Chlordiazepoxide and lavender oil alter unconditioned anxiety-induced c-fos expression in the rat brain

Behavioural Brain Research

Volumn 224, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-7

  Shaw, D ^a   Norwood, K ^a   Leslie, J C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anxiety; C fos expression; Chlordiazepoxide; Lavender oil

Indexed keywords

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; LAVENDER OIL; PROTEIN C FOS;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; BRAIN MAPPING; CENTRAL NUCLEUS (AMYGDALA); CONTROLLED STUDY; DORSOMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG EFFICACY; HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; IMMUNOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MALE; NONHUMAN; OPEN FIELD TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; RAT; TRANQUILIZING ACTIVITY;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS; BRAIN; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GROOMING; MALE; OILS, VOLATILE; PLANT OILS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-FOS; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY;

EID: 79958248099     PISSN: 01664328     EISSN: 18727549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.05.014     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. World Health Report. Mental health; new understanding, new hope. World Health Organisation 2001.
2. Alonso J., Angermeyer M.C., Bernert S., Bruffaerts R., Brugha I.S., Bryson H., et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004, 109:21-27.
3. Ennaceur A., Michalikova S., van Rensburg R., Chazot P.L. Are benzodiazepines really anxiolyticŽ Evidence from a 3D maze spatial navigation task. Behav Brain Res 2008, 188:136-153.
4. Voyer P., Roussel M.E., Berbiche D., Preville M. Effectively detect dependence on benzodiazepines among community-dwelling seniors by asking only two questions. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2010, 17:328-334.
5. Woods J.H., Katz J.L., Winger G. Abuse liability of benzodiazepine's. Pharmacol Rev 1987, 39:251-413.
6. Carlini E. Plants and the central nervous system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003, 75:501-512.
7. Kasper G., Gastpar M., Möller W.E., Volz H.P., Möller H.J., Dienel A., et al. Silexan, an orally administered lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of 'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2010, 25:277-287.
8. Kienzle-Horn S. Herbal medicines for neurological diseases. Curr Opin Invest Drugs 2002, 3:763-767.
9. Marder M., Paladini A.C. GABA(A)-receptor ligands of flavonoid structure. Curr Top Med Chem 2002, 2:853-867.
10. Newall C.A., Anderson L.A., Phillipson J.D. Herbal medicines: a guide for health-care professionals 1996, The Pharmaceutical Press, London.
11. Woelk H., Schlafke S. A multi-center, double-blind, randomised study of the Lavender oil preparation Silexan in comparison to Lorazepam for generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine 2010, 17:94-99.
12. Tisserand R. Lavender beats benzodiazepines. Int J Aromather 1998, 1:1-2.
13. Bradley B.F., Starkey N.J., Brown S.L., Lea R.W. Anxiolytic effects of Lavandula angustifolia odour on the Mongolian gerbil elevated plus maze. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 111:517-525.
14. Shaw D., Annett J.M., Doherty B., Leslie J.C. Anxiolytic effects of lavender oil inhalation on open-field behaviour in rats. Phytomedicine 2007, 14:613-620.
15. Umezu T., Nagano K., Ito H., Kosakai K., Sakaniwa M., Morita M. Anticonflict effects of lavender oil and identification of its active constituents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006, 85:713-721.
16. Umezu T. Behavioral effects of plant-derived essential oils in the Geller type conflict test in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 2000, 83:150-153.
17. De Almeida R.N., Motta S.C., Faturi C.B., Catallani B., Leite J.R. Anxiolytic-like effects of rose oil inhalation on the elevated plus-maze test in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004, 77:361-364.
18. Umezu T. Anticonflict effects of plant-derived essential oils. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999, 64:35-40.
19. Ceccarelli I., Lariviere W.R., Fiorenzani P., Sacerdote P., Aloisi A.M. Effects of long-term exposure of lemon essential oil odor on behavioral, hormonal and neuronal parameters in male and female rats. Brain Res 2004, 1001:78-86.
20. Komiya M., Takeuchi T., Harada E. Lemon oil vapor causes an anti-stress effect via modulating the 5-HT and DA activities in mice. Behav Brain Res 2006, 172:240-249.
21. Tsuchiya T., Tanida M., Uenoyama S., Nakayama Y., Ozawa T. Effects of olfactory stimulation on the sleep time induced by pentobarbital administration in mice. Brain Res Bull 1991, 26:397-401.
22. Carvalho-Freitas M.I.R., Costa M. Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. Biol Pharm Bull 2002, 25:1629-1633.
23. Faturi C.B., Leite J.R., Alves P.B., Canton A.C., Teixeira-Silva F. Anxiolytic-like effect of sweet orange aroma in Wistar rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010, 34:605-609.
24. Leite M.P., Fassin J., Baziloni E.M.F., Reinaldo N., Mattei R., Leite J.R. Behavioral effects of essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. inhalation in rats. J Pharmacogn 2008, 18:661-666.
25. Tanida M., Shen V., Niijima A., Yamatodani A., Oishi K., Ishida N., et al. Effects of olfactory stimulations with scents of grapefruit and lavender oils on renal sympathetic nerve and blood pressure in clock mutant mice. Auton Neurosci 2008, 139:1-8.
26. Beck C.H.M., Fibiger H.C. Chronic desipramine alters stress-induced behaviors and regional expression of the immediate-early gene, c-fos. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1995, 51:331-338.
27. Beck C.H.M., Fibiger H.C. Conditioned fear-induced changes in behavior and in the expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos - with and without diazepam pretreatment. J Neurosci 1995, 15:709-720.
28. Imaki T., Shibasaki T., Wang X.Q., Demura H. Intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist attenuates c-fos messenger-RNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus after stress. J Neuroendocrinol 1995, 61:445-452.
29. Imaki T., Wang X.Q., Shibasaki T., Harada S., Chikada N., Takahashi C., et al. Chlordiazepoxide attenuates stress-induced activation of neurons, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene transcription and CRF biosynthesis in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995, 32:261-270.
30. Hinks G.L., Brown P., Field M., Hinks G.L., Brown P., Field M., et al. The anxiolytics CI-988 and chlordiazepoxide fail to reduce immediate early gene mRNA stimulation following exposure to the rat-elevated X-maze. Eur J Pharmacol 1996, 312.
31. Davis M. Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear-potentiated startle. Am Psychol 2006, 61:741-756.
32. Ji J.Z., Maren S. Lesions of the entorhinal cortex or fornix disrupt the context-dependence of fear extinction in rats. Behav Brain Res 2008, 194:201-206.
33. Quirk G.J., Mueller D. Neural mechanisms of extinction learning and retrieval. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:56-72.
34. Hsu H.R., Chen T.Y., Chan M.H., Chen H.H. Acute effects of nicotine on restraint stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, c-Fos expression, and corticosterone release in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2007, 566:124-131.
35. Zaretskaia M.V., Zaretsky D.V., Sarkar S., Shekhar A., DiMicco J.A. Induction of Fos-immunoreactivity in the rat brain following disinhibition of the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Brian Res 2008, 1200:39-50.
36. Bueno C.H., Zangrossi H., Viana M.D. GABA/benzodiazepine receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus regulate both anxiety and panic-related defensive responses in the elevated T-maze. Brain Res Bull 2007, 74:134-141.
37. Jardim M.C., Aguiar D.C., Moreira F.A., Guimarães F.S. Role of glutamate ionotropic and benzodiazepine receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus on anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005, 82:182-189.
38. Salminen O., Lahtinen S., Ahtee L. Expression of Fos protein in various rat brain areas following acute nicotine and diazepam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996, 54:241-248.
39. Morgan J.I., Curran T. Inducible proto-oncogenes of the nervous system their contribution to transcription factors and neuroplasticity. Prog Brain Res 1990, 86:287-294.
40. Robertson H.A. Immediate early genes, neuronal plasticity, and memory. Biochem Cell Biol 1992, 70:729-737.
41. Drungalow M., Faull R. The use of c-fos as a metabolic marker in neuronal pathway tracing. J Neurosci Methods 1989, 29:261-265.
42. Daval J.L., Nakajima T., Gleiter C.H., Post R.M., Marangos P.J. Mouse-brain c-fos messenger-RNA distribution following a single electroconvulsive shock. J Neurochem 1989, 52:1954-1957.
43. Morgan J.I., Cohen D.R., Hempstead J.L., Curran T. Mapping patterns of c-fos expression in the central-nervous-system after seizure. Science 1987, 237:192-197.
44. Krukoff T.L., Morton T.L., Harris K.H., Jhamandas J.H. Expression of c-fos protein in rat-brain elicited by electrical-stimulation of the pontine parabrachial nucleus. J Neurosci 1992, 12:3582-3590.
45. Sandner G., Discala G., Rocha B., Angst M. c-fos immunoreactivity in the brain following unilateral electrical-stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray in freely moving rats. Brain Res 1992, 573:276-283.
46. Richard D., Rivest S., Rivier C. The 5-hydroxytryptamine agonist fenfluramine increases fos-like immunoreactivity in the brain. Brain Res 1992, 594:131-137.
47. Stone E.A., Zhang Y., John S.M., Bing G. c-fos response to administration of catecholamines into brain by microdialysis. Neurosci Lett 1991, 133:33-35.
48. Mack K.J., Mack P.A. Induction of transcription factors in somatosensory cortex after tactile stimulation. Mol Brain Res 1992, 12:141-147.
49. Rosen K.M., McCormackt A.M., Villa-Komarofft L., Mowert G.D. Brief visual experience induces immediate early gene expression in the cat visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Neurobiol 1992, 89:5437-5441.
50. Li B.H., Spector A.C., Rowland N.E. Reversal of dexfenfluramine-induced anorexia and c-fos c-jun expression by lesion in the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Brain Res 1994, 640:255-267.
51. Hitzemann B., Hitzemann R. Chlordiazepoxide-induced expression of c-fos in the central extended amygdala and other brain regions of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains: relationships to mechanisms of ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999, 23:1158-1172.
52. Day H.E.W., Badiani A., Uslaner J.M., Oates M.M., Vittoz N.M., Robinson T.E., et al. Environmental novelty differentially affects c-fos mRNA expression induced by amphetamine or cocaine in subregions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala. J Neurosci 2001, 21:732-740.
53. Bozas E., Tritos N., Phillipidis H., Stylianopoulou F. At least three neurotransmitter systems mediate a stress-induced increase in c-fos mRNA in different rat brain areas. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1997, 17:157-169.
54. Campeau S., Falls W.A., Cullinan W.E., Helmreich D.L., Davis M., Watson S.J. Elicitation and reduction of fear: behavioural and neuroendocrine indices and brain induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos. Neuroscience 1997, 78:1087-1104.
55. Pezzone M.A., Lee W.S., Hoffman G.E., Rabin B.S. Induction of c-fos immunoreactivity in the rat forebrain by conditioned and unconditioned aversive stimuli. Brain Res 1992, 597:41-50.
56. Buller K.M., Crane J.W., Day T.A., Dayas C.V., Xu Y. Stressor categorization: acute physical and psychological stressors elicit distinctive recruitment patterns in the amygdala and in medullary noradrenergic cell groups. Eur J Neurosci 2001, 14:1143-1152.
57. Imaki T., Shibasaki T., Hotta M., Demura H. Intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor induces c-fos messenger-RNA expression in brain-regions related to stress responses - comparison with pattern of c-fos messenger-RNA induction after stress. Brain Res 1993, 616:114-125.
58. Kubo T., Okatani H., Nishigori Y., Hagiwara Y., Fukumori R., Goshima Y. Involvement of the medial amygdaloid nucleus in restraint stress-induced pressor responses in rats. Neurosci Lett 2004, 354:84-86.
59. Johnson P.L., Shekhar A. Panic-prone state induced in rats with GABA dysfunction in the dorsomedial hypothalamus is mediated by NMDA receptors. J Neurosci 2006, 26:7093-7104.
60. Linden A.M., Greene S.J., Bergeron M., Shoepp D.D. Anxiolytic activity of the MGLU2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 on the elevated plus maze is associated with the suppression of stress-induced c-fos in the hippocampus and increases in c-fos induction in several other stress-sensitive brain regions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:502-513.
61. Hale M.W., Bouwknecht J.A., Spiga F., Shekhar A., Lowry C.A. Exposure to high- and low-light conditions in an open-field test of anxiety increases c-fos expression in specific subdivisions of the rat basolateral amygdaloid complex. Brain Res Bull 2006, 71:174-182.
62. Wislowska-Stanek A., Zienowicz M., Lehner M., Taracha E., Bidzinski A., Maciejak P., et al. Buspirone attenuates conditioned fear-induced c-Fos expression in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2005, 389:115-120.
63. Bechtholt A.J., Valentino R.J., Lucki I. Overlapping and distinct brain regions associated with the anxiolytic effects of chlordiazepoxide and chronic fluoxetine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:2117-2130.
64. Singewald N., Sharp T. Neuroanatomical targets of anxiogenic drugs in the hindbrain as revealed by Fos immunocytochemistry. J Neurosci 2000, 98:759-770.
65. Prut L., Belzung C. The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. Eur J Pharmacol 2003, 463:3-33.
66. Angrini M., Leslie J.C., Shephard R.A. Effects of propranolol, buspirone, pCPA, reserpine, and chlordiazepoxide on open-field behaviour. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1998, 59:387-397.
67. Paxinos G., Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Second Edition 1986, Academic Press, New York.
68. Hale M.W., Hay-Schmidt A., Mikkelsen J.D., Poulsen B., Bouwknecht J.A., Evans A.K., et al. Exposure to an open-field arena increases c-fos expression in a subpopulation of neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, including neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdaloid complex. J Neurosci 2008, 157:733-748.
69. Hale M.W., Hay-Schmidt A., Mikkelsen J.D., Poulsen B., Shekhar A., Lowry C.A. Exposure to an open-field arena increases c-Fos expression in a distributed anxiety-related system projecting to the basolateral amygdaloid complex. J Neurosci 2008, 155:659-672.
70. Merchenthaler I., Vigh S., Petrusz P., Schally A.V. Immuno-cytochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) in the rat-brain. Am J Anat 1982, 165:385-396.
71. Dunn A.J., Berridge C.W. Physiological and behavioural-responses to corticotrophin-releasing factor administration - is CRF a mediator of anxiety or stress responsesŽ. Brain Res Rev 1990, 15:71-100.
72. Bruni G., Dalpra P., Dotti M.T., Serge G. Plasma ACTH and cortisol-levels in benzodiazepine treated rats. Pharmacol Res Commun 1980, 12:163-175.
73. Kalogeras K.T., Calogero A.E., Kuribayiashi T., Khan I., Gallucci W.T., Kling M.A., et al. In vitro and in vivo effects of the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function - pharmacological and clinical implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990, 70:1462-1471.
74. Plotsky P.M., Otto S., Sutton S. Neurotransmitter modulation of corticotropin releasing-factor secretion into the hypophyseal-portal circulation. Life Sci 1987, 41:1311-1317.
75. Kung J.C., Chen T.C., Shyu B.C., Hsiao S., Huang A.C.W. Anxiety- and depressive-like responses and c-fos activity in preproenkephalin knockout mice: oversensitivity hypothesis of enkephalin deficit-induced posttraumatic stress disorder. J Biomed Sci 2010, 17:1-14.
76. Dunn A.J., Swiergiel A.H., Palamarchouk V. Brain circuits involved in corticotropin-releasing factor-norepinephrine interactions during stress. Stress: Curr Neuroendocr Genet Approaches 2004, 1018:34-35.
77. De Almeida E.R., Rafael K.R.D., Couto G.B.L., Ishigami A.B.M. Anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects on mice of flavonoids, linalool, and alpha-tocopherol presents in the extract of leaves of Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae). J Biomed Biotechnol 2009, 10.1155/2009/274740.
78. Cline M., Taylor J.E., Flores J., Bracken S., McCall S., Ceremuga T.E. Investigation of the anxiolytic effects of linalool, a lavender extract, in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. AANA J 2008, 76:47-52.