Life on mars: Headteachers before the national college

Journal of Educational Administration and History

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 203-222

  Gunter, Helen M ^a   Thomson, Patricia ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bourdieu; Education policy; Headship; Leadership

Indexed keywords

EID: 79957892623     PISSN: 00220620     EISSN: 14787431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2010.492963     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. The National College for School Leadership (NCSL) was set up in 2000 to provide succession planning through training and accreditation of middle and senior leaders and headteachers. The remit now includes Children's Services with the new title: National College for Leadership of Schools and Children's Services. The term 'National College' is being adopted as a shorthand descriptor and so we will use this through the paper.
2. The Education Reform Act of 1988 introduced site-based management where schools took control of their budgets, could hire and fire staff, and were funded on the basis of open enrolment of pupils.
3. For example, the long-running drama Dr Who depends on time travel as did the 1980 drama The Flipside of Dominick Hide, and its 1982 sequel Another Flip for Dominick Hide, where a time traveller from 2130 goes beyond his remit to observe and so generates complex tensions between his life, identity, and family in two time zones.
4. Details of the series can be found at www.bbc.co.uk/lifeonmars/. The BBC series has been sold internationally, and ABC in the USA has televised an American version.
5. More details about this reform can be found at http://police.homeoffice.gov.uk/operational-policing/powers-pace-codes/pace-code-intro/.
6. For example, C. Harold Barry and Fred Tye, Running a School (London: Temple Smith, 1972).
7. For example, R.S. Peters, 'Introduction: The Contemporary Problem', in The Role of the Head, ed. R.S. Peters (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), pp. 1-8.
8. For example, Michele A. Bowring, 'Resistance is not futile: liberating captain janeway from the masculine-feminine dualism of leadership', Gender, Work and Organization 11, no. 4 (2004): 381-405.
9. Sharon D. Kruse and Sandra Spickard Prettyman, 'Women, Leadership and Power Revisiting the Wicked Witch of the West', Gender and Education 20, no. 5 (2008): 451-464.
10. Helen M. Gunter, Rethinking Education: The Consequences of Jurassic Management (London: Cassell, 1997).
11. Helen M. Gunter and Patricia Thomson, 'The Makeover: A New Logic in Leadership Development in England?', Educational Review 61, no. 4 (2009): 469-483.
12. Patricia Thomson, School Leadership, Heads on the Block? (London: Routledge, 2009).
13. Cyril Poster, School Decision-making (London: Heinemann, 1976), 147-148.
14. The 1944 Education Act set up a tripartite structure of secondary schools: grammar, technical and secondary modern schools. Chitty identifies that what emerged was six grades or levels of schools 'serving different classes or groups within society'. The six are: (1) public schools or independent/fee paying.
15. direct grant grammar schools which offered free places to children in return for a central grant.
16. Grammar schools based on the 11+ examination.
17. Technical or trade schools.
18. Secondary modern schools for those who did not pass the 11+ or secure a place at grammar school.
19. elementary schools which were abolished in 1944 but which took 20 years to disappear. Clyde Chitty, Education Policy in Britain (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), 20-21.
20. The debate about the structure of schooling focused mainly on the state system and the binary division between grammar and secondary modern schools based on the 11+ examination as a means of sorting children.
21. E.L. Edmonds, The First Headship (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968), 2.
22. Poster, School Decision-making, 148.
23. Elizabeth Richardson, The Teacher, the School and the Task of Management (London: Heinemann, 1973).
24. Gerald Grace, School Leadership: Beyond Educational Management (London: The Falmer Press, 1995), 35.
25. Maurice Kogan, Educational Policy-making: A Study of Interest Groups and Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1975).
26. Ibid., 38.
27. Roger Dale, The State and Education Policy (Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press, 1989), 131.
28. Chitty, Education Policy in Britain.
29. Richardson, The Teacher, the School.
30. C.B. Cox and A.E. Dyson, eds., Fight for Education (London: The Critical Quarterly Society, 1968).
31. C.B. Cox and A.E. Dyson, eds., Black Paper Two (London: The Critical Quarterly Society, 1969).
32. Cox and Dyson, Fight for Education, 1.
33. Jim Callaghan, 'Towards a National Debate' (1976), http://education.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4277858-109002,00.html (accessed June 22, 2009).
34. Valerie Hall, Hugh Mackay, and Colin Morgan, Headteachers at Work (Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press, 1986), 1.
35. Carlo Raffo and Helen M. Gunter, 'Leading Schools to Promote Social Inclusion: Developing a Conceptual Framework for Analysing Research, Policy and Practice', Journal of Education Policy 23, no. 4 (2008): 363-380.
36. Helen M. Gunter and Tanya Fitzgerald, 'The Future of Leadership Research', School Leadership and Management 28, no. 3 (2008): 263-280.
37. Geoff Lyons, The Administrative Tasks of Head and Senior Teachers in Large Secondary Schools (Bristol: University of Bristol, 1974).
38. Bryan Allen, ed., Headship in the 1970s (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968), 88-109.
39. Meredydd Hughes, 'The Role of the Secondary School Head' (PhD thesis, University of Wales, 1972).
40. For example, Edmonds, First Headship.
41. For example, Barry and Tye, Running a School.
42. Poster, School Decision-making.
43. See Edmonds, First Headship, ix.
44. Ibid., vii-viii.
45. Barry and Tye, Running a School, 1.
46. Hughes, Secondary School Head.
47. Meredydd Hughes, ed., Administering Education: International Challenge (London: The Athlone Press, 1975).
48. Meredydd Hughes, 'The Professional-asadministrator: The Case of the Secondary School Head', in The Role of the Head, ed. R.S.Peters (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), 50-62.
49. Meredydd Hughes, 'Leadership in Professionally Staffed Organisations', in Managing Education, the System and the Institution, ed. M. Hughes, P. Ribbins, and H. Thomas (London: Cassell, 1985), 262-290.
50. See Barry and Tye, Running a School.
51. Edward Boyle, 'Preface', in Headship in the 1970s, ed. Bryan Allen (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968), vii-xii.
52. John Watts, 'Sharing it Out: The Role of the Head in Participatory Government', in The Role of the Head, ed. R.S. Peters (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), 127-136.
53. Peters, Role of the Head.
54. G. Bernbaum, 'The Role of the Head', in The Role of the Head, ed. R.S. Peters (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), 9-36.
55. Poster, School Decision-making.
56. Edmonds, First Headship.
57. Ronald King, 'The Head Teacher and His Authority', in Headship in the 1970s, ed. Bryan Allen (Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1968), 105.
58. George Baron, 'An Overview', in Headship in the 1970s, ed. Bryan Allen (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968), 5.
59. Poster, School Decision-making, 6.
60. Richardson, The Teacher, the School, 36.
61. Ibid., 36.
62. For example, Meredydd Hughes, ed., Secondary School Administration (Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1970).
63. William Taylor, 'The Head as Manager: Some Criticisms', in The Role of the Head, ed. R.S. Peters (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), 37-49.
64. Barry and Tye, Running a School.
65. William Taylor, 'Training the Head', in Headship in the 1970s, ed. Bryan Allen (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968), 150-152.
66. Helen M. Gunter, 'An Intellectual History of the Field of Education Management from 1960' (PhD thesis, Keele University, 1999).
67. Hughes, Secondary School Administration.
68. Barry and Tye, Running a School.
69. William Taylor, Heading for Change (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973).
70. Barry and Tye, Running a School, Includes a bibliography on the sociology of education.
71. George Baron and William Taylor, eds., Educational Administration and the Social Sciences (London: The Athlone Press, 1969).
72. Poster, School Decision-making, vii.
73. see Foreword by Michael Marland.
74. Barry and Tye, Running a School.
75. Taylor, 'Head as Manager'.
76. H.A. Colgate, 'The Role of the Secondary Head', in The Role of the Head, ed. R.S. Peters (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), 125.
77. These are of course contested notions today, but we refer here to dominant policy discourses at the time.
78. Ken Leithwood, Christopher Day, Pam Sammons, Alma Harris, and David Hopkins, Seven Strong Claims about Successful Leadership (Nottingham: NCSL, 2006).
79. Barry and Tye, Running a School.
80. Pierre Bourdieu, In Other Words (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990).
81. Helen M. Gunter and Gillian Forrester, 'Institutionalised Governance: The Case of the National College for School Leadership', International Journal of Public Administration 32, no. 5 (2009), 349-369.
82. Gunter and Thomson, 'Makeover'.
83. Bourdieu, In Other Words.
84. See Gillian Forrester and Helen M. Gunter, 'School Leaders: Meeting the Challenge of Change', in Radical Reforms: Public Policy and a Decade of Educational Reform, ed. Christopher Chapman and Helen M. Gunter (London: Routledge, 2009), 67-79.
85. Helen M. Gunter and Gillian Forrester, 'Education Reform and School Leadership', in The Public Sector Leadership Challenge, ed. Stephen Brookes and Keith Grint (London: Palgrave, 2009).
86. Bourdieu, In Other Words.
87. Peter Clark, Back from the Brink (London: Metro Books, 1998).
88. Phil McNulty, Extreme Headship (Victoria, Canada: Trafford Publishing, 2005).
89. Marie Stubbs, Ahead of the Class (London: John Murray 2003).
90. David Winkley, Handsworth Revolution, The Odyssey of a School (London: Giles de la Mare Publishers, 2002).
91. For an account of how New Labour sorted people as in and outside the tent.
92. see Peter Hyman, 1 Out of 10: From Downing Street Vision to Classroom Reality (London: Vintage, 2005).
93. Taylor, 'Head as Manager'.
94. Helen M. Gunter and Gillian Forrester, 'New Labour and School Leadership 1997-2007', British Journal of Educational Studies 55, no. 2 (2008): 144-162.
95. Gene Hunt, The Rules of Modern Policing, 1973 Edition (London: Bantam Press, 2007).
96. Gene Hunt, The Future of Modern Policing, 1981 Edition (London: Bantam Press, 2008).
97. Hunt, Modern Policing, 1973 Edition, 7.
98. Wikipedia, Sam Tyler, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam-Tyler (accessed February 25, 2009).
99. Glenda Cooper, 'Why Women Love DCI Hunt', 2007, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/3632103/Why-women-love-DCI-Hunt.html (accessed February 25, 2009).
100. Olwen Namara, Andrew Fryer, Helen M. Gunter, and John Howson, Gender in Leadership. Report to the NASUWT (Birmingham: NASUWT, 2010).
101. Stephen Lawrence was stabbed to death at a bus stop in Eltham, South London in 1993. Enquiries have revealed problems with the policy enquiry. For more detail see http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1999/feb/23/lawrence.ukcrime9.
102. Cooper, 'Why Women Love DCI Hunt'.
103. Thomson, School Leadership, 47.
104. Ibid., 48.