Self-stereotyping as a route to system justification

Social Cognition

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 360-375

  Laurin, Kristin ^a,b   Kay, Aaron C ^a   Shepherd, Steven ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b NONE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960006773     PISSN: 0278016X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/soco.2011.29.3.360     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bem, D. J. (1972). Self-perception theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Volume 6 (pp. 1-62). New York: Academic Press.
2. Biernat, M., Vescio, T. K., & Green, M. L. (1996). Selective self-stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 1194-1209 (Pubitemid 126422706)
3. Calogero, R., & Jost, J. T. (2010). Self-subjugation among women: Stereotype exposure, selfobjectification, and the buffering function of the need to avoid closure. Manuscript submitted for publication.
4. Catalyst (2007). 2007 catalyst census of women corporate officers and top earners of the fortune 500. Retrieved August 25, 2008, from http://www.catalyst.org/publication/13/2007-catalyst-censusof-women-corporate- officers-and-topearners-of-the-fortune-500
5. Catalyst (1997). 1997 catalyst census of women corporate officers and top earners of the fortune 500. Retrieved August 25, 2008, from http://www.catalyst.org/publication/178/1997-catalyst-censusof-women-corporate- officers-and-topearners-of-the-fortune-500
6. Catalyst. (2008). Statistical overview of women in the workplace. Retrieved August 25, 2008, from http://www.catalyst.org/publication/219/ statistical-overviewof-women-in-the-workplace
7. Chalk, L. M., Meara, N. M., Day, J. D., & Davis, K. L. (2005). Occupational possible selves: Fears and aspirations of college women. Journal of Career Assessment, 13, 188-203. (Pubitemid 43549268)
8. Calogero, R., & Jost, J. T. (2010). Self-subjugation among women: Stereotype exposure, selfobjectification, and the buffering function of the need to avoid closure. Manuscript submitted for publication.
9. Crosby, F. (1984). The denial of personal discrimination. The American Behavioral Scientist, 27, 371-386.
10. Crosby, F., Clayton, S., Alksnis, O., & Hemker, K. (1986). Cognitive biases in the perception of discrimination: The importance of format. Sex Roles, 14, 637-646.
11. Eagly, A. H., & Mladinic, A. (1989). Gender stereotypes and attitudes toward women and men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 543-558.
12. Eagly, A. H., & Mladinic, A. (1993). Are people prejudiced against women? Some answers from research on attitudes, gender stereotypes, and judgments of competence. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 1-35). New York: Wiley.
13. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 735-754.
14. Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). Hostile and benevolent sexism: Measuring ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
15. Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56, 109-118. (Pubitemid 33624313)
16. Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J., Abrams, D., Masser, B., et al. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 763-775.
17. Haines, E. L., & Jost, J. T. (2000). Placating the powerless: Effects of legitimate and illegitimate explanation on affect, memory, and stereotyping. Social Justice Research, 13, 219-236. (Pubitemid 33215242)
18. Hoffman, C., & Hurst, N. (1990). Gender stereotypes: Perception or rationalization? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 197-208.
19. Inter-Parliamentary Union (2008). Women in National Parliaments. Retrieved August 25, 2008, from http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm
20. Jackman, M. R. (1994). The velvet glove: Paternalism and conflict in gender, class, and race relations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
21. Jost, J. T. (1997). An experimental replication of the depressed entitlement effect among women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 387-393. (Pubitemid 127361137)
22. Jost, J. T. (2001). Outgroup favoritism and the theory of system justification: An experimental paradigm for investigating the effects of socio-economic success on stereotype content. In G. Moskowitz (Ed.), Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton symposium on the legacy and future of social cognition (pp. 89-102). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
23. Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1-27.
24. Jost, J. T., & Burgess, D. (2000). Attitudinal ambivalence and the conflict between group and system justification motives in low status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 293-305.
25. Jost, J. T., Burgess, D., & Mosso, C. (2001). Conflicts of legitimation among self, group, and system: The integrative potential of system justification theory. In J. T. Jost and B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations (pp. 363-388). New York: Cambridge University Press.
26. Jost, J. T., & Hamilton, D. L. (2005). Stereotypes in our culture. In J. Dovidio, P. Glick, and L. Rudman (eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport (pp. 208-224). Blackwell: Oxford.
27. Jost, J. T., & Kay, A. C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 498-509. (Pubitemid 40322652)
28. Jost, J. T., Kivetz, Y., Rubini, M., Guermandi, G., & Mosso, C. (2005). System-justifying functions of complementary regional and ethnic stereotypes: Crossnational evidence. Social Justice Research, 18, 305-333. (Pubitemid 41539604)
29. Jost, J. T., Liviatan, I., van der Toorn, J., Ledgerwood, A., Mandisodza, A., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). System justification: How do we know it's motivated? Invited submission for A. C. Kay et al. (Eds.), The psychology of justice and legitimacy: The Ontario symposium (Vol. 11). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Jost, J. T., Pelham, B. W., & Carvallo, M. (2002). Non-conscious forms of system justification: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral preferences for higher status groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 586-602. (Pubitemid 36100584)
31. Jost, J. T., & Thompson, E. P. (2000). Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 209-232.
32. Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Peach, J. M., Laurin, K., Friesen, J., Zanna, M. P., & Spencer, S. J. (2009). Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 421-434.
33. Kay, A. C., & Jost, J. T. (2003). Complementary justice: Effects of "poor but happy" and "poor but honest" stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 823-837. (Pubitemid 37417544)
34. Kay, A. C., Jost, J. T., Mandisodza, A. N., Sherman, S. J., Petrocelli, J. V., & Johnson, A. L. (2007). Panglossian ideology in the service of system justification: How complementary stereotypes help us to rationalize inequality. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, (Vol. 38, pp. 305-358). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
35. Kay, A. C., Jost, J. T., & Young, S. (2005). Victim derogation and victim enhancement as alternate routes to system justification. Psychological Science, 16, 240-246. (Pubitemid 40447727)
36. Lau, G., Kay, A. C., & Spencer, S. J. (2008). Loving those who justify inequality: The effects of system threat on attraction to women who embody benevolent sexist ideal. Psychological Science, 19, 20-21.
37. Laurin, K., Shepherd, S., & Kay, A. C. (2010). Restricted emigration, system inescapability and defense of the status quo: System-justifying consequences of restricted exit opportunities. Psychological Science, 21, 1075-1082.
38. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
39. McKoy, S. K., & Major, B. (2007). Priming meritocracy and the psychological justification of inequality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 341-351.
40. Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195-202.
41. United States Department of Labor (2008, September 9). Statistics and data: Quick stats 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2008, from http://www.dol.gov/wb/ stats/main.htm.
42. Wheeler, S. C., DeMaree, K. G., & Petty, R. E. (2007). Understanding the role of the self in prime-to-behavior effects: The active-self account. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 234-261.
43. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. (1974). The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 109-120.