A review of twentieth-century drought indices used in the United States

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 83, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 1149-1165

  Heim Jr , Richard R ^a  

^a NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036700088     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<1149:AROTDI>2.3.CO;2     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Abbe, C., 1894: Drought. Mon. Wea. Rev., 22, 323-324.
2. Alley, W.M., 1984: The Palmer Drought Severity Index: Limitations and assumptions. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1100-1109.
3. American Meteorological Society, 1997: Meteorological drought - Policy statement. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 847-849.
4. Blumenstock, G., Jr., 1942: Drought in the United States analyzed by means of the theory of probability. USDA Tech. Bull. 819, 63 pp.
5. Condra, G.E., 1944: Drought: Its effect and measures of control in Nebraska. Nebraska Conservation Bull. 25, Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 43 pp.
6. Dickson, R.R., 1958: A note on the computation of agricultural drought days. Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin, Vol. XLV, 7-8.
7. Doesken, N.J., and D. Garen, 1991: Drought monitoring in the western United States using a Surface Water Supply Index. Preprints, Seventh Conf. on Applied Climatology, Salt Lake City, UT, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 266-269.
8. _, T.B. McKee, and J. Kleist, 1991: Development of a Surface Water Supply Index for the western United States. Climatology Rep. 91-3, Colorado Climate Center, Dept. of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 76 pp.
9. Dracup, J.A., K.S. Lee, and E.G. Paulson Jr., 1980: On the statistical characteristics of drought events. Water Resour. Res., 16, 289-296.
10. Easterling, D.R., T.R. Karl, E.H. Mason, P.Y. Hughes, and D.P. Bowman, 1996: United States Historical Climatology Network (U.S. HCN) monthly temperature and precipitation data. ORNL/CDIAC-87, NDP-019/R3, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 280 pp.
11. Fernandez, B., and J.D. Salas, 1999a: Return period and risk of hydrologic events. I: Mathematical formulation. ASCE J. Hydrol. Eng., 4, 297-307.
12. _, and _, 1999b: Return period and risk of hydrologic events. II: Applications. ASCI J. Hydrol Eng., 4, 308-316.
13. Frick, D.M., D. Bode, and J.D. Salas, 1990: Effect of drought on urban water supplies. I: Drought analysis. J. Hydraul. Eng., 116, 733-753.
14. Friedman, D.G., 1957: The prediction of long-continuing drought in south and southwest Texas. Occasional Papers in Meteorology, No. 1, The Travelers Weather Research Center, Hartford, CT, 182 pp.
15. Garen, D.C., 1993: Revised Surface-Water Supply Index for western United States. J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 119, 437-454.
16. Gommes, R., and F. Petrassi, 1994: Rainfall variability and drought in sub-Saharan Africa since 1960. Agrometeorology Series Working Paper 9, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 100 pp.
17. Guttman, N.B., 1991: A sensitivity analysis of the Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index. Water Resour. Bull., 27, 797-807.
18. _, 1993: The use of L-moments in the determination of regional precipitation climates. J. Climate, 6, 2309-2325.
19. _, 1997: Comparing the Palmer Drought Index and the Standardized Precipitation Index. J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc., 34, 113-121.
20. _, 1999: Accepting the Standardized Precipitation Index: A calculation algorithm. J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc., 35, 311-322.
21. _, W.J. Werick, G.E. Willeke, and W.O. Thomas Jr., 1991: A drought atlas of the United States. Preprints, Seventh Conf. on Applied Climatology, Salt Lake City, UT, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 233-237.
22. _, J.R. Wallis, and J.R.M. Hosking, 1992: Spatial comparability of the Palmer Drought Severity Index. Water Resour. Bull., 28, 1111-1119.
23. _, J.R.M. Hosking, and J.R. Wallis, 1993: Regional precipitation quantile values for the continental United States computed from L-moments. J. Climate, 6, 2326-2340.
24. Hasemeier, A., 1977: Drought: A Selected Bibliography. Climatological Publications Bibliography Series, Vol. 3, Office of the State Climatologist, State of Arizona, Arizona State University, 40 pp.
25. Heddinghaus, T.R., and P. Sabol, 1991: A review of the Palmer Drought Severity Index and where do we go from here? Preprints, Seventh Conf. on Applied Climatology, Salt Lake City, UT, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 242-246.
26. Henry, A.J., 1906: Climatology of the United States, Bulletin Q. U.S. Weather Bureau Bull. 361, Washington, DC, 51-58.
27. Hu, Q., and G.D. Willson, 2000: Effects of temperature anomalies on the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central United States. Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1899-1911.
28. Huff, F.A., and S.A. Changnon Jr., 1964: Relation between precipitation, drought and low streamflow. Surface Water, Publ. 63, International Association of Scientific Hydrology, Gentbrugge, Belgium, 167-180.
29. Julian, P.R., and H.C. Fritts, 1968: On the possibility of quantitatively extending climatic records by means of dendroclimatological analysis. Proc. First Statistical Meteorology Conf., Hartford, CT, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76-82.
30. Karl, T.R., 1983: Some spatial characteristics of drought duration in the United States. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1356-1366.
31. _, 1986: The sensitivity of the Palmer Drought Severity Index and Palmer's Z-Index to their calibration coefficients including potential evapotranspiration. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 77-86.
32. _, R.W. Knight, D.S. Ezell, and F.T. Quinlan, 1986: Probabilities and precipitation required to end/ameliorate droughts. Historical Climatology Series 3-16. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/ National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, 315 pp.
33. _, F. Quinlan, and D.S. Ezell, 1987: Drought termination and amelioration: Its climatological probability. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 1198-1209.
34. Keetch, J.J., and G.M. Byram, 1968: A drought index for forest fire control. USDA Forest Service Research Paper SE-38, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, 33 pp.
35. Kincer, J.B., 1919: The seasonal distribution of precipitation and its frequency and intensity in the United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 47, 624-631.
36. Kogan, F.N., 1995: Droughts of the late 1980s in the United States as derived from NOAA polar-orbiting satellite data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 655-668.
37. Leathers, D.J., 1997: An evaluation of severe soil moisture droughts across the northeast United States. Preprints, 10th Conf. on Appl. Climatology, Reno, NV, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 326-328.
38. _, and D.A. Robinson, 1995: A water resource monitoring system for the northeast United States: An historical overview 1895-1994. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Applied Climatology, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 249-252.
39. Le Houorou, H.N., G.F. Popov, and L. See, 1993: Agrobioclimatic classification of Africa. Agrometeorology Series Working Paper 6, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 227 pp.
40. Linsley, R.K., Jr., M.A. Kohler, and J.L.H. Paulhus, 1958: Hydrology for Engineers. McGraw-Hill, 340 pp.
41. Marcovitch, S., 1930: The measure of droughtiness. Mon. Wea. Rev., 58, 113.
42. McGuire, J.K., and W.C. Palmer, 1957: The 1957 drought in the eastern United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 85, 305-314.
43. McKee, T.B., N.J. Doesken, and J. Kleist, 1993: The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Preprints, Eighth Conf. on Applied Climatology, Anaheim, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 179-184.
44. McQuigg, J., 1954: A simple index of drought conditions. Weatherwise, 7, 64-67.
45. Munger, T.T., 1916: Graphic method of representing and comparing drought intensities. Mon. Wea. Rev., 44, 642-643.
46. NOAA, 1989: Brief bibliography: Drought. Library and Information Services Division Publ. 89-4, National Oceanographic Data Center, NOAA/NESDIS, 3 pp.
47. Palmer, W.C., 1965: Meteorological drought. U.S. Weather Bureau Research Paper 45, 58 pp. [Available from NOAA Library and Information Services Division, Washington, DC 20852.].
48. _, 1968: Keeping track of crop moisture conditions, nationwide: The new crop moisture index. Weatherwise, 21, 156-161.
49. _, and L.M. Denny, 1971: Drought bibliography. NOAA Technical Memo. EDS 20, Environmental Data Service, NOAA, 236 pp.
50. Shear, J.A., and D. Steila, 1974: The assessment of drought intensity by a new index. Southeast. Geogr., 13, 195-201.
51. Steila, D., 1987: Drought. The Encyclopedia of Climatology, J.E. Oliver and R.W. Fairbridge, Eds., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 388-395.
52. Svoboda, M., 2000: An introduction to the Drought Monitor. Drought Network News, 12, 15-20.
53. Tannehill, I.R., 1947: Drought: Its Causes and Effects. Princeton University Press, 264 pp.
54. Teqnical Services, 1997: National Electronic Drought Atlas Ver. 1.0. Teqnical Services Inc., CD-ROM.
55. Thornthwaite, C.W., 1931: The climate of North America according to a new classification. Geogr. Rev., 21, 633-655.
56. _, 1948: An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr. Rev., 38, 55-94.
57. _, and J.R. Mather, 1955: The water budget and its use in irrigation. Water-Yearbook of Agriculture 1955, A. Stefferud, Ed., U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 346-358.
58. van Bavel, C.H.M., and F.J. Verlinden, 1956: Agricultural drought in North Carolina. Tech. Bull. 122, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, 60 pp.
59. Waggoner, M.L., and T.J. O'Connell, 1956: Antecedent precipitation index. Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin, Vol. XLIII, 6-7.
60. Whipple, W., Jr., 1966: Regional drought frequency analysis. J. Irrig. Drain. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 92 (IR2), 11-31.
61. Wilhite, D.A., and R.O. Hoffman, 1980: Drought in the Great Plains: A Bibliography. Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Misc. Publ. 39, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 75 pp.
62. _, and D.A. Wood, 1983: Drought in the Great Plains: A bibliography - Supplement. Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Misc. Publ. 46, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 48 pp.
63. _, and M.H. Glantz, 1985: Understanding the drought phenomenon: The role of definitions. Water Int., 10, 111-120.
64. Willeke, G., J.R.M. Hosking, J.R. Wallis, and N.B. Guttman, 1994: The National Drought Atlas. Institute for Water Resources Rep. 94-NDS-4, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Belvoir, VA, 587 pp.
65. World Meteorological Organization, 1975a: Drought and agriculture. WMO Note 138, Publ. WMO-392, Geneva, Switzerland, 127 pp.
66. _, 1975b: Drought: Lectures presented at the twenty-sixth session of the WMO Executive Committee. WMO Special Environmental Rep. 5, Publ. WMO-403, Geneva, Switzerland, 113 pp.
67. _, 1985: Hydrological aspects of drought. Studies and Reports in Hydrology, No. 39, UNESCO-WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, 149 pp.
68. _, 1992: International Meteorological Vocabulary. 2d ed. WMO No. 182, WMO, 784 pp.
69. Yevjevich, V., 1967: An objective approach to definitions and investigations of continental hydrologic droughts. Hydrology Paper 23, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 18 pp.