How close do we live to water? a global analysis of population distance to freshwater bodies

PLoS ONE

Volumn 6, Issue 6, 2011, Pages

  Kummu, Matti ^a   de Moel, Hans ^b   Ward, Philip J ^b   Varis, Olli ^a  

^a AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FRESH WATER;

ARTICLE; ASIA; AUSTRALIA; CLIMATE; EUROPE; FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION DENSITY; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; URBAN AREA; WATER SUPPLY; ADAPTATION; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; STATISTICS;

ADAPTATION, BIOLOGICAL; CLIMATE; FRESH WATER; HUMANS; INTERNATIONALITY; POPULATION DENSITY; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 79958110932     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020578     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. McCool SF, Clark RN, Stankey GH, (2008) Water and people: Challenges at the interface of symbolic and utilitarian values Portland OR United States Department of Agriculture.
2. Klein Goldewijk K, Beusen A, Janssen P, (2010) Long-term dynamic modeling of global population and built-up area in a spatially explicit way: HYDE 3.1. The Holocene 20: 565-573.
3. United Nations (2008) World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. United Nations Population Division, New York.
4. United Nations (2010) World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/.
5. Biswas AK, (1970) History of hydrology Amsterdam, London North-Holland Publishing Company pp. xii, 336.
6. Varis O, Biswas A, Tortajada C, Lundqvist J, (2006) Megacities and water management. International Journal of Water Resources Development 22: 377-394.
7. Zhou Y, Tol RSJ, (2005) Evaluating the costs of desalination and water transport. Water Resources Research 41: W03003.
8. WHO, UNICEF (2010) Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water: 2010 update. World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF: Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.
9. Ward PJ, Strzepek KM, Pauw WP, Brander LM, Hughes GA, et al. (2010) Partial costs of global climate change adaptation for the supply of raw industrial and municipal water: a methodology and application. Environmental Research Letters 5: 044011.
10. Nikula J, (2008) Is harm and destruction all that floods bring? In: Kummu M, Keskinen M, Varis O, editors. Modern Myths of the Mekong- A Critical Review of Water and Development Concepts, Principles and Policies: Water & Development Publications- Helsinki University of Technology Finland pp. 27-38.
11. Kummu M, Varis O, (2011) The World by latitudes: a global analysis of human population, development level and environment across the north-south axis over the past half century. Applied geography 31: 495-507.
12. World Bank (2009) World Development Report 2009. The World Bank, Washington DC.
13. LandScanTM (2007) Global Population Database for 2007 Oak Ridge, TN Oak Ridge National Laboratory Available at http://www.ornl.gov/landscan/.
14. Alcamo J, Flörke M, Märker M, (2007) Future long-term changes in global water resources driven by socio-economic and climatic changes. Hydrological Sciences Journal 52: 247-275.
15. Oki T, Kanae S, (2006) Global Hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources. Science 313: 1068-1072.
16. Vörösmarty CJ, Green P, Salisbury J, Lammers RB, (2000) Global Water Resources: Vulnerability from Climate Change and Population Growth. Science 289: 284-288.
17. Kummu M, Ward PJ, De Moel H, Varis O, (2010) Is physical water scarcity a new phenomenon? Global assessment of water shortage over the last two millennia. Environmental Research Letters 5: 034006.
18. IPCC (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
19. CIESIN & CIAT (2009) Gridded Population of the World (GPW), Version 3. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Available at: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw.
20. Small C, Nicholls J, (2003) A Global Analysis of Human Settlement in Coastal Zones. Journal of Coastal Research 19: 584-599.
21. Small C, Naumann T, (2002) The global distribution of human population and recent volcanism. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards 3: 93-109.
22. Gary WL, (2007) A review of the relationships between human population density and biodiversity. Biological Reviews 82: 607-645.
23. Potere D, Schneider A, Schlomo A, Civco D, (2009) Mapping urban areas on a global scale: which of the eight maps now available is more accurate? International Journal of Remote Sensing 30: 6531-6558.
24. Schneider A, Friedl MA, Potere D, (2009) A new map of global urban extent from MODIS data. Environmental Research Letters 4: 044003.
25. CIESIN & CIAT (2009) Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP). Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Available at: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw.
26. USGS (2001) Rivers of the World. Part of Global GIS Database by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/globalgis/.
27. McCorriston J, Hole F, (1991) The Ecology of Seasonal Stress and the Origins of Agriculture in the Near East. American Anthropologist 93: 46-69.
28. Lehner B, Döll P, (2004) Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands. Journal of Hydrology 296: 1-22.
29. World Data Bank II (1980) Global river network. CIA, U.S. government. Available online at http://www.evl.uic.edu/pape/data/WDB/.
30. Lehner B, Verdin K, Jarvis A, (2008) New global hydrograhy derived from spaceborne elevation data. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union 89: 93-94.
31. Shah T, Burke J, Villholth K, Angelica M, Custodio E, et al. (2007) Groundwater: a global assessment of scale and significance. In: Molden D, editors. pp. 395-423 Water for Food, Water for Life London: Earthscan; and Colombo: International Water Management Institute.
32. Siebert S, Burke J, Faures JM, Frenken K, Hoogeveen J, et al. (2010) Groundwater use for irrigation - a global inventory. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14: 1863-1880.
33. United Nations (2000) United Nations World Macro Regions and Components. UN Map Library: United Nation (UN): http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/worldregions.htm, accessed December 2009.
34. Cai X, Rosegrant M, (2002) Global water demand and supply projections. Part 1: A modeling approach. Water International 27: 159-169.
35. De Fraiture C, (2007) Integrated water and food analysis at the global and basin level. An application of WATERSIM. Water Resources Management 21: 185-198.
36. Rosegrant M, Cai X, Cline S, (2002) World Water and Food to 2025. Dealing with Scarcity Washington DC, USA International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
37. Rubel F, Kottek M, (2010) Observed and projected climate shifts 1901-2100 depicted by world maps of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 19: 135-141.
38. Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A, (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978.
39. Trabucco A, Zomer RJ, (2009) Global Aridity Index (Global-Aridity) and Global Potential Evapo-Transpiration (Global-PET) Geospatial Database. CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information. Published online, available from the CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal at:http://www.csi.cgiar.org/.
40. Kirshen P, (2007) Adaptation options and cost in water supply. Report to the UNFCCC Secretariat Financial and Technical Support Division (available online at http://unfccc.int/files/cooperation_and_support/financial_mechanism/application/pdf/kirshen.pdf).
41. Dettinger MD, Diaz HF, (2000) Global characteristics of streamflow seasonality and variability. Journal of Hydrometeorology 1: 289-310.
42. Rosenzweig C, Hillel D, (2008) Climate variability and the global harvest. Impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation on agroecosystems Oxford, UK Oxford University Press.
43. Ward PJ, Beets W, Bouwer LM, Aerts JCJH, Renssen H, (2010) Sensitivity of river discharge to ENSO. Geophysical Research Letters 37: L12402.
44. Gleick PH, Cooley H, Morikawa M, (2008) The World's Water 2008-2009: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources: Island Press.
45. USGS (2001) Administrative boundaries. Part of Global GIS Database by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/globalgis/.