, Diaz R. Bifunctional gold-coated magnetic silica spheres. Chem. Mater. 18(11), 2701-2706 (2006) (Pubitemid 43864979)
38. Sperling RA, Rivera Gil P, Zhang F, Zanella M, Parak WJ. Biological applications of gold nanoparticles. Chem. Soc. Rev. 37(9), 1896 (2008)
39. 4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Biomaterials 26(7), 729-738 (2005) (Pubitemid 39185876)
40. 4 nanoparticle dispersions. Adv. Funct. Mat. 16(1), 71-75 (2006) (Pubitemid 43076315)
41. Goff J, Huffstetler P, Miles W et al. Novel Phosphonate-functional poly (ethylene oxide)-magnetite nanoparticles form stable colloidal dispersions in phosphate-buffered saline. Chem. Mat. 21, 4784-4795 (2009)
42. Mefford O, Vadala M, Goff J et al. Stability of polydimethylsiloxane- magnetite nanoparticle dispersions against flocculation: interparticle interactions of polydisperse materials. Langmuir 24(9), 5060-5069 (2008) (Pubitemid 351725198)
43. Harris L, Goff J, Carmichael A et al. Magnetite nanoparticle dispersions stabilized with triblock copolymers. Chem. Mater. 15(6), 1367-1377 (2003)
44. Latham A, Williams M. Versatile routes toward functional, water-soluble nanoparticles via trifluoroethylester - PEG - thiol ligands. Langmuir 22(9), 4319-4326 (2006)
45. 4, SiO2 nanoparticles via bioinspired silification for magnetic resonance imaging. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(5), 722-731 (2010)
46. Liu X, Guan Y, Ma Z, Liu H. Surface modification and characterization of magnetic polymer nanospheres prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. Langmuir 20(23), 10278-10282 (2004)
47. Chen S, Li Y, Guo C et al. Temperature-responsive magnetite/PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer nanoparticles for controlled drug-targeting delivery. Langmuir 23(25), 12669-12676 (2007) (Pubitemid 350275586)
48. Chiappetta D, Sosnik A. Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide) block copolymer micelles as drug-delivery agents: improved hydrosolubility, stability and bioavailability of drugs. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 66(3), 303-317 (2007) (Pubitemid 46756232)
49. 4 magnetic composite microspheres covered by a P (MAH-co-MAA) copolymer. J. Nanoparticle Res.11(2), 449-458 (2009)
50. Gelbrich T, Feyen M, Schmidt AM. Magnetic thermoresponsive core-shell nanoparticles. Macromolecules 39(9), 3469-3472 (2006) (Pubitemid 43798094)
51. Vadala M, Thompson M, Ashworth M et al. Heterobifunctional poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers containing carboxylic acids. Biomacromolecules 9(3), 1035-1043 (2008) (Pubitemid 351560499)
52. Lin H, Watanabe Y, Kimura M, Hanabusa K, Shirai H. Preparation of magnetic poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA) materials by in situ synthesis of magnetite in a PVA matrix. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 87(8), 1239-1247 (2003) (Pubitemid 36066425)
53. Aslam M, Schultz E, Sun T, Meade T, Dravid V. Synthesis of amine-stabilized aqueous colloidal iron oxide nanoparticles. Cryst. Growth Des. 7(3), 471-475 (2007)
54. Sahoo Y, Pizem H, Fried T et al. Alkyl phosphonate/phosphate coating on magnetite nanoparticles: a comparison with fatty acids. Langmuir 17(25), 7907-7911 (2001) (Pubitemid 35330963)
55. Grttner C, Mller K, Teller J, Westphal F, Foreman A, Ivkov R. Synthesis and antibody conjugation of magnetic nanoparticles with improved specific power absorption rates for alternating magnetic field cancer therapy. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 311(1), 181-186 (2007) (Pubitemid 46401005)
56. Huang P, Wang M, Chiu C. Soil mineral-organic matter-microbe interactions: Impacts on biogeochemical processes and biodiversity in soils. Pedobiologia 49(6), 609-635 (2005) (Pubitemid 41618345)
57. McCash E. Surface Chemistry. Oxford University Press, UK (2001)
58. Amstad E, Gillich T, Bilecka I, Textor M, Reimhult E. Ultrastable iron oxide nanoparticle colloidal suspensions using dispersants with catechol-derived anchor groups. Nano Lett. 9(12), 4042-4048 (2009)
59. Qu H, Caruntu D, Liu H, O'Connor CJ. Water-dispersible iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with versatile surface functionalities. Langmuir 27(6), 2271-2278 (2011)
60. 4 and γFe2O3 nanoparticles as potential MRI contrast agents. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 341(2), 248-254 (2010)
61. Gu H, Xu K, Yang Z, Chang C, Xu B. Synthesis and cellular uptake of porphyrin decorated iron oxide nanoparticles - a potential candidate for bimodal anticancer therapy. Chem. Commun. 2005(34), 4270-4272 (2005) (Pubitemid 41345332)
62. Amstad E, Zurcher S, Mashaghi A, Wong JY, Textor M, Reimhult E. Surface Functionalization of single superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted magnetic resonance imaging. Small 5(11), 1334-1342 (2009)
63. Cammas S, Nagasaki Y, Kataoka K. Heterobifunctional poly(ethylene oxide): synthesis of α-methoxy-ω-amino and α-hydroxy-ω-amino PEOs with the same molecular weights. Bioconjug. Chem. 6(2), 226-230 (1995)
64. Yang B, Guo C, Chen S et al. Effect of acid on the aggregation of poly(ethylene oxide)- poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers. J. Phys. Chem. B 110(46), 23068-23074 (2006) (Pubitemid 46063825)
65. Gil E, Hudson S. Stimuli-reponsive polymers and their bioconjugates. Prog. Polym. Sci. 29(12), 1173-1222 (2004)
66. Meyer D, Shin B, Kong G, Dewhirst M, Chilkoti A. Drug targeting using thermally responsive polymers and local hyperthermia. J. Control. Release 74(1-3), 213-224 (2001) (Pubitemid 32727623)
67. Ditsch A, Laibinis P, Wang D, Hatton T. Controlled clustering and enhanced stability of polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Langmuir 21(13), 6006-6018 (2005) (Pubitemid 40925852)
68. Mornet S, Vasseur S, Grasset F et al. Magnetic nanoparticle design for medical applications. Prog. Solid State Chem. 34(2-4), 237-247 (2006) (Pubitemid 43849903)
69. Tong S, Hou S, Zheng Z, Zhou J, Bao G. Coating optimization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for high T2 relaxivity. Nano Lett. 10(11), 4607-4613 (2010)
70. Kim T, Lee K, Gong M, Joo S. Control of gold nanoparticle aggregates by manipulation of interparticle interaction. Langmuir 21(21), 9524-9528 (2005) (Pubitemid 41507002)
71. Viudez AJ, Maduen̄o R, Pineda T, Blázquez M. Stabilization of gold nanoparticles by 6-mercaptopurine monolayers. Effects of the solvent properties. J. Phys. Chem. B 110(36), 17840-17847 (2006) (Pubitemid 44555455)
72. Wiogo HTR, Lim M, Bulmus V, Yun J, Amal R. Stabilization of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in biological media by fetal bovine serum (FBS). Langmuir 27(2), 843-850 (2011)
73. 4 nanoparticles: the influence of particle size on energy absorption. IEEE Transact. Magnetics 44(11), 4444-4447 (2008)
74. Kallumadil M, Tada M, Nakagawa T, Abe M, Southern P, Pankhurst Q. Suitability of commercial colloids for magnetic hyperthermia. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 321(10), 1509-1513 (2009)
75. Dennis C, Jackson A, Borchers J et al. The influence of collective behavior on the magnetic and heating properties of iron oxide nanoparticles. J. Appl. Phys. 103(7), 07A319 (2009)
76. Eggeman A, Majetich S, Farrell D, Pankhurst Q. Size and concentration effects on high frequency hysteresis of iron oxide nanoparticles. IEEE Trans. Magn. 43(6), 2451-2453 (2007) (Pubitemid 46793705)
77. Rosensweig R. Heating magnetic fluid with alternating magnetic field. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 252, 370-374 (2002)
78. Gonzales-Weimuller M, Zeisberger M, Krishnan K. Size-dependant heating rates of iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 321(13), 1947-1950 (2009)
79. Mornet S, Vasseur S, Grasset F, Duguet E. Magnetic nanoparticle design for medical diagnosis and therapy. J. Mater. Chem. 14(14), 2161-2175 (2004)
80. Tabatabaei S, Martel S. Hyperthermia via AC electromagnetic filed and magnetic nanoparticles integrated in micro-carriers navigable in blood vessels. Presented at: 31 Conférence Canadiennes de Génie Biomédical (CCGB31). Québec, Canada, 11-13 June 2008
81. 4 particles in AC magnetic field. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 268(1-2), 33-39 (2004)
82. Ivkov R, DeNardo S, Daum W et al. Application of high amplitude alternating magnetic fields for heat induction of nanoparticles localized in cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.11(19), 7093s (2005)
83. Zhang L, Gu H, Wang X. Magnetite ferrofluid with high specific absorption rate for application in hyperthermia. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 311(1), 228-233 (2007) (Pubitemid 46420485)
84. Jordan A, Wust P, Fhling H, John W, Hinz A, Felix R. Inductive heating of ferrimagnetic particles and magnetic fluids: physical evaluation of their potential for hyperthermia. Int. J. Hyperthermia 25(7), 499-511 (2009)
85. 4 nanoparticles as heating agents for magnetically activated drug delivery and hyperthermia. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 320(19), 2390-2396 (2008)
86. Johannsen M, Gneveckow U, Eckelt L et al. Clinical hyperthermia of prostate cancer using magnetic nanoparticles: presentation of a new interstitial technique. Int. J. Hyperthermia 21(7), 637-647 (2005) (Pubitemid 41684238)
87. Henle K. Time-temperature relationships for heat-induced killing of mammalian cells. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 335, 234-253 (1980)
88. Henle KJ, Karamuz JE, Leeper DB. Induction of thermotolerance in chinese hamster ovary cells by high (45°) or low (40°) hyperthermia. Cancer Res. 38(3), 570-574 (1978) (Pubitemid 8311396)
89. Kamura T, Nielsen OS, Overgaard J, Andersen AH. Development of thermotolerance during fractionated hyperthermia in a solid tumor in vivo. Cancer Res. 42(5), 1744-1748 (1982) (Pubitemid 12103368)
90. Roti Roti JL. Cellular responses to hyperthermia (40-46°C): cell killing and molecular events. Int. J. Hyperthermia, 24(1), 3-15 (2008)
91. Harmon B, Takano Y. The role of apoptosis in the response of cells and tumours to mild hyperthermia. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 59(2), 489-501 (1991)
92. Sekhar KR, Sonar VN, Muthusamy V et al. Novel chemical enhancers of heat shock increase thermal radiosensitization through a mitotic catastrophe pathway. Cancer Res. 67(2), 695-701 (2007) (Pubitemid 46192209)
93. Katschinski DM. Pivotal role of reactive oxygen species as intracellular mediators of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 275(28), 21094-21098 (2000) (Pubitemid 30481801)
94. Razavi R, Harrison LE. Thermal sensitization using induced oxidative stress decreases tumor growth in an in vivo model of hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 17(1), 304-311 (2009)
95. Dewey W, Westra A, Miller H, Nagasawa H. Heat-induced lethality and chromosomal damage in synchronized chinese hamster cells treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. Relat. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med. 20(6), 505 (1971)
96. Jego GT, Hazoumé A, Seigneuric R, Garrido C. Targeting heat shock proteins in cancer. Cancer Lett. (2010) (Epub ahead of print)
97. Jozwiak Z. Involvemen of heat shock proteins and cellular membranes in the development of thermotolerance. Archivum Immunologiae Therapiae Experimentalis 42(4), 247-252 (1994)
98. Schmitt E, Gehrmann M, Brunet M, Multhoff G, Garrido C. Intracellular and extracellular functions of heat shock proteins: repercussions in cancer therapy. J. Leukoc. Biol. 81(1), 15-27 (2006)
99. Janetzki S, Palla D, Rosenhauer V. Immunization of cancer patients with autologous cancer-derived heat shock protein gp96 preparations: a pilot study. Int. J. Cancer 88(2), 232-238 (2000)
100. Mayer MP, Bukau B. Hsp70 chaperones: Cellular functions and molecular mechanism. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 62(6), 670-684 (2005)
101. Sharma N, Jaffari GH, Shah SI, Pochan DJ. Orientation-dependent magnetic behavior in aligned nanoparticle arrays constructed by coaxial electrospinning. Nanotechnology 21, 085707 (2010)
102. Richardson PG, Mitsiades CS, Laubach JP, Lonial S, Chanan-Khan AA, Anderson KC. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myeloma and other cancers. Br. J. Haematol. 152(4), 367-379 (2011)
103. Kang BH, Tavecchio M, Goel HL et al. Targeted inhibition of mitochondrial Hsp90 suppresses localised and metastatic prostate cancer growth in a genetic mouse model of disease. Br. J. Cancer 104(4), 629-634 (2011)
104. Ferrario A, Gomer CJ. Targeting the 90 kDa heat shock protein improves photodynamic therapy. Cancer Lett. 289(2), 188-194 (2010)
105. Goldberg S, Gazelle G, Mueller P. Thermal ablation therapy for focal malignancy: A unified approach to underlying principles, techniques, and diagnostic imaging guidance. Am. J. Roentgenol. 174(2), 323-331 (2000) (Pubitemid 30067129)
106. Crocetti L. Thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Imag. 8(1), 19-26 (2008) (Pubitemid 351517297)
107. Zhao Z, Wu F. Minimally-invasive thermal ablation of early-stage breast cancer: a systemic review. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 36(12), 1149-1155 (2010)
108. Hilger I, Hiergeist R, Hergt R et al. Thermal Ablation Of Tumors Using Magnetic Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Feasibility Study. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Hagerstown, MD, Etats-Unis, USA (2002)
109. Bruners P, Hodenius M, Baumann M et al. Magnetic thermal ablation using ferrofluids: influence of administration mode on biological effect in different porcine tissues. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 31(6), 1193-1199 (2008)
110. Huang J, Bu L, Xie J et al. Effects of nanoparticle size on cellular uptake and liver mri with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 4(12), 7151-7160 (2010)
111. Kalambur VS, Longmire EK, Bischof JC. Cellular level loading and heating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Langmuir 23(24), 12329-12336 (2007) (Pubitemid 350197410)
112. Wilhelm C, Billotey C, Roger J, Pons JN, Bacri JC, Gazeau F. Intracellular uptake of anionic superparamagnetic nanoparticles as a function of their surface coating. Biomaterials 24(6), 1001-1011 (2003) (Pubitemid 36024170)
113. Prijic S, Scancar J, Romih R et al. Increased cellular uptake of biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into malignant cells by an external magnetic field. J. Membr. Biol. 236(1), 167-179 (2010)
114. Maeda H, Wu J, Sawa T, Matsumura Y, Hori K. Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review. J. Control. Release 65, 271-284 (2000) (Pubitemid 30122932)
115. Hobbs SK, Monsky WL, Yuan F et al. Regulation of transport pathways in tumor vessels: role of tumor type and microenvironment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95(8), 4607-4612 (1998) (Pubitemid 28207960)
116. Kong G, Braun RD, Dewhirst MW. Hyperthermia enables tumor-specific nanoparticle delivery: effect of particle size. Cancer Res. 60(16), 4440-4445 (2000) (Pubitemid 32103623)
117. Lefor TA, Makohon S, Ackerman BN. The Effects of Hyperthermia on Vascular Permeability in Experimental Liver Metastasis. Wiley-Liss, New York, NY, USA (1985)
118. Glass J, Dewitt R, Cress A. Rapid loss of stress fibers in chinese-hamster ovary cells after hyperthermia. Cancer Res. 45(1), 258-262 (1985) (Pubitemid 15196965)
119. Song CW, Park HJ, Lee CK, Griffin R. Implications of increased tumor blood flow and oxygenation caused by mild temperature hyperthermia in tumor treatment. Int. J. Hyperthermia 21(8), 761-767 (2005) (Pubitemid 41807103)
120. Kong G, Braun RD, Dewhirst MW. Characterization of the effect of hyperthermia on nanoparticle extravasation from tumor vasculature. Cancer Res. 61(7), 3027-3032 (2001) (Pubitemid 32691950)
121. Zeng Q, Baker I, Loudis JA, Liao Y, Hoopes PJ, Weaver JB. Fe-Fe oxide nanocomposite particles with large specific absorption rate for hyperthermia. Appl. Phys. Lett.90(23), 233112 (2007)
122. Zhang G, Liao Y, Baker I. Surface engineering of core/shell iron/iron oxide nanoparticles from microemulsions for hyperthermia. Mat. Sci. Eng. C 30(1), 92-97 (2010)
123. Bourrinet P, Bengele HH, Bonnemain B et al. Preclinical safety and pharmacokinetic profile of ferumoxtran-10, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic resonance contrast agent. Invest. Radiol. 41(3) (2006)
124. Gupta AK, Wells S. Surface-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery: preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies. IEEE Transact. NanoBioscience 3(1), 66-73 (2004)
125. Zhang Y, Kohler N, Zhang M. Surface modification of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and their intracellular uptake. Biomaterials 23(7), 1553-1561 (2002) (Pubitemid 34158578)
126. Maxwell DJ, Bonde J, Hess DA et al. Fluorophore-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticle labeling and analysis of engrafting human hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells 26(2), 517-524 (2008) (Pubitemid 351413612)
127. Berry CC, Wells S, Charles S, Curtis ASG. Dextran and albumin derivatised iron oxide nanoparticles: influence on fibroblasts in vitro. Biomaterials 24(25), 4551-4557 (2003) (Pubitemid 37013615)
128. Sahoo Y, Pizem H, Fried T et al. Alkyl phosphonate/phosphate coating on magnetite nanoparticles: a comparison with fatty acids. Langmuir 17(25), 7907-7911 (2001) (Pubitemid 35330963)
129. Shan G, Xing J, Luo M, Liu H, Chen J. Immobilization of Pseudomonas delafeldii with magnetic polyvinyl alcohol beads and its application in biodesulfurization. Biotechnol. Lett. 25(23), 1977-1981 (2003) (Pubitemid 37502438)
130. Lewin M, Carlesso N, Tung C-H et al. Tat peptide-derivatized magnetic nanoparticles allow in vivo tracking and recovery of progenitor cells. Nat. Biotech. 18(4), 410-414 (2000) (Pubitemid 30217528)
131. Denizot B, Tanguy G, Hindre F, Rump E, Jacques Le Jeune J, Jallet P. Phosphorylcholine coating of iron oxide nanoparticles. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 209(1), 66-71 (1999) (Pubitemid 29397676)
132. Pisanic Ii TR, Blackwell JD, Shubayev VI, Fin̄ones RR, Jin S. Nanotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticle internalization in growing neurons. Biomaterials 28(16), 2572-2581 (2007) (Pubitemid 46367215)
133. Lee S-J, Jeong J-R, Shin S-C et al. Magnetic enhancement of iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated with poly(d,l-latide-co-glycolide). Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 255(1-3), 19-25 (2005) (Pubitemid 40249911)
134. Hafelli UO, Riffle JS, Harris-Shekhawat L et al. Cell uptake and in vitro toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles suitable for drug delivery. Mol. Pharm. 1417-1428 (2009)
135. Prashant C, Dipak M, Yang C-T, Chuang K-H, Jun D, Feng S-S. Superparamagnetic iron oxide-loaded poly (lactic acid)-d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate copolymer nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent. Biomaterials 31(21), 5588-5597 (2010)
136. Apopa PL, Qian Y, Shao R et al. Iron oxide nanoparticles induce human microvascular endothelial cell permeability through reactive oxygen species production and microtubule remodeling. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 6, 1 (2009)
137. McCord JM. Effects of positive iron status at a cellular level. Nutr. Rev. 54(3), 85-88 (1996) (Pubitemid 26176136)
138. Weissleder R, Stark DD, Engelstad BL et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide: pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Am. J. Roentgenol. 152(1), 167-173 (1989) (Pubitemid 19024086)
139. Jain TK, Reddy MK, Morales MA, Leslie-Pelecky DL, Labhasetwar V. Biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in rats. Mol. Pharm. 5(2), 316-327 (2008) (Pubitemid 351579134)
140. Jain TK, Morales MA, Sahoo SK, Leslie-Pelecky DL, Labhasetwar V. Iron oxide nanoparticles for sustained delivery of anticancer agents. Mol. Pharm. 2(3), 194-205 (2005) (Pubitemid 40917416)
141. Moroz P, Jones SK, Winter J, Gray BN. Targeting liver tumors with hyperthermia: Ferromagnetic embolization in a rabbit liver tumor model. J. Surg. Oncol. 78(1), 22-29 (2001)
142. Jain RK. Transport of molecules, particles, and cells in solid tumors. Ann. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 1(1), 241-263 (1999) (Pubitemid 129740012)
143. Natarajan A, Gruettner C, Ivkov R et al. NanoFerrite particle based radioimmunonanoparticles: binding affinity and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Bioconjug. Chem. 19(6), 1211-1218 (2008) (Pubitemid 351874943)
144. Daxiang Cui YH, Zhiming Li, Hua Song et al. Fluorescent magnetic nanoprobes for in vivo targeted imaging and hyperthermia therapy of prostate cancer. Nano Biomed. Eng. 1(1), 61-74 (2009)
145. Weissleder R, Lee AS, Khaw BA, Shen T, Brady TJ. Antimyosin-labeled monocrystalline iron oxide allows detection of myocardial infarct: MR antibody imaging. Radiology 182(2), 381-385 (1992)
146. Fortin-Ripoche J-P, Martina MS, Gazeau F et al. Magnetic targeting of magnetoliposomes to solid tumors with MR imaging monitoring in mice: feasibility 1. Radiology 239(2), 415-424 (2006)
147. Alexiou C, Jurgons R, Schmid RJ et al. Magnetic drug targeting - biodistribution of the magnetic carrier and the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone after locoregional cancer treatment. J. Drug Target. 11(3), 139-149 (2003) (Pubitemid 37236327)
148. Alexiou C, Arnold W, Klein RJ et al. Locoregional cancer treatment with magnetic drug targeting. Cancer Res. 60(23), 6641-6648 (2000)
149. Nobuto H, Sugita T, Kubo T et al. Evaluation of systemic chemotherapy with magnetic liposomal doxorubicin and a dipole external electromagnet. Int. J. Cancer 109(4), 627-635 (2004) (Pubitemid 38339655)
150. Qian ZM, Li H, Sun H, Ho K. Targeted drug delivery via the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Pharmacol. Rev. 54(4), 561-587 (2002) (Pubitemid 35351196)
151. Daniels TR, Delgado T, Helguera G, Penichet ML. The transferrin receptor part II: Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents into cancer cells. Clin. Immunol. 121(2), 159-176 (2006) (Pubitemid 44572972)
152. Brooks H, Lebleu B, Vivès E. Tat peptide-mediated cellular delivery: back to basics. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 57(4), 559-577 (2005) (Pubitemid 40255561)
153. de la Fuente JM, Berry CC. Tat peptide as an efficient molecule to translocate gold nanoparticles into the cell nucleus. Bioconjug. Chem. 16(5), 1176-1180 (2005) (Pubitemid 41368118)
154. Hersel U, Dahmen C, Kessler H. RGD modified polymers: biomaterials for stimulated cell adhesion and beyond. Biomaterials 24(24), 4385-4415 (2003) (Pubitemid 36960136)
155. Montet X, Funovics M, Montet-Abou K, Weissleder R, Josephson L. Multivalent effects of rgd peptides obtained by nanoparticle display. J. Med. Chem. 49(20), 6087-6093 (2006) (Pubitemid 44484952)
156. Wang AZ, Bagalkot V, Vasilliou CC et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle- aptamer bioconjugates for combined prostate cancer imaging and therapy. ChemMedChem 3(9), 1311-1315 (2008)
157. Yigit MV, Mazumdar D, Lu Y. MRI detection of thrombin with aptamer functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Bioconjug. Chem. 19(2), 412-417 (2008) (Pubitemid 351294911)
158. Sega E, Low P. Tumor detection using folate receptor-targeted imaging agents. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 27(4), 655-664 (2008)
159. Lin J-J, Chen J-S, Huang S-J et al. Folic acid-pluronic F127 magnetic nanoparticle clusters for combined targeting, diagnosis, and therapy applications. Biomaterials 30(28), 5114-5124 (2009)
160. Sun C, Veiseh O, Gunn J et al. In vivo MRI detection of gliomas by chlorotoxin-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoprobes. Small 4(3), 372-379 (2008) (Pubitemid 351421268)
161. Veiseh O, Kievit FM, Fang C et al. Chlorotoxin bound magnetic nanovector tailored for cancer cell targeting, imaging, and siRNA delivery. Biomaterials 31(31), 8032-8042 (2010)
162. Gonzales M, Krishnan KM. Synthesis of magnetoliposomes with monodisperse iron oxide nanocrystal cores for hyperthermia. J. Magnetism Magnetic Mat. 293(1), 265-270 (2005) (Pubitemid 40608936)
163. Taylor A, Krupskaya Y, Krmer K et al. Cisplatin-loaded carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles and their in vitro effects in magnetic fluid hyperthermia. Carbon 48(8), 2327-2334 (2010)
164. Kim JH, Hahn EW, Tokita N, Nisce LZ. Local tumor hyperthermia in combination with radiation therapy. 1. Malignant cutaneous lesions. Cancer 40(1), 161-169 (1977) (Pubitemid 8160518)
165. Maluta S, Romano M, Dalloglio S et al. Regional hyperthermia added to intensified preoperative chemo-radiation in locally advanced adenocarcinoma of middle and lower rectum. Int. J. Hyperthermia 26(2), 108-117 (2010)
166. Krack M, Hohenberg H, Kornowski A, Lindner P, Weller H, Forster S. Nanoparticle-loaded magnetophoretic vesicles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(23), 7315-7320 (2008) (Pubitemid 351813223)
167. Medarova Z, Pham W, Farrar C, Petkova V, Moore A. In vivo imaging of siRNA delivery and silencing in tumors. Nat. Med. 13(3), 372-377 (2007) (Pubitemid 46376679)
168. Van der Zee J. Heating the patient: a promising approach? Ann. Oncol. 13(8), 1173 (2002)
169. Westra A DW. Variation in sensitivity to heat shock during the cell-cycle of chinese hamster cells in vitro. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 19, 467-477 (1971)
170. Issels R, Lindner L, Verweij J et al. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy alone or with regional hyperthermia for localised high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised phase 3 multicentre study. Lancet Oncol. 11(6), 561-570 (2010)
171. Jones EL ST, Vujaskovic Z, Prosnitz LR, Dwirst MW. Hyperthermia. In:Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology. Perez CA, Halperin EC, Schmidt-Uldrich RK (Eds). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, PA, USA 699-735 (2004)
172. Zagar T, Oleson J, Vujaskovic Z et al. Hyperthermia combined with radiation therapy for superficial breast cancer and chest wall recurrence: a review of the randomised data. Int. J. Hyperthermia 26(7), 612-617 (2010)
173. Valdagni R, Amichetti M. Report of long-term follow-up in a randomized trial comparing radiation therapy and radiation therapy plus hyperthermia to metastatic lymphnodes in stage IV head and neck patients. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 28(1), 163-169 (1994) (Pubitemid 24012868)
174. Sneed P, Stauffer P, McDermott M et al. Survival benefit of hyperthermia in a prospective randomized trial of brachytherapy boost +/- hyperthermia for glioblastoma multiforme. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 40(2), 287 (1998)
175. Van der Zee J, Gonzalez D. The dutch deep hyperthermia trial: results in cervical cancer. Int. J. Hyperthermia 18(1), 1-12 (2002) (Pubitemid 34092370)
176. Prosnitz L, Maguire P, Anderson J et al. The treatment of high-grade soft tissue sarcomas with preoperative thermoradiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 45(4), 941-949 (1999) (Pubitemid 29525458)
177. Kapp DS, Cox RS, Barnett TA, Ben-Yosef R. Thermoradiotherapy for residual microscopic cancer: elective or post-excisional hyperthermia and radiation therapy in the management of local-regional recurrent breast cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 24(2), 261-277 (1992)
178. Issels RD. Regional hyperthermia in high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 20(4), 438-443 (2008)
179. Hehr T, Wust P, Bamberg M, Budach W. Current and potential role of thermoradiotherapy for solid tumours. Onkologie 26(3), 295-302 (2003) (Pubitemid 36831221)
180. Falk M, Issels R. Hyperthermia in oncology. Int. J. Hyperthermia 17(1), 1-18 (2001) (Pubitemid 32058478)
181. Dewhirst M, Prosnitz L, Thrall D et al. Hyperthermic treatment of malignant diseases: current status and a view toward the future. Semin. Oncol. 24(6), 616-625 (1997) (Pubitemid 28035878)
182. Wirbel RJ, Feifel G, Mutschler WE. Weichteiltumore Teil II Behandlung, multimodale Therapiekonzepte. Der Unfallchirurg 101(1), 52-65 (1998) (Pubitemid 28083578)
183. Van der Zee J, González D, Van Rhoon G, Van Dijk J, Van Putten W, Hart A. Comparison of radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy plus hyperthermia in locally advanced pelvic tumours: a prospective, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 355(9210), 1119-1125 (2000) (Pubitemid 30172932)
184. Pennacchioli E, Fiore M, Gronchi A. Hyperthermia as an adjunctive treatment for soft-tissue sarcoma. Exp. Rev. Anticancer Ther. 9(2), 199-210 (2009)
185. Fajardo L, Felipe L. Pathological effects of hyperthermia in normal tissues. Cancer Res. 44(10 Suppl.), 4826s (1984)
186. Sminia P, Zee JVD, Wondergem J, Haveman J. Effect of hyperthermia on the central nervous system: a review. Int. J. Hyperthermia 10(1), 1-30 (1994) (Pubitemid 24030718)
187. Wust P, Gneveckow U, Johannsen M et al. Magnetic nanoparticles for interstitial thermotherapy-feasibility, tolerance and achieved temperatures. Int. J. Hyperthermia 22(8), 673-685 (2006) (Pubitemid 46332053)
188. Johannsen M, Gneveckow U, Taymoorian K et al. Morbidity and quality of life during thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles in locally recurrent prostate cancer: results of a prospective Phase I trial. Int. J. Hyperthermia 23(3), 315-323 (2007) (Pubitemid 46860598)
189. Johannsen M, Gneveckow U, Thiesen B et al. Thermotherapy of prostate cancer using magnetic nanoparticles: feasibility, imaging, and three-dimensional temperature distribution. Eur. Urol. 52(6), 1653-1662 (2007) (Pubitemid 350052385)
190. Johannsen M, Thiesen B, Wust P, Jordan A. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia for prostate cancer. Int. J. Hyperthermia 26(8), 790-795 (2010)
191. Shinkai M, Yanase M, Honda H, Wakabayashi T, Yoshida J, Kobayashi T. Intracellular hyperthermia for cancer using magnetite cationic liposomes: in vitro study. Cancer Sci. 87(11), 1179-1183 (1996) (Pubitemid 26420027)
192. Hilger I, Andr W, Hergt R, Hiergeist R, Schubert H, Kaiser WA. Electromagnetic heating of breast tumors in interventional radiology: in vitro and in vivo studies in human cadavers and mice. Radiology 218(2), 570-575 (2001) (Pubitemid 32121077)
193. Morgan SM, Victoria R. Use of square waves incident on magnetic nanoparticles to induce magnetic hyperthermia for therapeutic cancer treatment. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(9), 093705 (2010)
194. Hayashi K, Ono K, Suzuki H et al. One-pot biofunctionalization of magnetic nanoparticles via thiolene click reaction for magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging. Chem. Mat. 22(12), 3768-3772 (2010)
195. Jin H, Kang KA. Application of novel metal nanoparticles as optical/thermal agents in optical mammography and hyperthermic treatment for breast cancer. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 599, 45-52 (2007)
196. Cho S-J, Idrobo J-C, Olamit J, Liu K, Browning ND, Kauzlarich SM. Growth mechanisms and oxidation resistance of gold-coated iron nanoparticles. Chem. Mat. 17(12), 3181-3186 (2005) (Pubitemid 40850391)
197. Chen M, Yamamuro S, Farrell D, Majetich SA. Gold-coated iron nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J. Appl. Phys. 93(10), 7551-7553 (2003)
198. Kojima H, Mukai Y, Yoshikawa M et al. Simple PEG Conjugation of SPIO via an Au-S bond improves its tumor targeting potency as a novel MR tumor imaging agent. Bioconjug. Chem. 21(6), 1026-1031 (2010)