Cardiovascular events and death in children exposed and unexposed to ADHD agents

Pediatrics

Volumn 127, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1102-1110

  Schelleman, Hedi ^a   Bilker, Warren B ^a   Strom, Brian L ^a   Kimmel, Stephen E ^a   Newcomb, Craig ^a   Guevara, James P ^a   Daniel, Gregory W ^b   Cziraky, Mark J ^b   Hennessy, Sean ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b HEALTHCORE INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Amphetamines; Atomoxetine; Cardiovascular; Children; Death; Methylphenidate

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; ATOMOXETINE; METHYLPHENIDATE;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; CHILD DEATH; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EXPOSURE; DRUG USE; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; STROKE; SUDDEN DEATH;

ADOLESCENT; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CAUSE OF DEATH; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79957880103     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-3371     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increasing prevalence of parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children: United States, 2003 and 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59(44):1439-1443
2. Wilens TE, Biederman J, Lerner M. Effects of once-daily osmotic-release methylphenidate on blood pressure and heart rate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a one-year follow-up study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;24(1):36-41 (Pubitemid 38134164)
3. Findling RL, Biederman J, Wilens TE, et al. Short- and long-term cardiovascular effects of mixed amphetamine salts extended release in children. J Pediatr. 2005;147(3):348-354 (Pubitemid 41348714)
4. Kratochvil CJ, Wilens TE, Greenhill LL, et al. Effects of long-term atomoxetine treatment for young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(8):919-927 (Pubitemid 44126866)
5. Winterstein AG, Gerhard T, Shuster J, Johnson M, Zito JM, Saidi A. Cardiac safety of central nervous system stimulants in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2007;120(6). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/120/6/e1494
6. Gould MS, Walsh BT, Munfakh JL, et al. Sudden death and use of stimulant medications in youths. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(9):992-1001
7. McCarthy S, Cranswick N, Potts L, Taylor E, Wong IC. Mortality associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug treatment: a retrospective cohort study of children, adolescents and young adults using the general practice research database. Drug Saf. 2009;32(11):1089-1096
8. Nissen SE. ADHD drugs and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(14): 1445-1448
9. Hennessy S, Schelleman H, Daniel GW, et al. Cardiovascular safety of ADHD medications: rationale for and design of an investigator-initiated observational study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19(9):934-941
10. Moride Y, Abenhaim L. Evidence of the depletion of susceptibles effect in nonexperimental pharmacoepidemiologic research. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47(7):731-737 (Pubitemid 24236255)
11. Leibson CL, Naessens JM, Brown RD, Whisnant JP. Accuracy of hospital discharge abstracts for identifying stroke. Stroke. 1994;25(12):2348-2355 (Pubitemid 24359301)
12. Pladevall M, Goff DC, Nichaman MZ, et al. An assessment of the validity of ICD code 410 to identify hospital admissions for myocardial infarction: the Corpus Christi Heart Project. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25(5):948-952 (Pubitemid 26348671)
13. Broderick J, Brott T, Kothari R, et al. The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study: preliminary first-ever and total incidence rates of stroke among blacks. Stroke. 1998;29(2):415-421 (Pubitemid 28086685)
14. Petersen LA, Wright S, Normand SL, Daley J. Positive predictive value of the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in an administrative database. J Gen Intern Med. 1999;14(9):555-558 (Pubitemid 29441635)
15. Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, et al. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke. 1999;30(4):736-743 (Pubitemid 29156360)
16. Tu JV, Naylor CD, Austin P. Temporal changes in the outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in Ontario, 1992-1996. CMAJ. 1999;161(10):1257-1261
17. Williams GR, Jiang JG, Matchar DB, Samsa GP. Incidence and occurrence of total (first-ever and recurrent) stroke. Stroke. 1999;30(12):2523-2528
18. Heckbert SR, Kooperberg C, Safford MM, et al. Comparison of self-report, hospital discharge codes, and adjudication of cardiovascular events in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160(12):1152-1158 (Pubitemid 39628055)
19. Kiyota Y, Schneeweiss S, Glynn RJ, Cannuscio CC, Avorn J, Solomon DH. Accuracy of Medicare claims-based diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: estimating positive predictive value on the basis of review of hospital records. Am Heart J. 2004;148(1):99-104 (Pubitemid 38900487)
20. Hennessy S, Leonard CE, Freeman CP, et al. Validation of diagnostic codes for outpatient-originating sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia in Medicaid and Medicare claims data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19(6):555-562
21. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J Roy Statist Soc B. 1972;34(2):187-220
22. Robins JM, Hernan MA, Brumback B. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology. 2000;11(5):550-560 (Pubitemid 30660034)
23. Wren C, O'Sullivan JJ, Wright C. Sudden death in children and adolescents. Heart. 2000;83(4):410-413 (Pubitemid 30316754)
24. Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: Final Data for 2007. National Vital Statistics Reports Web Release. Vol 58, No 19. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2010