Thin and subvisible cirrus and contrails in a subsaturated environment

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 11, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 5853-5865

  Kubbeler M ^a,e   Hildebrandt, M ^a,f   Meyer, J ^a   Schiller, C ^a   Hamburger, Th ^b   Jurkat, T ^b   Minikin, A ^b   Petzold, A ^b   Rautenhaus, M ^b   Schlager, H ^b   Schumann, U ^b   Voigt, C ^b,c   Spichtinger, P ^c   Gayet, J F ^d   Gourbeyre, C ^d   Kramer M ^a  

^a FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^b GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^c JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITÉ CLERMONT AUVERGNE   (France)

^e ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^f IUTA   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRBORNE SURVEY; CIRRUS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONTRAIL; ICE CRYSTAL; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; RELATIVE HUMIDITY;

EID: 79960154687     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-5853-2011     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Borrmann, S., Luo, B., and Mishchenko, M.: Application of the T-matrix method to the measurement of aspherical (ellipsoidal) particles with forward scattering optical particle counters., J. Aerosol Sci., 31, 89-799, 2000.
2. Bunz, H., Benz, S., Gensch, I., and Krämer, M.: MAID: a model to simulate UT/LS aerosols and ice clouds, Environ. Res. Lett., 3, 035001, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/3/3/035001, 2008.
3. Burkhardt, U., Kärcher, B., and Schumann, U.: Global modeling of the contrail and contrail cirrus climate impact, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 91, 479-484, doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2656.1, 2010.
4. de Reus, M., Borrmann, S., Bansemer, A., Heymsfield, A. J., Weigel, R., Schiller, C., Mitev, V., Frey, W., Kunkel, D., Kürten, A., Curtius, J., Sitnikov, N. M., Ulanovsky, A., and Raveg-nani, F.: Evidence for ice particles in the tropical stratosphere from in-situ measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6775-6792, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6775-2009, 2009.
5. DeMott, P. J., Cziczo, D., Prenni, A., Murphy, D., Kreidenweis, S., Thomson, D., Borys, R., and Rogers, D.: Measurements of the concentration and composition of nuclei for cirrus formation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 14660-14655, 2003.
6. DeMott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., Liu, X., Kreidenweis, S. M., Petters, M. D., Twohy, C. H., Richardson, M. S., Eidhammer, T., and Rogers, D. C.: Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 11217-11222, doi:10.1073/pnas.0910818107, 2010.
7. Febvre, G., Gayet, J.-F., Minikin, A., Schlager, H., Shcherbakov, V., Jourdan, O., Busen, R., Fiebig, M., Kärcher, B., and Schumann, U.: On optical and microphysical characteristics of contrails and cirrus, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02204, doi:10.1029/2008JD010184, 2009.
8. Forster, P. and Rogers, H.: Metrics for comparison of climate impacts from well mixed greenhouse gases and inhomogeneous forcing such as those from UT/LS ozone, contrails and contrail cirrus, Aviation Climate Change Research Initiative (ACCRI), 1-57, 2008.
9. Gayet, J.-F., Asano, S., Yamazaki, A., Uchiyama, A., Sinyuk, A., Jourdan, O., and Auriol, F.: Two case studies of winter continental-type water and mixed-phase stratocumuli over the sea 1. Microphysical and optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4569, doi:10.1029/2001JD001106, 2002a. (Pubitemid 43211941)
10. Gayet, J.-F., Auriol, F., Minikin, A., Strãm, J., Seifert, M., Kre-jci, R., Petzold, A., Febvre, G., and Schumann, U.: Quantitative measurement of the microphysical and optical properties of cirrus clouds with four different in situ probes: Evidence of small ice crystals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2230, doi:10.1029/2001GL014342, 2002b.
11. Gensch, I., Bunz, H., Baumgardner, D., Christensen, L., Fahey, D., Hermann, R., Lawson, P., Popp, P., Smith, J., Webster, C., Wein-stock, E., Wilson, J., Peter, T., and Krämer, M.: Supersaturations, microphysics and nitric acid partitioning in a cold cirrus observed during CR-AVE 2006: an observation-modeling intercompari-son study., Environ. Res. Lett., 3, 035003, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/3/3/035003, 2008.
12. Gettelman, A., Fetzer, E., Eldering, A., and Irion, F.: The Global Distribution of Supersaturation in the Upper Troposphere from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, J. Climate, 19, 6089-6103, 2006. (Pubitemid 46085096)
13. Gierens, K. and Spichtinger, P.: On the size distribution of ice- supersaturated regions in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, Ann. Geophys., 18, 499-504, doi:10.1007/s00585-000-0499-7, 2000.
14. Gierens, K., Schumann, U., Helten, M., Smit, H., and Marenco, A.: A distribution law for relative humidity in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere derived from three years of MOZAIC measurements, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1218-1226, doi:10.1007/s00585-999-1218-7, 1999.
15. Gierens, K., Schumann, U., Helten, M., Smit, H., and Wang, P.: Ice-supersaturated regions and subvisible cirrus in the northern midlatitude upper troposphere , J. Geophys. Res., 105, 22743-22753, 2000.
16. Immler, F., Treffeisen, R., Engelbart, D., Krüger, K., and Schrems, O.: Cirrus, contrails, and ice supersaturated regions in high pressure systems at northern mid latitudes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1689-1699, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1689-2008, 2008.
17. Jensen, E., Toon, O., Kinne, S., Sachse, G., Anderson, B., Chan, K., Twohy, C., Gandrud, B., Heymsfield, A., and Miake-Lye, R.: Environmental conditions required for contrail formation and persistence, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 3929-3936, 1998. (Pubitemid 28392509)
18. Jensen, E., Toon, O., Vay, S., Ovarlez, J., May, R., Bui, T. P., Twohy, Gandrud, B., Pueschel, R. F., and Schumann, U.: Prevalence of ice-supersaturated regions in the upper troposphere: Implications for optically thin ice cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17253-17266, 2001.
19. Koop, T.: Homogeneous ice nucleation in water and aqueous solutions, Z. Phys. Chem., 218, 1231-1258, 2004. (Pubitemid 39505497)
20. Koop, T., Luo, B., Tsias, A., and Peter, T.: Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions, Nature, 406, 611-614, 2000. (Pubitemid 30641044)
21. Korolev, A., Emery, E., Strapp, J., Cober, S., Isaac, G., Wasey, M., and Marcotte, D.: Small ice particles in tro-pospheric clouds: fact or artifact? Airborne Icing Instrumentation Evaluation Experiment, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92, doi:10.1175/2010BAMS3141.1, 2011.
22. Krämer, M. and Hildebrandt, M.: The role of heterogeneous freezing in cirrus formation: new model sensitivity studies, AMS Cloud Physics Conference, Portland, USA, 2010.
23. Krämer, M., Schiller, C., Afchine, A., Bauer, R., Gensch, I., Mangold, A., Schlicht, S., Spelten, N., Sitnikov, N., Borrmann, S., de Reus, M., and Spichtinger, P.: Ice supersaturations and cirrus cloud crystal numbers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3505-3522, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3505-2009, 2009
24. Kärcher, B.: Properties of subvisible cirrus clouds formed by homogeneous freezing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 161-170, doi:10.5194/acp-2-161- 2002, 2002.
25. Kärcher, B. and Lohmann, U.: A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4010, doi:10.1029/2002JD003220, 2002.
26. Kärcher, B. and Lohmann, U.: A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: heterogeneous freezing, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4402, doi:10.1029/2002JD003220, 2003.
27. Marti, J. and Mauersberger, K.: A survey and new measurements of ice vapour pressure at temperatures between 170K and 250 K, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 363-366, 1993. (Pubitemid 23380821)
28. Nelson, J.: Sublimation of Ice Crystals, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 910-919, 1998. (Pubitemid 28236287)
29. Petzold, A., Busen, R., Schröder, F., Baumann, R., Kuhn, M., Ström, J., Hagen, D., Whitefield, P., Baumgardner, D., Arnold, F., Borrmann S., Schumann U.: Near-Field measurements on contrail properties from fuels with different sulfur content J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29867-29880, 1997.
30. Pruppacher, H. and Klett, J.: Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation, Kluwer Academic, 2nd edn., 1997.
31. Sassen, K., Griffin, M. K., and Dodd, G. C.: Optical Scattering and Microphysical Properties of Subvisual Cirrus Clouds, and Climatic Implications, J. Appl. Meteorol., 28, 91-98, 1989.
32. Schiller, C., Krämer, M., Afchine, A., Spelten, N., and Sitnikov, N.: The ice water content in Arctic, midlatitude and tropical cirrus, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24208, doi:10.1029/2008JD010342., 2008.
33. Schlager, H., Konopka, P., Schulte, P., Schumann, U., Ziereis, H., Arnold, F., Klemm, M., Hagen, D. E., Whitefield, P. D., and Ovarlez, J.: In situ observations of air traffic emission signatures in the North Atlantic flight corridor, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10739-10750, doi:10.1029/96JD03748, 1997. (Pubitemid 127557695)
34. Schröder, F., Kärcher, B., Duroure, C., Ström, J., Petzold, A., Gayet, J.-F., Strauss, B., Wendling, P., and Borrmann, S.: On the transition of contrails into cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 464-480, 2000. (Pubitemid 30203465)
35. Schumann, U.: On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhaust, Meteorol. Zeitschrift, 5, 4-23, 1996. (Pubitemid 126677473)
36. Schumann, U., Schlager, H., Arnold, F., Baumann, R., Hachberger, P., and Klemm, O.: Dilution of aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise altitudes, Atmos. Environ., 32, 3097-3103, 1998. (Pubitemid 28398792)
37. Schumann, U., Mayer, B., Gierens, K., Unterstrasser, S., Jess-berger, P., Petzold, A., and Voigt, C.: Effective radius of ice particles in cirrus and contrails, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 300-321, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3562.1, 2010.
38. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tig-nor, M. M. B., Miller Jr., R., L., H., and Chen, Z. E.: Climate change 2007, The physical science basis, Cambridge University press, 1st edn., 2007.
39. Spichtinger, P. and Cziczo, D. J.: Impact of heterogeneous ice nuclei on homogeneous freezing events, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D14208, doi:10.1029/ 2009JD012168, 2010.
40. Spichtinger, P., Gierens, K., and Read, W.: The global distribution of ice supersaturated regions as seen by the microwave limb sounder., Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3391-3410, 2003. (Pubitemid 38034066)
41. Voigt, C., Schlager, H., Ziereis, H., Kärcher, B., Luo, B., Schiller, C., Krämer, M., Popp, P., Irie, H., and Kondo, Y.: Nitric acid in cirrus clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05803, doi:10.1029/2005GL025159, 2006.
42. Voigt, C., Schumann, U., Jurkat, T., Schäuble, D., Schlager, H., Petzold, A., Gayet, J.-F., Krämer, M., Schneider, J., Borrmann, S., Schmale, J., Jessberger, P., Hamburger, T., Lichtenstern, M., Scheibe, M., Gourbeyre, C., Meyer, J., Kübbeler, M., Frey, W., Kalesse, H., Butler, T., Lawrence, M. G., Holzäpfel, F., Arnold, F., Wendisch, M., Döpelheuer, A., Gottschaldt, K., Baumann, R., Zöger, M., Sölch, I., Rautenhaus, M., and Dörnbrack, A.: In-situ observations of young contrails - overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9039- 9056, doi:10.5194/acp-10-9039-2010, 2010.
43. Zöger, M., Afchine, A., Eicke, N., Gerhards, M.-T., Klein, E., McKenna, D., Mörschel, U., Schmidt, U., Tan, V., Tuitjer, F., Woyke, T., and Schiller, C.: Fast in situ stratospheric hygrometers: A new family of balloon-borne and airborne Lyman-photofragment fluorescence hygrometers, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1807-1816, 1999. (Pubitemid 29250696)