Biomonitoring Equivalents for 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenylether (PBDE-99)

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 60, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 165-171

  Krishnan, Kannan ^a   Adamou, Therese ^a   Aylward, Lesa L ^b   Hays, Sean M ^b   Kirman, Christopher R ^b   Nong, Andy ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b LLP   (United States)

^c HEALTH CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

2,2',4,4',5 Pentabromodiphenylether; Biomonitoring Equivalents; PBDE 99; Polybrominated biphenyl ethers; Risk assessment; Toxicokinetics

Indexed keywords

2,2',4,4',5 PENTABROMODIPHENYLETHER; DIPHENYL ETHER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BIOMONITORING EQUIVALENT; BODY DISTRIBUTION; BODY FAT; CANADA; EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL; HALF LIFE TIME; HUMAN; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFERENCE VALUE; RISK ASSESSMENT; STEADY STATE; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; CANADA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; HALF-LIFE; HALOGENATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HUMANS; RISK ASSESSMENT; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 79958273125     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.03.011     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Alonso V., Linares V., Belles M., Albina M.L., Pujol A., Domigo J.L. Effects of BDE-99 on hormone homeostasis and biochemical parameters in adult male rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010, 48(8-9):2206-2211.
2. Aylward L.L., Hays S.M., Gagné M., Nong A., Krishnan K. Biomonitoring equivalents for hexachlorobenzene. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2010, 58:25-32.
3. Brooke D.N., Burns J., Crookes M.J., Dungey S.M. Using science to create a bettezr place. Environmental risk evaluation report. Decabromodiphenyl ether (CAS No. 1163-19-5) 2009, Environment Agency, Bristol, UK.
4. Brown R.P., Delp M.D., Lindstedt S.L., Rhomberg L.R., Beliles R.P. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Toxicol. Ind. Health 1997, 13:407-484.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009. Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Department of Health and Human Service. Atlanta, GC. Available from: (accessed 29.11.2010). http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport.
6. Chen G., Bunce N.J. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers as Ah receptor agonists and antagonists. Toxicol. Sci. 2003, 76:310-320.
7. Chen G., Konstantinov A.D., Chittim B.G., Joyce E.M., Bols N.C., Bunce N.J. Synthesis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their capacity to induce CYP1A by the Ah receptor mediated pathway. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35:3749-3756.
8. Chen L.J., Lebetkin E.H., Sanders J.M., Burka L.T. Metabolism and disposition of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE99) following single or repeated administration to rats and mice. Xenobiotica 2006, 36:515-534.
9. Chevrier J., Harley K.G., Bradman A., Gharbi M., Sjodin A., Eskanzi B. Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) flame retardants and thyroid hormone during pregnancy. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118:1444-1449.
10. Darnerud P.O., Risberg S. Tissue localisation of tetra- and pentabromodiphenyl ether congeners (BDE-47, -85 and -99) in perinatal and adult C57BL mice. Chemosphere 2006, 62:485-493.
11. Dunnick J.K., Nyska A. Characterization of liver toxicity in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice after exposure to a flame retardant containing lower molecular weight polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2009, 61(1):1-12.
12. Eriksson P., Jakobsson E., Fredriksson A. Developmental neurotoxicity of brominated flame-retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromo-bis-phenol A. Organohalogen Compd. 1998, 35:375-377.
13. Eriksson P., Jakobsson E., Fredriksson A. Brominated flame retardants: a novel class of developmental neurotoxicants in our environment?. Environ. Health Perspect. 2001, 109:903-908.
14. Eriksson P., Viberg H. Letter to the editor. Toxicol. Sci. 2004, 79:207-208.
15. Eriksson P., Viberg H., Jakobsson E., Orn U., Fredriksson A. A brominated flame retardant, 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether: uptake, retention, and induction of neurobehavioral alterations in mice during a critical phase of neonatal brain development. Toxicol. Sci. 2002, 67:98-103.
16. Frederiksen M., Vorkamp K., Thomsen M., Knudsen L.E. Human internal and external exposure to PBDEs - a review of levels and sources. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2009, 212:109-134.
17. Geyer H.J., Schramm K.W., Darnerud P.O., Aune M., Feicht E.A., Fried K.W. Terminal elimination half-lives of the brominated flame retardants TBBPA, HBCD, and lower brominated PBDEs in humans. Organohalogen Compd. 2004, 66:3867-3872.
18. Hakk H., Larsen G., Klasson-Wehler E. Tissue disposition, excretion and metabolism of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. Xenobiotica 2002, 32:369-382.
19. Hays S.M., Aylward L.L. Using biomonitoring equivalents to interpret human biomonitoring data in a public health risk context. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2009, 29:275-288.
20. Hays S.M., Aylward L.L., LaKind J.S., Bartels M.J., Barton H.A., Boogaard P.J., Brunk C., DiZio S., Dourson M., Goldstein D.A., Lipscomb J., Kilpatrick M.E., Krewski D., Krishnan K., Nordberg M., Okino M., Tan Y.M., Viau C., Yager J.W. Guidelines for the derivation of biomonitoring equivalents: report from the biomonitoring equivalents expert workshop. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 51:S4-S15.
21. Hays S.M., Becker R.A., Leung H.W., Aylward L.L., Pyatt D.W. Biomonitoring equivalents: a screening approach for interpreting biomonitoring results from a public health risk perspective. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2007, 47:96-109.
22. Health Canada, 2006. State of the science report for a screening health assessment polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) [Tetra-, Penta-, Hexa-, Hepta-, Octa-,Nona- and Deca-Congeners] [numéros CAS 40088-47-9, 32534-81-9, 36483-60-0, 68928-80-3, 32536-52-0, 63936-56-1, 1163-19-5], p. 35.
23. Herbstman J.B., Sjödin A., Apelberg B.J., Witter F.R., Halden R.U., Patterson D.G., Panny S.R., Needham L.L., Goldman L.R. Birth delivery mode modifies the associations between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and neonatal thyroid hormone levels. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:1376-1382.
24. Herbstman J.B., Sjodin A., Kurzon M., Lederman S.A., Jones R.S., Rauh V., Needham L.L., Tang D., Niedzwiecki M., Wang R.Y., Perera F. Prenatal exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118(5):712-719.
25. Julander A., Karlsson M., Hagstrom K., Ohlson C.G., Engwall M., Bryngelsson I.L., Westberg H., van Bavel B. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers-plasma levels and thyroid status of workers at an electronic recycling facility. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 2005, 78:584-592.
26. Kodavanti P.R., Ward T.R., Ludewig G., Robertson L.W., Birnbaum L.S. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) effects in rat neuronal cultures: 14C-PBDE accumulation, biological effects, and structure-activity relationships. Toxicol. Sci. 2005, 88:181-192.
27. Kodavanti P.R., Coburn C.G., Moser V.C., MacPhail R.C., Fenton S.E., Stoker T.E., Rayner J.L., Kannan K., Birnbaum L.S. Developmental exposure to a commercial PBDE mixture, DE-71: neurobehavioral, hormonal, and reproductive effects. Toxicol. Sci. 2010, 116(1):297-312.
28. Krishnan K., Gagné M., Nong A., Aylward L.L., Hays S.M. Biomonitoring equivalents for triclosan. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2010, 58:10-17.
29. Krishnan K., Gagné M., Nong A., Aylward L.L., Hays S.M. Biomonitoring equivalents for bisphenol A (BPA). Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2010, 58:18-24.
30. Kuriyama S.N., Wanner A., Fidalgo-Neto A.A., Talsness C.E., Koerner W., Chahoud I. Developmental exposure to low-dose PBDE-99: tissue distribution and thyroid hormone levels. Toxicology 2007, 242:80-90.
31. LaKind J.S., Aylward L.L., Brunk C., DiZio S., Dourson M., Goldstein D.A., Kilpatrick M.E., Krewski D., Bartels M.J., Barton H.A., Boogaard P.J., Lipscomb J., Krishnan K., Nordberg M., Okino M., Tan Y.M., Viau C., Yager J.W., Hays S.M. Guidelines for the communication of biomonitoring equivalents: report from the biomonitoring equivalents expert workshop. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 51:S16-S26.
32. Mazdai A., Dodder N.G., Abernathy M.P., Hites R.A., Bigsby R.M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003, 111(9):1249-1252.
33. Meerts I.A., van Zanden J.J., Luijks E.A., van Leeuwen-Bol I., Marsh G., Jakobsson E., Bergman A., Brouwer A. Potent competitive interactions of some brominated flame retardants and related compounds with human transthyretin in vitro. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 56:95-104.
34. Meironyté D., Norén K., Bergman A. Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Swedish human milk. A time-related trend study, 1972-1997. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 1999, 58:329-341.
35. Mercado-Feliciano M., Bigsby R.M. Hydroxylated metabolites of the polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture DE-71 are weak estrogen receptor-alpha ligands. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:1315-1321.
36. National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS), 2007. Interim public health risk assessment of certain PBDE congeners. Australian Government Department of Health and Aging. Available from: (accessed 29.11.2010). http://www.nicnas.gov.au/publications/car/other/final%20interim%20report%20-%20march.pdf.
37. Roze E., Meijer L., Bakker A., Van Braeckel K.N., Sauer P.J., Bos A.F. Prenatal exposure to organohalogens, including brominated flame retardants, influences motor, cognitive, and behavioral performance at school age. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117:1953-1958.
38. Qiu X., Bigsby R.M., Hites R.A. Hydroxylated metabolites of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human blood samples from the United States. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117:93-98.
39. Sanders J.M., Burka L.T., Smith C.S., Black W., James R., Cunningham M.L. Differential expression of CYP1A, 2B, and 3A genes in the F344 rat following exposure to a polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture or individual components. Toxicol. Sci. 2005, 88:127-133.
40. Stapleton H.M., Kelly S.M., Pei R., Letcher R.J., Gunsch C. Metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by human hepatocytes in vitro. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117:197-202.
41. Staskal D.F., Diliberto J.J., Birnbaum L.S. Disposition of BDE 47 in developing mice. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 90:309-316.
42. Staskal D.F., Hakk H., Bauer D., Diliberto J.J., Birnbaum L.S. Toxicokinetics of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners 47, 99, 100, and 153 in mice. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 94:28-37.
43. Turyk M.E., Persky V.W., Imm P., Knobeloch L., Chatterton R., Anderson H.A. Hormone disruption by PBDEs in adult male sport fish consumers. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:1635-1641.
44. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 1998a. Guidelines for Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment. Federal Register 63, 26926-26954. Available online at: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/raf/rafguid.htm.
45. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 1998b. Health effects test guidelines: neurotoxicity screening battery. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC; OPPTS 870.6200; EPA 712-C-98-238.
46. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2008. Toxicological review of 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-99) (CAS No. 60348-60-9). In support of summary information on the integrated risk information system (IRIS). Washington, DC.
47. Verner M.A., Charbonneau M., Lopez-Carrillo L., Haddad S. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of persistent organic pollutants for lifetime exposure assessment: a new tool in breast cancer epidemiologic studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:886-892.
48. Viberg H., Fredriksson A., Eriksson P. Investigations of strain and/or gender differences in developmental neurotoxic effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in mice. Toxicol. Sci. 2004, 81:344-353.
49. Viberg H., Fredriksson A., Jakobsson E., Orn U., Eriksson P. Neurobehavioral derangements in adult mice receiving decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) during a defined period of neonatal brain development. Toxicol. Sci. 2003, 76:112-120.
50. Vijverberg H.P.M., van den Berg M. Letter to the editor. Toxicol. Sci. 2004, 79:205-206.
51. Williams A.L., DeSesso J.M. The potential of selected brominated flame retardants to affect neurological development. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 2010, 13(5):411-448.
52. Zoeller T.R., Dowling A.L., Herzig C.T., Iannacone E.A., Gauger K.J., Bansal R. Thyroid hormone, brain development and the environment. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002, 110:355-361.