Factors influencing vegetation cover change in Mediterranean Central Chile (1975-2008)

Applied Vegetation Science

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 571-582

  Schulz, Jennifer J ^a   Cayuela, Luis ^b   Rey Benayas, José M ^c   Schröder, Boris ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALCALÁ   (Spain)

Author keywords

Deforestation; Driving forces; Forest regeneration; Land cover change; Shrubland regeneration

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960068144     PISSN: 14022001     EISSN: 1654109X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2011.01135.x     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Akaike, H. 1973. Information theory and the extension of the Maximum Likelihood Principle. In: Petrov, B.N. & Csaki, F. (eds.) Second international symposium on information theory. pp. 267-281. Academia Kiado, Budapest, HU.
2. Altieri, M.A. & Rojas, A. 1999. Ecological impacts of Chile's neoliberal policies, with special emphasis on agroecosystems. Environment, Development and Sustainability 1: 55-72.
3. Amigo, J. & Ramírez, C. 1998. A bioclimatic classification of Chile: woodland communities in the temperate zone. Plant Ecology 136: 9-26.
4. Antrop, M. 2005. Why landscapes of the past are important for the future. Landscape and Urban Planning 70: 21-34.
5. Armenteras, D., Rudas, G., Rodriguez, N., Sua, S. & Romero, M. 2006. Patterns and causes of deforestation in the Colombian Amazon. Ecological Indicators 6: 353-368.
6. Armesto, J.J. & Martínez, J.A. 1978. Relations between vegetation structure and slope aspect in the Mediterranean region of Central Chile. Journal of Ecology 66: 881-889.
7. Armesto, J.J., Arroyo, K., Mary, T. & Hinojosa, L.F. 2007. The Mediterranean Environment of Central Chile. In: Velben, T.T., Young, K.R. & Orme, A.R. (eds.) The physical geography of South America. pp. 184-199. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, US.
8. Armesto, J.J., Manuschevich, D., Mora, A., Smith-Ramirez, C., Rozzi, R., Abarzúa, A.M. & Marquet, P.A. 2010. From the Holocene to the Anthropocene: a historical framework for land cover change in southwestern South America in the past 15, 000 years. Land Use Policy 27: 148-160.
9. Aronson, J., Del Pozo, A., Ovalle, C., Avendaño, J., Lavin, A. & Etienne, M. 1998. Land use changes and conflicts in central Chile. In: Rundel, P.W., Montenegro, G. & Jaksic, F. (eds.) Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. pp. 155-168. Springer Verlag, Berlin, DE.
10. Arroyo, M.T.K., Cavieres, L., Marticorena, C. & Muñoz-Schick, M. 1995. Convergence in the Mediterranean floras in central Chile and California: insights from comparative biogeography. In: Arroyo, M.T.K., Zedler, P.H. & Fox, M.D. (eds.) Ecology and biogeography of Mediterranean ecosystems in Chile, California, and Australia. pp. 43-88. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, US.
11. Aubad, J., Aragón, P., Oalla-Tárraga, M.A. & Rodríguez, M.A. 2008. Illegal logging, landscape structure and the variation of tree species richness across North Andean forest remnants. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 1892-1899.
12. Badano, E.I., Cavieres, L.A., Molina-Montenegro, M.A. & Quiroz, C.L. 2005. Slope aspect influences plant association patterns in the Mediterranean matorral of Central Chile. Journal of Arid Environments 62: 93-108.
13. Baldi, G. & Paruelo, J.M. 2008. Land-use and land cover dynamics in South American temperate grasslands. Ecology and Society 13: 6. Available at: [Ecology and Society] (Accessed 24 May 2010).
14. Balduzzi, A., Tomaselli, R., Serey, I. & Villaseñor, R. 1982. Degradation of the Mediterranean type of vegetation in central Chile. Ecologia Méditerranea 7: 223-240.
15. Burel, F. & Baudry, J. 2003. Landscape ecology: concepts, methods and applications. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, US.
16. Bürgi, M. & Turner, M. 2002. Factors and processes shaping land cover and land cover changes along the Wisconsin River. Ecosystems 5: 184-201.
17. Bürgi, M., Hersperger, A.M. & Schneeberger, N. 2004. Driving forces of landscape change - current and new directions. Landscape Ecology 19: 857-868.
18. Burnham, K.P. & Anderson, D.R. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, US.
19. Callieri, C. 1996. Degradación y deforestación del bosque nativo por extracción de leña. Ambiente y Desarrollo 12: 41-48.
20. Calvo-Alvarado, J., McLennan, B., Sánchez-Azofeifa, A. & Garvin, T. 2009. Deforestation and forest restoration in Guanacaste, Costa Rica: putting conservation policies in context. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 931-940.
21. Cayuela, L., Rey Benayas, J.M. & Echeverría, C. 2006. Clearance and fragmentation of tropical montane forests in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico (1975-2000). Forest Ecology and Management 226: 208-218.
22. Chowdhury, R.R. 2006. Driving forces of tropical deforestation: the role of remote sensing and spatial models. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 27: 82-101.
23. Clement, F., Orange, D., Williams, M., Mulley, C. & Epprecht, M. 2009. Drivers of afforestation in Northern Vietnam: assessing local variations using geographically weighted regression. Applied Geography 29: 561-576.
24. CONAF 2006. III Informe Nacional. Implementación en Chile de la Convención de Naciones Unidas en la Lucha contra la Desertificación en los paises afectados por sequia grave o Desertificación, en Particular en África. Corporación Nacional Forestal. Oficina de Coordinación Nacional PANCCD-Chile. Santiago de Chile.
25. Dormann, C.F., McPherson, J.M., Araújo, M.B., Bivand, R., Bolliger, J., Carl, G., Davies, R.G., Hirzel, A., Jetz, W., Kissling, W.D., Kühn, I., Ohlemüller, R., Peres-Neto, P.R., Reineking, B., Schröder, B., Schurr, F.M. & Wilson, R. 2007. Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data: a review. Ecography 30: 609-628.
26. Echeverría, C., Coomes, D., Salas, J., Rey Benayas, J.M., Lara, A. & Newton, A. 2006. Rapid deforestation and fragmentation of Chilean temperate forests. Biological Conservation 130: 481-494.
27. Echeverría, C., Coomes, D., Hall, M. & Newton, A. 2008. Spatially explicit models to analyze forest loss and fragmentation between 1976 and 2020 in southern Chile. Ecological Modelling 212: 439-449.
28. Elizalde, R. 1970. La sobrevivencia de Chile. 2nd ed.. Ministerio de Agricultura & El Escudo Impresores Editores Ltda, Santiago de Chile, CL.
29. Etter, A., McAlpine, C., Wilson, K., Phinn, S. & Possingham, H. 2006. Regional patterns of agricultural land use and deforestation in Colombia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 114: 369-386.
30. FAO 2009. TradeSTAT. Retrieved December 03, 2009. Available at: (Accessed 03 December 2009)..
31. Fuentes, E.R., Hoffmann, A.J., Poiani, A. & Alliende, M.C. 1986. Vegetation change in large clearings: patterns in the Chilean matorral. Oecologia 68: 358-366.
32. Fuentes, E.R., Avilés, R. & Segura, A. 1989. Landscape change under indirect effects of human use: the Savanna of Central Chile. Landscape Ecology 2: 73-80.
33. Gao, Q., Kang, M., Xu, H., Jiang, Y. & Yang, J. 2010. Optimization of land use structure and spatial pattern for the semi-arid loess hilly-gully region in China. Catena 81: 196-202.
34. Gasparri, N.I. & Grau, H.R. 2009. Deforestation and fragmentation of Chaco dry forest in NW Argentina (1972-2007). Forest Ecology and Management 258: 913-921.
35. Geist, H.J. & Lambin, E.F. 2002. Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation. Bioscience 52: 143-150.
36. Gellrich, M., Baur, P., Koch, B. & Zimmermann, N.E. 2007. Agricultural land abandonment and natural forest re-growth in the Swiss mountains: a spatially explicit economic analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 118: 93-108.
37. Grau, H.R. & Aide, M. 2008. Globalization and land-use transitions in Latin America. Ecology and Society 13: 16. Available at: [Ecology and Society].
38. Grau, H.R., Hernández, M.E., Gutierrez, J., Gasparri, N.I., Casavecchia, M.C., Flores-Ivaldi, E.E. & Paolini, L. 2008. A Peri-Urban Neotropical Forest Transition and its Consequences for Environmental Services. Ecology and Society 13: 35. Available at: [Ecology and Society].
39. Hein, S., Voss, J., Poethke, H.J. & Schröder, B. 2007. Habitat suitability models for the conservation of thermophilic grasshoppers and bush crickets. Journal of Insect Conservation 11: 221-240.
40. Hosmer, D.W. & Lemeshow, S. 2000. Applied logistic regression. Wiley, New York, NY, US.
41. IGM 1990. Cartas regulares de Chile. Instituto Geográfico Militar, Santiago de Chile, CL.
42. INE 1970. XIV Censo Nacional de Población y III de Vivienda. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, Santiago de Chile, CL.
43. INE 1982. XV. Censo Nacional de Población y IV de Vivienda. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, Santiago de Chile, CL.
44. INE 1997. VI. Censo Nacional Agropecuario y Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Available at: accessed April 15, 2009
45. INE 2003. Censo 2002, Síntesis de Resultados. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Santiago de Chile. Available at: accessed March 25, 2009
46. INE 2006. Medio Ambiente Informe anual 2005. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Chile, Santiago de Chile. Available at: accessed September 26, 2009
47. INE 2007. VII. Censo Nacional Agropecuario y Forestal. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Santiago de Chile. Available at: accessed April 15, 2009
48. Lambin, E.F., Turner, B.L. II, Geist, H.J., Agbola, S.B., Angelsen, A., Bruce, J.W., Coomes, O., Dirzo, R., Fischer, G., Folke, C., George, P.S., Homewood, K., Imbernon, J., Leemans, R., Li, X., Moran, E.F., Mortimore, M., Ramakrishnan, P.S., Richards, J.F., Skanes, H., Steffen, W.L., Stone, G.D., Svedin, U., Veldkamp, T.A., Vogel, C. & Xu, J. 2001. The causes of land use and land-cover change: moving beyond the myths. Global Environmental Change 11: 261-269.
49. Maletta, H.E. 2000. Recent Latin American developments in irrigation. Social Science Research Network. doi: DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.347680. Available at: (Accessed 17 December 2009).
50. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment. Island Press, Washington, DC, US.
51. Munroe, D.K., Southworth, J. & Tucker, C.M. 2002. The dynamics of land-cover change in western Honduras: exploring spatial and temporal complexity. Agricultural Economics 27: 355-369.
52. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853-858.
53. Naveh, Z. & Lieberman, A.S. 1994. Landscape Ecology: Theory and Application. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, US.
54. Ochoa-Gaona, S. & Gonzalez-Espinosa, M. 2000. Land use and deforestation in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Applied Geography 29: 17-42.
55. R Development Core Team 2009. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, Available at.
56. Redo, D., Bass, J.O. & Millington, A.C. 2009. Forest dynamics and the importance of place in western Honduras. Applied Geography 29: 91-110.
57. Reineking, B. & Schröder, B. 2006. Constrain to perform: regularization of habitat models. Ecological Modelling 193: 675-690.
58. Rey Benayas, J.M., Bullock, J. & Newton, A.C. 2008. Creating woodland islets to reconcile ecological restoration, conservation, and agricultural land use. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 329-336.
59. Ripley, B. 2007. Tree: Classification and regression trees. R package version 1.0-26.
60. Rundel, P.W. 1981. The matorral zone of central Chile. In: di Castri, F., Goodall, D.W. & Specht, R.L. (eds.) Mediterranean-type Shrublands. pp. 175-201. Elsevier, Amsterdam, NL.
61. Rundel, P.W. 1999. Disturbance in Mediterranean climate shrublands and woodlands. In: Walker, L.R. (ed.) Ecosystems of disturbed ground. pp. 271-285. Elsevier, New York, NY, US.
62. Sandoval, V. & Real, P. 2005. Modelamiento y prognosis estadística y cartográfica del cambio en el uso de la tierra. Bosque 26: 55-63.
63. Schulz, J.J., Cayuela, L., Echeverría, C., Salas, J. & Rey Benayas, J.M. 2010. Monitoring land cover change of the dryland forest landscape of Central Chile (1975-2008). Applied Geography 30: 436-447.
64. Serra, P., Pons, X. & Saurí, D. 2008. Land-cover and land-use change in a Mediterranean landscape: a spatial analysis of driving forces integrating biophysical and human factors. Applied Geography 28: 189-209.
65. Sluiter, R. & de Jong, M. 2007. Spatial patterns of Mediterranean land abandonment and related land cover transitions. Landscape Ecology 22: 559-576.
66. Swets, J.A. 1988. Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science 240: 285-1293.
67. Vogiatzakis, I.N., Mannion, A.M. & Griffiths, G.H. 2006. Mediterranean ecosystems: problems and tools for conservation. Progress in Physical Geography 30: 175-200.
68. Zak, M.R., Cabido, M., Cáceres, D. & Díaz, S. 2008. What drives accelerated land cover change in Central Argentina? Synergistic consequences of climatic, socioeconomic, and technological factors. Environmental Management 42: 181-189.
69. Zuloaga, F., Morrone, O. & Belgrano, M.J. 2008. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Argentina, southern Brazilm Chile, Paraguay y Uraguay). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, US.