Comparative analysis of immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction and focus-floating microscopy for the detection of Treponema pallidum in mucocutaneous lesions of primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis

British Journal of Dermatology

Volumn 165, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 50-60

  Muller H ^a   Eisendle, K ^a,b   Brauninger W ^c   Kutzner, H ^d   Cerroni, L ^e   Zelger, B ^a  

^a INNSBRUCK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Austria)

^b Central Hospital   (Italy)

^c JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d Dermatopathologische Gemeinschaftspraxis   (Germany)

^e MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; BACTERIUM ANTIBODY; POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIAL SKIN DISEASE; BACTERIUM DETECTION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC KIT; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; FEMALE; FOCUS FLOATING MICROSCOPY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MICROSCOPY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN BIOPSY; STAGING; SYPHILIS; SYPHILIS SEROLOGY; TERTIARY SYPHILIS; TREPONEMA PALLIDUM;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTIBODIES, BACTERIAL; BIOPSY; DNA, BACTERIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MICROSCOPY; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN; SYPHILIS, CUTANEOUS; TREPONEMA PALLIDUM; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79959736364     PISSN: 00070963     EISSN: 13652133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10314.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Rompalo AM,. Can syphilis be eradicated from the world? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14: 41-4. (Pubitemid 32119162)
2. Simms I, Fenton KA, Ashton M, et al. The re-emergence of syphilis in the United Kingdom: the new epidemic phases. Sex Transm Dis 2005; 32: 220-6. (Pubitemid 40411577)
3. Fowler VG Jr, Maxwell GL, Myers SA, et al. Failure of benzathine penicillin in a case of seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol 2001; 137: 1374-6. (Pubitemid 32954197)
4. Kingston AA, Vujevich J, Shapiro M, et al. Seronegative secondary syphilis in 2 patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Dermatol 2005; 141: 431-3. (Pubitemid 40547400)
5. Johnson PD, Graves SR, Stewart L, et al. Specific syphilis serological tests may become negative in HIV infection. AIDS 1991; 5: 419-23.
6. Nakamura S, Ito F, Onda S,. Improved methods for the demonstration of Treponema pallidum in the tissues. J Dermatol 1983; 10: 433-7. (Pubitemid 14161922)
7. Jethwa HS, Schmitz JL, Dallabetta G, et al. Comparison of molecular and microscopic techniques for detection of Treponema pallidum in genital ulcers. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 180-3. (Pubitemid 24382422)
8. Ito F, Hunter EF, George RW, et al. Specific immunofluorescent staining of pathogenic treponemes with a monoclonal antibody. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 831-8.
9. Romanowski B, Forsey E, Prasad E, et al. Detection of Treponema pallidum by a fluorescent monoclonal antibody test. Sex Transm Dis 1987; 14: 156-9. (Pubitemid 18045546)
10. Zoechling N, Schluepen EM, Soyer HP, et al. Molecular detection of Treponema pallidum in secondary and tertiary syphilis. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136: 683-6. (Pubitemid 27278074)
11. Burstain JM, Grimprel E, Lukehart SA, et al. Sensitive detection of Treponema pallidum by using the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 62-9.
12. Buffet M, Grange PA, Gerhardt P, et al. Diagnosing Treponema pallidum in secondary syphilis by PCR and immunohistochemistry. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127: 2345-50. (Pubitemid 47619760)
13. White KP, Barry CI, Patterson JW,. Focus-floating microscopy for detecting Borrelia species in tissue sections: back to basics. Arch Dermatol 2008; 144: 662-3. (Pubitemid 351724429)
14. Eisendle K, Grabner T, Zelger B,. Focus floating microscopy: 'gold standard' for cutaneous borreliosis? Am J Clin Pathol 2007; 127: 213-22. (Pubitemid 46797178)
15. Behrhof W, Springer E, Bräuninger W, et al. PCR testing for Treponema pallidum in paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens: test design and impact on the diagnosis of syphilis. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61: 390-5. (Pubitemid 351354252)
16. Kumar S, Krenacs L, Otsuki T, et al. bcl-1 rearrangement and cyclin D1 protein expression in multiple lymphomatous polyposis. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 105: 737-43. (Pubitemid 26178720)
17. Martín-Ezquerra G, Fernandez-Casado A, Barco D, et al. Treponema pallidum distribution patterns in mucocutaneous lesions of primary and secondary syphilis: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Hum Pathol 2009; 40: 624-30.
18. Hoang MP, High WA, Molberg KH,. Secondary syphilis: a histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. J Cutan Pathol 2004; 31: 595-9. (Pubitemid 39233598)
19. Blum L, Bachmeyer C, Caumes E,. Seronegative secondary syphilis in an HIV-infected patient. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30: 158-9. (Pubitemid 40380094)
20. Singh AE, Sutherland K, Lee B, et al. Early congenital syphilis. CMAJ 2007; 177: 752.
21. Hicks CB, Benson PM, Lupton GP, Tramont EC,. Seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with Kaposi sarcoma. A diagnostic dilemma. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107: 492-5.
22. Zetola NM, Klausner JD,. Syphilis and HIV infection: an update. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 1222-8. (Pubitemid 46651249)
23. Engelkens HJ, ten Kate FJ, Judanarso J, et al. The localisation of treponemes and characterisation of the inflammatory infiltrate in skin biopsies from patients with primary or secondary syphilis, or early infectious yaws. Genitourin Med 1993; 69: 102-7. (Pubitemid 23128265)
24. Liu H, Rodes B, Chen CY, Steiner B,. New tests for syphilis: rational design of a PCR method for detection of Treponema pallidum in clinical specimens using unique regions of the DNA polymerase I gene. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 1941-6. (Pubitemid 32417048)
25. Centurion-Lara A, Castro C, Shaffer JM, et al. Detection of Treponema pallidum by a sensitive reverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 1348-52. (Pubitemid 27216793)
26. Eisendle K, Grabner T, Zelger B,. Morphoea: a manifestation of infection with Borrelia species? Br J Dermatol 2007; 157: 1189-98. (Pubitemid 350115703)
27. Eisendle K, Grabner T, Kutzner H, Zelger B,. Possible role of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in lichen sclerosus. Arch Dermatol 2008; 144: 591-8. (Pubitemid 351724419)
28. Eisendle K, Baltaci M, Kutzner H, Zelger B,. Detection of spirochaetal microorganisms by focus floating microscopy in necrobiosis lipoidica in patients from central Europe. Histopathology 2008; 52: 877-84. (Pubitemid 351724920)
29. Ziemer M, Grabner T, Eisendle K, et al. Granuloma annulare-a manifestation of infection with Borrelia? J Cutan Pathol 2008; 35: 1050-7.
30. Ziemer M, Eisendle K, Müller H, Zelger B,. Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner-Kanof) but not reticular erythematous mucinosis occasionally represents clinical manifestations of Borrelia-associated pseudolymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161: 583-90.
31. Zelger B, Eisendle K, Mensing C,. Detection of spirochetal micro-organisms by focus-floating microscopy in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 57: 1026-30. (Pubitemid 350087331)
32. Jeerapaet P, Ackerman AB,. Histologic patterns of secondary syphilis. Arch Dermatol 1973; 107: 373-7.
33. Phelps RG, Knispel J, Tu ES, et al. Immunoperoxidase technique for detecting spirochetes in tissue sections: comparison with other methods. Int J Dermatol 2000; 39: 609-13.
34. Wenhai L, Jianzhong Z, Cao Y,. Detection of Treponema pallidum in skin lesions of secondary syphilis and characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate. Dermatology 2004; 208: 94-7. (Pubitemid 38446004)
35. Lee WS, Lee MG, Chung KY, Lee JB,. Detection of Treponema pallidum in tissue: a comparative study of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, indirect immunoperoxidase, FTA-ABS complement techniques and the darkfield method. Yonsei Med J 1991; 32: 335-41.