Yellow pine regeneration as a function of fire severity and post-burn stand structure in the southern Appalachian Mountains

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 262, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 681-691

  Jenkins, Michael A ^a   Klein, Robert N ^b   McDaniel, Virginia L ^c  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Great Smoky Mountains National Park   (United States)

^c USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Disturbance regimes; Ecological restoration; Fire effects; Fuel reduction; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Prescribed fire

Indexed keywords

DISTURBANCE REGIME; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; FIRE EFFECTS; FUEL REDUCTION; GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK; PRESCRIBED FIRES;

ECOLOGY; FUELS; INFORMATION MANAGEMENT; LANDFORMS; PARKS; REFORESTATION; RESTORATION; VEGETATION;

FIRES;

BEETLE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; EVERGREEN TREE; FIRE BEHAVIOR; FIRE MANAGEMENT; FOREST COVER; HERB; MORTALITY; OVERSTORY; PEST OUTBREAK; PRESCRIBED BURNING; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SHRUB; SURVIVAL;

DENSITY; ECOLOGY; FOREST FIRES; FORESTS; FUELS; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; PINUS STROBUS; PLANTS; REFORESTATION; RESTORATION; SEEDLINGS;

APPALACHIANS; GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK; UNITED STATES;

COLEOPTERA; DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS;

EID: 79957900119     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.001     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Aldrich S.R., Lafon C.W., Grissino-Mayer H.D., DeWeese G.G., Hoss J.A. Three centuries of fire in montane pine-oak stands on a temperate forest landscape. Appl. Veg. Sci. 2010, 13:36-46.
2. Armbrister, M.R., 2002. Changes in fire regimes and the successional status of Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) in the southern Appalachians, USA. MS Thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
3. Arthur M.A., Paratley R.D., Blankenship B.A. Single and repeated fires affect survival and regeneration of woody and herbaceous species in an oak-pine forest. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 1998, 125:225-236.
4. Baker W.L. Restoration of landscape structure altered by fire suppression. Conserv. Biol. 1994, 8:763-769.
5. Brose P.H., Waldrop T.A. Fire and the origin of Table Mountain pine - pitch pine communities in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Can. J. For. Res. 2006, 36:710-718.
6. Brose P.H., Waldrop T.A. A dendrochronological analysis of a disturbance-succession model for oak-pine forests of the Appalachian Mountains, USA. Can. J. For. Res. 2010, 40:1373-1385.
7. Brown, J.K., 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA Forest Services Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-16, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah, 24pp.
8. Brown, J.K., Oberheu, R.D., Johnston, C.M., 1982. Handbook for inventorying surface fuels and biomass in the interior west. USDA Forest Services Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-129. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah, 22pp.
9. Cain M.D. Height of stem bark char underestimates flame length in prescribed burns. Fire Manage. Notes 1984, 45:17-21.
10. Carter, K.K., Snow, A.G., 1990. Pinus virginiana Mill., Virginia Pine, In: Burns, R.M. Honkala, B.H. (Eds.), Silvics of North America, Vol. 1, Conifers, U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Agric. Handbook. 654. Washington, DC, pp. 513-519.
11. Chan D.W., Paul J.T., Dozier A. Keetch-Byram Drought Index: can it help predict wildland fires?. Fire Manage Today 2004, 64:39-42.
12. Chatterjee S., Hadi A.S., Price B. Regression Analysis by Example 2000, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. third ed.
13. Cohen D., Dellinger B., Klein R., Buchanan B. Patterns in lightning-caused fires at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Fire Ecol. 2007, 3:68-82. (special issue).
14. Coulson R.N. Population dynamics of bark beetles. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 1979, 24:417-447.
15. Covington W.W. Helping western forests heal. Nature 2000, 49:135-136.
16. Covington W.W., Fulé P.Z., Moore M.M., Hart S.C., Kolb T.E., Mast J.N., Sackett S.S., Wagner M.R. Restoring ecosystem health in ponderosa pine forests of the Southwest. J. For. 1997, 95:23-29.
17. DeBano L.F., Neary D.G., Folliott P.F. Fire's Effects on Ecosystems 1998, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
18. Dees C.S., Clark J.D., Van Manen F.T. Florida panther habitat use in response to prescribed fire. J. Wildl. Manage. 2001, 65:141-147.
19. Delcourt P., Delcourt H. The influence of prehistoric human-set fires on oak-chestnut forests in the southern Appalachians. Castanea 1998, 63:337-345.
20. Elliott K.J., Hendrick R.L., Major A.E., Vose J.M., Swank W.T. Vegetation dynamics after a prescribed fire in the southern Appalachians. For. Ecol. Manage. 1999, 114:199-213.
21. Elliott K.J., Vose J.M. Effects of understory prescribed burning on shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)/mixed-hardwood forests. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 2005, 132:236-251.
22. Elliott K.J., Vose J.M., Hendricks R.L. Long-term effects of high intensity prescribed fire on vegetation dynamics in the Wine Spring Creek Watershed, Western North Carolina, USA. Fire Ecol. 2009, 5:66-85.
23. Ellis, L.E., Waldrop, T.A., Tainter, F.H., 2002. Ectomycorrhizae of Table Mountain pine and the influence of prescribed burning on their survival. In: Outcalt, K.W. (Ed.), Proc. Eleventh Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, 20-21 March 2001, Knoxville, TN. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Report SRS-48, pp. 128-131.
24. Fares Y., Sharpe P.J.H., Magnusen C.H. Pheromone dispersion in forests. J. Theor. Biol. 1980, 84:335-359.
25. Feathers, I.C., 2010. Fire history from dendrochronological analyses at two sites near Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A. MS Thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
26. Fernandes P.M., Botelho H.S. A review of prescribed burning effectiveness in fire hazard reduction. Int. J. Wildl. Fire 2003, 2:117-128.
27. Fesenmyer K., Christensen N. Reconstructing Holocene fire history in a southern Appalachian forest using soil charcoal. Ecology 2010, 91:662-670.
28. Glitzenstein J.S., Platt W.J., Streng D.R. Effects of fire regime and habitat on tree dynamics in north Florida longleaf pine savannas. Ecol. Monogr. 1995, 65:441-476.
29. Harmon, M.E., 1981. Fire history of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1940-1979. NPS, Research/Resource Management Report 46. Uplands Field Research Lab., Gatlinburg, TN.
30. Harmon M.E. Fire history of the westernmost portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1982, 109:74-79.
31. Harrod J.C., Harmon M.E., White P.S. Post-fire succession and 20th century reduction in fire frequency on xeric southern Appalachian sites. J. Veg. Sci. 2000, 11:465-472.
32. Harrod J., White P.S., Harmon M.E. Changes in xeric forests in western Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1936-1995. Castanea 1998, 63:346-360.
33. Harrod J.C., White R.D. Age structure and radial growth in xeric pine forests in western Great Smoky Mountains National Park. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 1999, 126:139-146.
34. Heim R.R. A review of twentieth-century drought indices used in the United States. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2002, 83:1149-1165.
35. Hoss J.A., Lafon C.W., Grassino-Mayer H.D., Aldrich S.R., DeWeese G.G. Fire history of a temperate forest with an endemic fire-dependent herb. Phys. Geogr. 2008, 29:424-441.
36. Jenkins, M.A., 2007. Vegetation communities of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Southeast. Nat. 6 (Special Issue 1), 35-56.
37. Kartesz J.T. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1. 0 1999, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill. first ed. J.T. Kartesz, C.A. Meacham (Eds.).
38. Keeley J.E. Fire management impacts on invasive plants in the western United States. Conserv. Biol. 2006, 20:375-384.
39. Keeley J.E., Baer-Keeley M., Fotheringham C.J. Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands. Ecol. Appl. 2005, 15:2109-2125.
40. Keetch, J.J., Byram, G.M., 1968. A Drought Index for Forest Fire Control. USDA Forest Service, Southeast Forest Experiment Station Research Paper SE-38. Asheville, NC. 32pp. http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/rp/rp_se038.pdf.
41. Knebel L., Wentworth T.R. Influence of fire and southern pine beetle on pine-dominated forests in the Linville Gorge Wilderness, North Carolina. Castanea 2007, 72:214-225.
42. Kuppinger D.M., Jenkins M.A., White P.S. Predicting the post-fire establishment and persistence of an invasive tree species across a complex landscape. Biol. Invasions 2010, 12:3473-3484.
43. Kuykendall, N.W., 1978. Composition and structure of replacement forest stands following southern pine beetle infestation as related to selected site variables in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. MS Thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
44. Lafon C.W., Hoss J.A., Grassino-Mayer H.D. The contemporary fire regime of the central Appalachian Mountains and its relation to climate. Phys. Geogr. 2005, 26:126-146.
45. Lawson, E.R., 1990. Pinus echinata Mill., Shortleaf Pine, In: Burns, R.M., Honkala, B.H. (Eds.), Silvics of North America, Vol. 1, Conifers, U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Agric. Handbk. 654, Washington, D.C., pp. 316-326.
46. Lesica P. Effects of fire on the demography of the endangered, geophytic herb Silene spaldingii (Caryophyllaceae). Am. J. Bot. 1999, 86:996-1002.
47. Little, S., Garrett, P.W. 1990. Pinus rigida Mill., Pitch Pine. In: Burns, R. M., Honkala, B.H. (Eds.), Silvics of North America, Vol. 1, Conifers, U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Agric. Handbook. 654, Washington, D.C., pp. 456-462.
48. Melton M. The Keetch/Byram Drought Index: a guide to fire conditions and suppression problems. Fire Manage. Today 1989, 50:30-34.
49. Neter J., Kutner M.H., Nachtsheim C.J., Wasserman W. Applied Linear Statistical Models 1996, Richard D. Irwin Inc., Homewood, IL. fourth ed.
50. Outcalt, K.W., Foltz, J.L., 2004. Impacts of growing season prescribed burns in the Florida pine flatwoods type. In: Conner, K. (Ed.), Proc. 12th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, 25-27 February 2003, Biloxi, MS. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-71. Asheville, NC, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, pp. 30-34.
51. Pendergrass K.L., Miller P.M., Kauffman J.B., Kaye T.N. The role of prescribed burning in maintenance of an endangered plant species, Lomatium bradshawii. Ecol. Appl. 1999, 9:1420-1429.
52. Plentovich S., Tucker J.W., Holler N.R., Hill G.E. Enhancing Bachman's sparrow habitat via management of red-cockaded woodpeckers. J. Wildl. Manage. 1998, 62:347-354.
53. Pomp, J.A., McGill, D.W., Schuler, T.M., 2008. Investigating the relationship between bole scorch height and fire intensity variables in the ridge and valley physiographic province, West Virginia. In: Proc. 16th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, April 7-9, 2008. West Lafayette, IN. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NRS-P-24, pp. 506-515.
54. Price T., Doggett C., Pye J., Smith B. A History of Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks in the Southeastern United States 1978, Georgia Forestry Commission, Atlanta, GA.
55. Pyle C. The type and extent of anthropogenic vegetation disturbance in the Great Smoky Mountains before National Park Service acquisition. Castanea 1988, 53:225-235.
56. Radeloff V.C., Hammer R.B., Stewart S.I., Fried J.S., Holcomb S.S., McKeefry J.F. The wildland-urban interface in the United States. Ecol. Appl. 2005, 15:799-805.
57. Schowalter T.D., Coulson R.N., Crossley D.A. Role of southern pine beetle in maintenance of structure and function of the southeastern coniferous forest. Environ. Entomol. 1981, 1:821-825.
58. Southworth, S., Schultz, A., Denenny, D., 2005. Generalized geologic map of bedrock lithologies and surficial deposits in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina. Open-File Report 2004-1410 Version 1.0. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 109pp.
59. Sparks J.C., Masters R.E., Engle D.M., Bunkenhofer G.A. Season of burn influences fire behavior and fuel consumption in restored shortleaf pine-grassland communities. Restor. Ecol. 2002, 10:714-722.
60. Sutherland, E.K., Grissino-Mayer, H., Woodhouse, G.A., Covington, W.W., Horn, S., Huckaby, L., Kerr, R., Kush, J., Moore, M., Plumb, T., 1995. Two centuries of fire in a southwestern Virginia Pinus pungens community. In: Inventory and management techniques in the context of catastrophic events: altered states of the forest. Hypertext Proceedings, University Park, Pennsylvania State University, Center for Statistical Ecology and Environmental Statistics.
61. Thistle H.W., Peterson H., Allwine G., Lamb B., Strand T., Holsten E.H., Shea P.J. Surrogate pheromone plumes in three forest trunk spaces: composite statistics and case studies. For. Sci. 2004, 50:610-625.
62. USDI NPS, 2003. Fire Monitoring Handbook. National Park Service, Fire Management Program Center, National Interagency Fire Center, Boise, ID. 274pp. http://www.nps.gov/fire/fire/fir_eco_mon_fmh.cfm.
63. USDA NRCS. 2009. Soil survey of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 654pp.
64. Waldrop T.A., Brose P.H. A comparison of fire intensity levels for stand replacement of table mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.). For. Ecol. Manage 1999, 113:155-166.
65. Waldrop, T.A., Brose, P.H., Welch, N.T., Mohr, H.H., Gray, E.A., Tainter, F.H., Ellis, L.E., 2003. Are crown fires necessary for Table Mountain pine? In: Galley K.E.M., Klinger, R.C., Sugihara, N.G. (Eds.), Fire Conference 2000: The First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management. Miscellaneous Publication 13. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL. pp. 157-163.
66. Waldrop T.A., Phillips R.A., Simon D.A. Fuels and predicted fire behavior in the southern Appalachian Mountains after fire and fire surrogate treatments. For. Sci. 2010, 56:32-45.
67. Welch N.T., Waldrop T.A., Buckner E.R. Response of southern Appalachian table mountain pine (Pinus pungens) and pitch pine (Pinus rigida) stands to prescribed burning. For. Ecol. Manage. 2000, 136:185-197.
68. Williams C.E. History and status of Table Mountain pine pine-pitch pine forests of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Nat. Areas J. 1998, 18:81-90.
69. Williams C.E., Johnson W.C. Factors affecting recruitment of Pinus pungens in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Can. J. For. Res. 1992, 22:878-887.
70. White, R.D., Patterson, K.D., Weakley, A., Ulrey, C.J., Drake, J., 2003. Vegetation classification of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Report submitted to BRD-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program. NatureServe, Durham, NC, 376pp.
71. Zar J.H. Biostatistical Analysis 1996, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle, NJ. third ed.
72. Zobel D.B. Factors affecting the distribution of Pinus pungens, an Appalachian endemic. Ecol. Monogr. 1969, 39:303-333.