Mapping urban areas on a global scale: Which of the eight maps now available is more accurate?

International Journal of Remote Sensing

Volumn 30, Issue 24, 2009, Pages 6531-6558

  Potere, David ^a   Schneider, Annemarie ^b   Angel, Shlomo ^c   Civco, Daniel L ^d  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^c NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

REMOTE SENSING; SENSORS;

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ACCURACY MEASURES; GOOGLE EARTHS; HIGH RESOLUTION; IMPERVIOUS SURFACE AREA; NIGHT TIME LIGHTS; SPATIAL SCALE; STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLE;

URBAN GROWTH;

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE RESOLUTION; LANDSAT; MAPPING METHOD; MODEL VALIDATION; MODIS; URBAN AREA;

EID: 70450268046     PISSN: 01431161     EISSN: 13665901     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01431160903121134     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. ALLOUCHE, O., TSOAR, A. and KADMON, R., 2006, Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models: prevalence, kappa and the true skill statistic (TSS). Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, pp. 1223-1232.
2. ANGEL, S., SHEPPARD, S.C. and CIVCO, D.L., 2005, The Dynamics of Global Urban Expansion (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank). Available online at http://www.worldbank.org/urban (accessed 28 February 2009).
3. ARINO, O., GROSS, D., RANERA, F., BOURG, L., LEROY, M., BICHERON, P., LATHAM, J., DI GREGORIO, A., BROCKMAN, C., WITT, R., DEFOURNY, P., VANCUTSEM, C., HEROLD, M., SAMBALE, J., ACHARD, F., DURIEUX, L., PLUMMER, S. and WEBER, J.L., 2007, GlobCover: ESA service for global land cover from MERIS. In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 23-28 July 2007, Barcelona, Spain. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423328.
4. BARTHOLOME, E. and BELWARD, A.S., 2005, GLC2000: A new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, pp. 1959-1977.
5. BHADURI, B., BRIGHT, E., COLEMAN, P. and DOBSON, J., 2002, LandScan: locating people is what matters. Geoinfomatics, 5, pp. 34-37.
6. CIESIN (CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATION NETWORK), 2004, Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), Alpha Version: Urban Extents. Available online at: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw (accessed 28 February 2009).
7. COHEN, B., 2004, Urban growth in developing countries: A review of current trends and a caution regarding existing forecasts. World Development, 32, pp. 23-51.
8. COHEN, J., 1960, A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, pp. 37-46.
9. CONGALTON, R.G. and GREEN, K., 1999, Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principals and Practices (New York: CRC Press).
10. DANKO, D.M., 1992, The Digital Chart of the World Project. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 58, 1125-1128.
11. DYE, C., 2008, Health and urban living. Science, 319, pp. 766-769.
12. ELLIS, E.C. and RAMANKUTTY, N., 2008, Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6, pp. 439-447.
13. ELVIDGE, C., IMHOFF, M.L., BAUGH, K.E., HOBSON, V.R., NELSON, I., SAFRAN, J., DIETZ, J.B. and TUTTLE, B.T., 2001, Nighttime lights of the world: 1994-95. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 56, pp. 81-99.
14. ELVIDGE, C., TUTTLE, B.T., SUTTON, P.C., BAUGH, K.E., HOWARD, A.T., MILESI, C., BHADURI, B.L., and NEMANI, R., 2007, Global distribution and density of constructed impervious surfaces. Sensors, 7, pp. 1962-1979.
15. ESA (EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY), 2008, GlobCover Products Description and Validation Report. Available online at ftp://uranus.esrin.esa.int/pub/globcover_v2/global/GLOBCOVER_Products_Description_Validation_Report_I2.1.pdf (accessed 28 February 2009).
16. FOLEY, J.A., DEFRIES, R., ASNER, G.P., BARFORD, C., BONAN, G., CARPENTER, S.R., CHAPIN, F.S., COE, M.T., DAILY, G.C., GIBBS, H.K., HELKOWSKI, J.H., HOLLOWAY, T., HOWARD, E.A., KUCHARIK, C.J., MONFREDA, C., PATZ, J.A., PRENTICE, I.C., RAMANKUTTY, N. and SYDER, P.K., 2005, Global consequences of land use. Science, 309, pp. 570-574.
17. FOODY, G.M., 2006, What is the difference between two maps? A remote senser's view. Journal of Geographical Systems, 8, pp. 119-130.
18. FOODY, G.M., 2007, Map comparison in GIS. Progress in Physical Geography, 31, pp. 439-445.
19. GIRI, C., ZHU, Z.L. and REED, B., 2005, A comparative analysis of the Global Land Cover 2000 and MODIS land cover data sets. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 94, pp. 123-132.
20. GOLDEWIJK, K., 2001, Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: the HYDE database. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15, pp. 417-434.
21. GOLDEWIJK, K., 2005, Three centuries of global population growth: A spatially referenced popula- tion density database for 1700-2000. Population and Environment, 26, pp. 343-367.
22. GRIMM, N.B., FAETH, S.H., GOLUBIEWSKI, N.E., REDMAN, C.L., WU, J., BAI, X. and BRIGGS, J.M., 2008, Global change and the ecology of cities. Science, 319, pp. 756-760.
23. HANSEN, M.C., DEFRIES, R.S., TOWNSEND, R.G. and SOHLBERG, R., 2000, Global land cover classification at 1 km spatial resolution using a classification tree approach. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, pp. 1331-1364.
24. HENDERSON, M., YEH, E.T., GONG, P., ELVIDGE, C. and BAUGH, K., 2003, Validation of urban boundaries derived from global night-time satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24, pp. 595-609.
25. HEROLD, M., MAYAUX, P., WOODCOCK, C.E., BACCINI, A. and SCHMULLIUS, C., 2008, Some challenges in global land cover mapping: An assessment of agreement and accuracy in existing 1 km datasets. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 112, pp. 2538-2556.
26. IMHOFF, M.L., LAWRENCE, W.T., STUTZER, D.C. and ELVIDGE, C.D., 1997, A technique for using composite DMSP/OLS "City Lights" satellite data to accurately map urban areas. Remote Sensing of Environment, 61, pp. 361-370.
27. JENSEN, J.R. and COWEN, D.C., 1999, Remote sensing of urban/suburban infrastructure and socio-economic attributes. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 65, pp. 611-622.
28. JUNG, M., HENKEL, K., HEROLD, M. and CHURKINA, G., 2006, Exploiting synergies of global land cover products for carbon cycle modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment, 101, pp. 534-553.
29. LOVELAND, T.R., REED, B.C., BROWN, J.F., OHLEN, D.O., ZHU, J., YANG, L. and MERCHANT, J.W., 2000, Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1-km AVHRR data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, pp. 1303-1330.
30. MAYAUX, P., EVA, H., GALLEGO, J., STRAHLER, A.H., HEROLD, M., AGRAWAL, S., NAUMOV, S., DE MIRANDA, E., DI BELLA, C., ORDOYNE, C., KOPIN, Y. and ROY, P., 2006, Validation of the Global Land Cover 2000 map. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44, pp. 1728-1739.
31. MCCALLUM, I., OBERSTEINER, M., NILSSON, S. and SHVIDENKO, A., 2006, A spatial comparison of four satellite derived 1 km global land cover datasets. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 8, pp. 246-255.
32. MONTGOMERY, M., STREN, R., COHEN, B. and REED, H., 2003, Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World (Washington D.C.: National Academies Press).
33. NGDC (NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL DATA CENTER), 2007, Nighttime Lights data. Available online at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/download.html (accessed 28 February 2009).
34. OZDOGAN, M. and WOODCOCK, C.E., 2006, Resolution dependent errors in remote sensing of cultivated areas. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 103, pp. 203-217.
35. PATZ, J.A., CAMPBELL-LENDRUM, D., HOLLOWAY, T. and FOLEY, J.A, 2005, Impact of regional climate change on human health. Nature, 438, pp. 310-317.
36. POTERE, D., 2008, Horizontal positional accuracy of Google Earth's high-resolution imagery archive. Sensors, 8, pp. 7973-7981.
37. POTERE, D. and SCHNEIDER, A., 2007, A critical look at representations of urban areas in global maps. GeoJournal, 69, pp. 55-80.
38. RIDD, M.K., 1995, Exploring a V-I-S (Vegetation-impervious surface-soil) model for urban ecosystem analysis through remote sensing - comparative anatomy for cities. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 16, pp. 2165-2185.
39. SAHR, K., WHITE, D. and KIMERLING, A., 2003, Geodesic discrete global grid systems. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 30, pp. 121-134.
40. SCHNEIDER, A., FRIEDL, M.A., MCIVER, D.K. and WOODCOCK, C.E., 2003, Mapping urban areas by fusing multiple sources of coarse resolution remotely sensed data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 69, pp. 1377-1386.
41. SCHNEIDER, A., FRIEDL, M.A. and POTERE, D., 2009a, A new map of global urban extent from MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment, in press.
42. SCHNEIDER, A., FRIEDL, M.A. and POTERE, D., 2009b, Monitoring urban areas globally using MODIS 500m data: New methods based on 'Urban Ecoregions'. Remote Sensing of Environment, in review.
43. SCHNEIDER, A. and WOODCOCK, C.E., 2008, Compact, dispersed, fragmented, extensive? A comparison of urban expansion in twenty-five global cities using remotely sensed data, pattern metrics and census information. Urban Studies, 45, pp. 659-692.
44. SEE, L.M. and FRITZ, S., 2006, A method to compare and improve land cover datasets: Application to the GLC-2000 and MODIS land cover products. IEEE Transactions in Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44, pp. 1740-1746.
45. SMALL, C., 2003, High spatial resolution spectral mixture analysis of urban reflectance. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 88, pp. 170-186.
46. SMALL, C., 2005, A global analysis of urban reflectance. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, pp. 661-681.
47. STRAHLER, A.H., BOSCHETTI, L., FOODY, G., FRIEDL, M., HANSEN, M., HEROLD, M., MAYAUX, P., MORISETTE, J., STEHMAN, S. and WOODCOCK, C., 2006, Global land cover validation: recommendations for evaluation and accuracy assessment of global land cover maps. Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC-GOLD) Report No. 25. Available online at http://landval.gsfc.nasa.gov/pdf/GlobalLandCover Validation.pdf (accessed 28 February 2009).
48. TATEM, A.J., NOOR, A.M. and HAY, S.I., 2005, Assessing the accuracy of satellite derived global and national urban maps in Kenya. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 96, pp. 87-97.
49. TUCKER, C.J., GRANT, D.M. and DYKSTRA, J.D., 2004, NASA's global orthorectified Landsat data set. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 70, pp. 313-322.
50. UNITED NATIONS, 2008, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division). Available online at http://esa.u- n.org/unup/ (accessed 28 February 2009).
51. VOGELMANN, J.E., HOWARD, S.M., YANG, L., LARSON, C.R., WYLIE, B.K. and VAN DRIEL, N., 2001, Completion of the 1990s National Land Cover Data set for the coterminous United States from Landsat Thematic Mapper data and ancillary data sources. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 67, pp. 650-662.
52. WORLD BANK, 2008, World Development Indicators. Available online at http://econ.world bank.org (accessed 28 February 2009).
53. YANG, L., HUANGE, C., HOMER, C., WYLIE, B. and COAN, M., 2003, An approach for mapping large-are impervious surfaces: Synergistic use of Landsat 7 ETM{thorn} and high spatial resolution imagery. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, pp. 230-240.