Drug-resistant tuberculosis: Pediatric guidelines

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 501-505

  Al Dabbagh, Mona ^a,b   Lapphra, Keswadee ^a,c   McGloin, Rumi ^d   Inrig, Kelsey ^a   Schaaf, H Simon ^e   Marais, Ben J ^e   Sauve, Laura ^a   Kitai, Ian ^f   Kollmann, Tobias R ^a,g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b KING SAUD BIN ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES   (Saudi Arabia)

^c MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^d CHILDREN S AND WOMEN S HEALTH CENTRE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^e STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^f HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^g CFRI A5 147 ^*  (Canada)

Author keywords

drug resistance; guidelines; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; therapy

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMINOSALICYLIC ACID; CIPROFLOXACIN; CYCLOSERINE; ETHAMBUTOL; ETHIONAMIDE; GATIFLOXACIN; ISONIAZID; KANAMYCIN; LIVER ENZYME; OFLOXACIN; ONDANSETRON; PYRAZINAMIDE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; STREPTOMYCIN; TERIZIDONE; TUBERACTINOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSGLYCEMIA; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; HEARING DISORDER; HEPATOMEGALY; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; JAUNDICE; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER TENDERNESS; LIVER TOXICITY; METABOLIC DISORDER; MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; OPTIC NEURITIS; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUBERCULIN TEST; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VESTIBULAR DISORDER; VOMITING;

EID: 79957998404     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: 15320987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31820b583d     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Curry FJ. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Survival Guide for Clinicians. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: National Tuberculosis Center; 2008. Available at: http://www.nationaltbcenter.edu/drtb. Cited June 25, 2010.
2. Jain A, Dixit P. Multidrug-resistant to extensively drug resistant tuberculosis: what is next? J Biosci. 2008;33:605-616.
3. Raviglione MC, Smith IM. XDR tuberculosis-implications for global public health. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:656-659.
4. Sotgiu G, Ferrara G, Matteelli A, et al. Epidemiology and clinical management of XDR-TB: a systematic review by TBNET. Eur Respir J. 2009;33: 871-881.
5. Caminero JA. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: evidence and controversies. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:829-873.
6. Marais BJ, Schaaf HS, Donald PR. Pediatric TB: issues related to current and future treatment options. Future Microbiol. 2009;4:661-675.
7. Schaaf HS, Marais BJ, Hesseling AC, et al. Childhood drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Acta Paediatr. 2006;95:523-528. (Pubitemid 43791572)
8. Kitai I, Malloy P. A clinical approach to paediatric tuberculosis in Canada. Paediatr Child Health. 2003;8:162-170. (Pubitemid 36628699)
9. Marais BJ. Childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;634:129-146.
10. Marais BJ. Advances in the clinical diagnosis of TB in children. Pediatr Res. 2008;63:116.
11. Marais BJ. Childhood tuberculosis-risk assessment and diagnosis. S Afr Med J. 2007;97(10 pt 2):978-982.
12. Marais BJ, Pai M. New approaches and emerging technologies in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2007;8:124-133. (Pubitemid 46900102)
13. Marais BJ, Pai M. Specimen collection methods in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2006;24:249-251. (Pubitemid 46033974)
14. Marais BJ. Does finding M. Tuberculosis in sputum always equal tuberculosis disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:195-197.
15. Greenaway C, Sandoe A, Vissandjee B, et al. Tuberculosis: evidence review for newly arriving immigrants and refugees. CMAJ. 2010 Jul 15.-Epub ahead of print-.
16. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, et al. Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: old wisdom and new challenges. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173: 1078-1090. (Pubitemid 43726888)
17. Marais BJ. Tuberculosis in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008;43:322-329. (Pubitemid 351544040)
18. Phongsamart W, Kitai I, Gardam M, et al. A population-based study of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in Ontario. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:416-419.
19. Warren RM, Streicher EM, Gey van Pittius NC, et al. The clinical relevance of mycobacterial pharmacogenetics. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2009;89:199-202.
20. Schaaf HS, Victor TC, Engelke E, et al. Minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;26:203-205.
21. van Helden PD, Donald PR, Victor TC, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis: an international perspective. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2006;4:759-766. (Pubitemid 44890616)
22. Kim HR, Hwang SS, Kim HJ, et al. Impact of extensive drug resistance on treatment outcomes in non-HIV-infected patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1290-1295.
23. Van Deun A, Martin A, Palomino JC. Diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis: reliability and rapidity of detection. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;14: 131-140.
24. Zar HJ, Connell TG, Nicol M. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: new advances. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8:277-288.
25. Jacobson KR, Tierney DB, Jeon CY, et al. Treatment outcomes among patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51:6-14.
26. Migliori GB, D'Arcy Richardson M, Sotgiu G, et al. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in the West. Europe and United States: epidemiology, surveillance, and control. Clin Chest Med. 2009;30: 637-665.
27. Kim SJ. Drug-susceptibility testing in tuberculosis: methods and reliability of results. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:564-569. (Pubitemid 40331189)
28. Starke JR. Pediatric tuberculosis: time for a new approach. Tuberculosis. 2003;83:208-212. (Pubitemid 36683573)
29. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/ publications/2006/9241546956-eng.pdf. Cited July 4, 2010.
30. Donald PR. The assessment of new anti-tuberculosis drugs for a paediatric indication. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007;11:1162-1165. (Pubitemid 350146295)
31. Donald PR, Diacon AH. The early bactericidal activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs: a literature review. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2008;88(suppl 1):S75-S83.
32. Donald PR. The early bactericidal activity of anti-tuberculosis agents. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:591. (Pubitemid 43845017)
33. Pickering L, ed. Tuberculosis. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Kimberlin DW, et al, eds. Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 28th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009.
34. Schaaf HS, Parkin DP, Seifart HI, et al. Isoniazid pharmacokinetics in children treated for respiratory tuberculosis. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:614-618. (Pubitemid 40780724)
35. McIlleron H, Willemse M, Werely CJ, et al. Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of South African children with tuberculosis: implications for international pediatric dosing guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1547-1553.
36. Chiang CY, Schaaf HS. Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;14:672-682.
37. World Health Organization. World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Programme. Global Tuberculosis Control. 1997. Available at: http:// whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1997/WHO-TB-97.225-(part1).pdf. Cited July 4, 2010.
38. World Health Organization. 2007-2008 XDR & MDR Tuberculosis Global Response Plan. 2007. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/challenges/xdr/ xdr-mdr-factsheet-2007-en.pdf. Cited July 4, 2010.
39. Onozaki I, Raviglione M. Stopping tuberculosis in the 21st century: goals and strategies. Respirology. 2010;15:32-43.
40. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control 2009: surveillance, planning, financing. 2009. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/ publications/ global-report/2008/en/index.html Cited July 4, 2010.
41. World Health Organization. Stop TB Strategy: building on and enhancing DOTS to meet the TB-related Millennium Development Goals. 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO-HTM-STB-2006.368-eng. pdf. Cited July 4, 2010.
42. Moniruzzaman A, Elwood RK, Schulzer M, et al. A population-based study of risk factors for drug-resistant TB in British Columbia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:631-638. (Pubitemid 43845024)
43. Moniruzzaman A, Elwood RK, Schulzer M, et al. Impact of country of origin on drug-resistant tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in British Columbia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:844-850. (Pubitemid 44197843)
44. Mitrzyk BM. Treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and role of the pharmacist. Pharmacotherapy. 2008;28:1243-1254.
45. Frydenberg AR, Graham SM. Toxicity of first-line drugs for treatment of tuberculosis in children: review. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14:1329-1337.
46. Ormerod LP, Skinner C, Wales J. Hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs. Thorax. 1996;51:111-113. (Pubitemid 26058148)
47. Askgaard DS, Wilcke T, Dossing M. Hepatotoxicity caused by the combined action of isoniazid and rifampicin. Thorax. 1995;50:213-214.
48. Burkhardt JE, Walterspiel JN, Schaad UB. Quinolone arthropathy in animals versus children. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:1196-1204. (Pubitemid 27513209)
49. Velissariou IM. The use of fluoroquinolones in children: recent advances. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2006;4:853-860. (Pubitemid 44890623)
50. Donald PR, Schaaf HS. Old and new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis in children. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2007;8:134-141. (Pubitemid 46893988)
51. Lienhardt C, Vernon A, Raviglione MC. New drugs and new regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis: review of the drug development pipeline and implications for national programmes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010;16:186-193.
52. Dartois V, Barry CE. Clinical pharmacology and lesion penetrating properties of second-and third-line antituberculous agents used in the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2010;5:96-114.
53. Riccardi G, Pasca MR, Buroni S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: drug resistance and future perspectives. Future Microbiol. 2009;4:597-614.
54. Donald PR, Maher D, Maritz JS, et al. Ethambutol dosage for the treatment of children: literature review and recommendations. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:1318-1330. (Pubitemid 44929444)
55. Drobac PC, Mukherjee JS, Joseph JK, et al. Community-based therapy for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Pediatrics. 2006;117:2022-2029. (Pubitemid 46071247)
56. Feja K, McNelley E, Tran CS, et al. Management of pediatric multidrugresistant tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infections in New York City from 1995 to 2003. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:907-912.
57. Mukherjee JS, Joseph JK, Rich ML, et al. Clinical and programmatic considerations in the treatment of MDR-TB in children: a series of 16 patients from Lima, Peru. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7:637-644. (Pubitemid 36806858)
58. Cilliers K, Labadarios D, Schaaf HS, et al. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99:705-710.
59. Peloquin CA. Therapeutic drug monitoring in the treatment of tuberculosis. Drugs. 2002;62:2169-2183. (Pubitemid 35252827)
60. Long R, Avendano M, Whitehead L. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Canadian Tuberculosis Standards. 2007. Available at: http://www.lung.ca/ctssct/ pdf/tbstand07-e.pdf. Cited October 23, 2010.
61. Schaaf HS, Moll AP, Dheda K. Multidrug-and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa and South America: epidemiology, diagnosis and management in adults and children. Clin Chest Med. 2009;30:667-683.
62. Donald PR. The treatment of tuberculosis in childhood. S Afr Med J. 2007;97(10 pt 2):992-994. (Pubitemid 350027956)
63. Swanson DS, Starke JR. Drug-resistant tuberculosis in pediatrics. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1995;42:553-581.
64. Schaaf HS, Willemse M, Donald PR. Long-term linezolid treatment in a young child with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:748-750.
65. Marais BJ, Ayles H, Graham SM, et al. Screening and preventive therapy for tuberculosis. Clin Chest Med. 2009;30:827-846.
66. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, et al. The spectrum of disease in children treated for tuberculosis in a highly endemic area. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:732-738. (Pubitemid 44031385)
67. Marais BJ, Schaaf HS, Gie RP, et al. TB contact screening: which way to go? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009;13:1576-1577; author reply 1577-1578.
68. Schaaf HS, Gie RP, Kennedy M, et al. Evaluation of young children in contact with adult multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a 30-month follow-up. Pediatrics. 2002;109:765-771. (Pubitemid 34493340)
69. Kunimoto D. Recommendations on interferon gamma release assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection-2010 update. Canada Communicable Disease Report; 2010. Available at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ publicat/ccdr-rmtc/10vol36/acs-5/index-eng.php. Cited October 23, 2010.
70. Mazurek M, Jereb J, Vernon A, et al. Updated guidelines for using interferon gamma release assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection-United States, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-5):1-25.
71. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, et al. The clinical epidemiology of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8:278-285. (Pubitemid 38624864)
72. Lewinsohn DA, Lobato MN, Jereb JA. Interferon-gamma release assays: new diagnostic tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and their use in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010;22:71-76.
73. Kakkar F, Allen U, Ling D, et al. Tuberculosis in children: new diagnostic blood tests. Paediatr Child Health. 2010;15:529-533.
74. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. 2000. Available at: http://www.cdc. gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr4906.pdf. Cited August 3, 2010.
75. World Health Organization. Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children. 2006. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO-HTM-TB-2006.371-eng.pdf. Cited July 4, 2010.