Management of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders following solid organ transplant: An update

Leukemia and Lymphoma

Volumn 52, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 950-961

  Dierickx, Daan ^a   Tousseyn, Thomas ^a   De Wolf Peeters, Christiane ^a   Pirenne, Jacques ^a   Verhoef, Gregor ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Immunosuppression; posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder; PTLD; transplant; treatment

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; ALEMTUZUMAB; ALPHA2B INTERFERON; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BASILIXIMAB; BELATACEPT; CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR; CD20 ANTIBODY; CIDOFOVIR; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; DACLIZUMAB; DOXORUBICIN; EFALIZUMAB; EVEROLIMUS; FOSCARNET; GANCICLOVIR; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; OKT 3; PREDNISONE; RAPAMYCIN; RITUXIMAB; THYMOCYTE ANTIBODY; UNINDEXED DRUG; VINCRISTINE;

ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; GRAFT REJECTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE; INCIDENCE; INFECTIOUS COMPLICATION; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETRANSPLANTATION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SKIN CANCER; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RADIOTHERAPY;

EID: 79957463345     PISSN: 10428194     EISSN: 10292403     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.557453     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Buell JF, Gross TG, Woodle ES. Malignancy after transplantation. Transplantation 2005;80:S254-S264. (Pubitemid 41552912)
2. Opelz G, Döhler B. Lymphomas after solid organ transplantation: a collaborative transplant study report. Am J Transplant 2004;4:222-230. (Pubitemid 38248525)
3. Vajdic CM, McDonald SP, McCredie MR, et al. Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA 2006;296:2823-2831. (Pubitemid 44969182)
4. Villeneuve PJ, Schaubel DE, Fenton SS, Shepherd FA, Jiang Y, Mao Y. Cancer incidence among Canadian kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2007;7:941-948. (Pubitemid 46481211)
5. Guttierez-Dalmau A, Campistol JM. Immunosuppressive therapy and malignancy in organ transplant recipients. Drugs 2007;67:1167-1198. (Pubitemid 46871026)
6. Kutok JL, Wang F. Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Annu Rev Pathol 2006;1:375-404.
7. Rezk SA, Weiss LM. Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis 2006;38:375-404.
8. Hézode C, Duvoux C, Germanidis G, et al. Role of hepatitis C virus in lymphoproliferative disorders after liver transplantation. Hepatology 1999;30:775-778. (Pubitemid 29409423)
9. Mortin LM, Landgren O, Chatterjee N, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder among solid organ transplant recipients. Blood 2007;110:4599-4605. (Pubitemid 351377829)
10. Walker RC, Marshall WF, Strickler JG, et al. Pretransplantation assessment of the risk of lymphoproliferative disorder. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:1346-1353.
11. Manez R, Breinig MC, Linden P, et al. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in primary Epstein-Barr virus infection after liver transplantation: the role of cytomegalovirus disease. J Infect Dis 1999;176:1462-1467.
12. Mattila PS, Aalto SM, HeikkiläL, et al. Malignancies after heart transplantation: presence of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. Clin Transplant 201;15:337-342.
13. Leblond V, Choquet S. Lymphoproliferative disorder after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2004;40:728-735.
14. Petit B, Le Meur Y, Jaccard A, et al. Influence of hostrecipient origin on clinical aspects of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2002;73:265-271. (Pubitemid 34112852)
15. André N, Roquelaure B, Conrath J. Molecular effects of cyclosporine and oncogenesis: a new model. Med Hypotheses 2004;63:647-652. (Pubitemid 39485832)
16. Hojo M, Morimoto T, Maluccio M, et al. Cyclosporine induces cancer progression by a cell-autonomous mechanism. Nature 1999;397:530-534.
17. Shroff R, Rees L. The post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder - a literature review. Pediatr Nephrol 2004;19:369-377. (Pubitemid 38477398)
18. Tsao L, His ED. The clinicopathologic spectrum of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007;131:1209-1218. (Pubitemid 47257633)
19. Robson R, Cecka JM, OpelzG, Budde M, Sacks S. Prospective registry-based observational cohort study of the long-term risk of malignancies in renal transplant recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Am J Transplant 2005;5:2954-2960. (Pubitemid 43923957)
20. Kauffman HM, Cherikh WS, Cheng Y, Hanto DW, Kahan BD. Maintenance immunosuppression with target-ofrapamycin inhibitors is associated with a reduced incidence of de novo malignancies. Transplantation 2005;80:883-889. (Pubitemid 41552882)
21. Kirk AD, Cherikh WS, Ring M, et al. Dissociation of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in kidney recipients treated with alemtuzumab. Am J Transplant 2007;7:2619-2625. (Pubitemid 47561615)
22. Vincenti F, Charpentier B, Vanrenterghem Y, et al. A phase III study of belatacept-based immunosuppression regimens versus cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients (BENEFIT study). Am J Transplant 2010;10:535-546.
23. Durrbach A, Pestana JM, Pearson T, et al. A phase III study of belatacept versus cyclosporine in kidney transplants from extended criteria donors (BENEFIT-EXT study). Am J Transplant 2010;10:547-557.
24. Vincenti F, Mendez R, Pescovitz M, et al. A phase I/II randomized open-label multicenter trial of efalizumab, a humanized anti-CD11a, anti-LFA-1 in renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2007;7:1770-1777. (Pubitemid 46905435)
25. Bower M. The management of lymphoma in the immunosuppressed patient. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2002;15: 517-532.
26. Swerdlow SH, Webber SA, Chadburn A, Ferry JA. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. In: Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al., editors. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC Press;2008. p 264.
27. Aull MJ, Buell JF, Peddi VR, et al. Maltoma: a helicobacter pylori-associated malignancy in transplant patients. Transplantation 2006;75:225-228.
28. Gärtner B, Preiksaitis JK. EBV viral load detection in clinical virology. J Clin Virol 2010;48:82-90.
29. Gulley ML, Tang W. Using Epstein-Barr viral load assays to diagnose, monitor, and prevent posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010;23:350-366.
30. Tsai DE, Douglas L, Andreadis C, et al. EBV PCR in the diagnosis and monitoring of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder: results of a two-arm prospective trial. Am J Transplant 2008;8:1016-1024. (Pubitemid 351537762)
31. Starzl TE, Nalesnik MA, Porter KA, et al. Reversibility of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative lesions developing under cyclosporin-steroid therapy. Lancet 1984;1:583-587. (Pubitemid 14156511)
32. Tsai D, Hardy C, Tomaszewski JE, et al. Reduction in immunosuppression as initial therapy for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder: analysis of prognostic variables and long-term follow-up of 42 adult patients. Transplantation 2001;71:1076-1088. (Pubitemid 32448822)
33. Swinnen LJ, LeBlanc M, Grogan TM, et al. Prospective study of sequential reduction in immunosuppression, interferon alpha-2B, and chemotherapy for posttransplantation lymphoproliferative diosorder. Transplantation 2008;86:215-222.
34. Hurwitz M, Desai DM, Cox KL, Berquist WE, Esquivel CO, Millan MT. Complete immunosuppressive withdrawal as uniform approach to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2004;8:267-272. (Pubitemid 38788555)
35. Trappe R, Hinrichs C, Appel U, et al. Treatment of PTLD with CHOP and rituximab reduces the risk of renal graft impairment after reduction of immunosuppression. Am J Transplant 2009;9:2331-2337.
36. Dotti G, Fiocchi R, Motta T, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-negative lymphoproliferative disorders in long-term survivors after heart, kidney, and liver transplant. Transplantation 2000;69: 827-833. (Pubitemid 30174106)
37. Nelson BP, Nalesnik MA, Bahler DW, Locker J, Fung JJ, Swerdlow SH. Epstein-Barr virus-negative post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: a distinct entity? Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:375-385. (Pubitemid 30127473)
38. Ghobrial IM, Habermann TM, Maurer MJ, et al. Prognostic analysis for survival in adult solid organ transplant recipients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:7574-7582. (Pubitemid 46291821)
39. Cesarman E, Chadburn A, Liu YF, Migliazza A, Dalla-Favera R, Knowles DM. BCL-6 gene mutations in post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders predict response to therapy and clinical outcome. Blood 1998;92:2294-2302. (Pubitemid 28452970)
40. Aull MJ, Buell JF, Trofe J, et al. Experience with 274 cardiac transplant recipients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: analysis of prognostic variables and long-term follow-up of 42 adult patients. Transplantation 2001;71: 1676-1682.
41. Boratynska M, Watorek E, Smolska D, Patrzalek D, Klinger M. Anticancer effect of sirolimus in renal allograft recipients with de novo malignancies. Transplant Proc 2007;39:2736-2739. (Pubitemid 350088107)
42. Kahan BD, Yakupoglu YK, Schoenberg L, et al. Low incidence of malignancy among sirolimus/cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2005;80:749-758. (Pubitemid 41443756)
43. Mathew T, Kreis H, Friend P. Two-year incidence of malignancy in sirolimus-treated renal transplant recipients: results from five multicenter studies. Clin Transplant 2004;18: 446-449. (Pubitemid 39077081)
44. Oertel S, Riess H. Antiviral treatment of Epstein-Barr virusassociated lymphoproliferations. Recent Results Cancer Res 2002;159:89-95.
45. Perrine SP, Hermine O, Small T, et al. A phase 1/2 trial of arginine butyrate and ganciclovir in patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoid malignancies. Blood 2007;109: 2571-2578. (Pubitemid 46425904)
46. Oertel S, Anagnostopoulos I, Hummel MW, Jonas S, Riess HB. Identification of early antigen BZLF1/ZEBRA protein of Epstein-Barr virus can predict the effectiveness of antiviral treatment in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Br J Haematol 2002;118:1120-1123. (Pubitemid 35025978)
47. Trappe R, Riess H, Anagnostopoulos I, et al. Efficiency of antiviral therapy plus IVIG in a case of primary EBV infection associated PTLD refractory to rituximab, chemotherapy, and antiviral therapy alone. Ann Hematol 2009;88:167-172.
48. Opelz G, Volker D, Naujokat C, Fickenscher H, Döhler B. Effect of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with immunoglobulin or with antiviral drugs on post-transplant non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicentre retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol 2007;8: 112-118.
49. Green M, Michaels MG, Katz BZ, et al. CMV-IVIG for prevention of Epstein Barr virus disease and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2006;6:1906-1912. (Pubitemid 44024963)
50. Buell JF, Gross TG, Hanaway MJ, et al. Chemotherapy for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder: the Israel Penn International Transplant Tumor Registry experience. Transplant Proc 2005;37:956-957. (Pubitemid 40590757)
51. Choquet S, Trappe R, Leblond V, Jäger U, Davi F, Oertel S. CHOP-21 for the treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) following solid organ transplantation. Haematologica 2007;92:273-274. (Pubitemid 46852438)
52. Lee JJ, Lam MS, Rosenberg A. Role of chemotherapy and rituximab for treatment of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in solid organ transplantation. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:1648-1659. (Pubitemid 47485625)
53. Davis CL, Wood B, Sabath DE, Joseph JS, Stehman-Breen C, Broudy VC. Interferon-alpha treatment of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in recipients of solid organ transplants. Transplantation 1998;66:1770-1779. (Pubitemid 29035007)
54. Haddad E, Paczesny S, Leblond V, et al. Treatment of Blymphoproliferative disorder with a monoclonal anti-interleukin- 6 antibody in 12 patients: a multicenter phase 1-2 clinical trial. Blood 2001;97:1590-1597. (Pubitemid 32217222)
55. Benkerrou M, Jais JP, Leblond V, Durandy A, Sutton L, Bordigoni P. Anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody treatment of severe posttransplant B-lymphoproliferative disorder: prognostic factors and long term outcome. Blood 1998;9:3137-3147. (Pubitemid 28492320)
56. Milpied N, Vasseur B, Parquet N, et al. Humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) in posttransplant B-lymphoproliferative disorder: a retrospective analysis on 32 patients. Ann Oncol 2000;44:S113-S116. (Pubitemid 30111878)
57. Jain AB, Marcos A, Pokharna R, et al. Rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 antibody) for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation in adults: long-term experience from a single center. Transplantation 2005;80: 1692-1698. (Pubitemid 43053993)
58. Elstrom RL, Andreadis C, Aqui NA, et al. Treatment of PTLD with rituximab or chemotherapy. Am J Transplant 2006;6:569-567.
59. Oertel SH, Verschuuren E, Reinke P, et al. Effect of anti-CD 20 antibody rituximab in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Am J Transplant 2005;5:2901-2906. (Pubitemid 43923950)
60. Blaes AH, Peterson BA, Bartlett N, Dunn DL, Morrison VA. Rituximab therapy is effective for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders after solid organ transplantation: results of a phase II trial. Cancer 2005;104:1661-1667. (Pubitemid 41437429)
61. Choquet S, Leblond V, Herbrecht R, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in B-cell post-transplantion lymphoproliferative disorders: results of a prospective multicenter phase 2 study. Blood 2006;107:3053-3057.
62. Gonzalez-Barca E, Domingo-Domenech E, Capote FJ, et al. Prospective phase II trial of extended treatment with rituximab in patients with B-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Haematologica 2007;92:1489-1494. (Pubitemid 350144124)
63. Choquet S, Oertel S, Leblond V, et al. Rituximab in the management of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation: proceed with caution. Ann Haematol 2007;86:599-607. (Pubitemid 47018478)
64. Trappe R, Choquet S, Oertel SH, et al. Sequential treatment with rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy in B-cell PTLD - moving forward to a first standard of care: results from a prospective international multicenter trial. Blood 2009; 114(Suppl. 1): Abstract 100.
65. Trappe R, Choquet S, Reinke P, et al. Salvage therapy for relapsed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) with a second progression of PTLD after upfront chemotherapy: the role of single-agent rituximab. Transplantation 2007;84:1708-1712.
66. Savoldo B, Rooney CM, Quiros-Tejeira RE, et al. Cellular immunity to Epstein-Barr virus in liver transplant recipients treated with rituximab for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Am J Transplant 2005;5:566-572. (Pubitemid 40313349)
67. Nehring AK, Dua AU, Mollee P, et al. Epstein-Barr virus T-cell immunity despite rituximab. Br J Haematol 2007;136: 628-632. (Pubitemid 46148200)
68. OReilly RJ, Small TN, Papadopoulos E, Lucas K, Lacerda J, Koulova L. Adoptive immunotherapy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders complicating marrow allografts. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1998;20: 455-491. (Pubitemid 28550111)
69. Papadopoulos EB, Ladanyi M, Emanuel D, et al. Infusion of donor leucocytes to treat Epstein-Barr virusassociated lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1994;330: 1185-1191. (Pubitemid 24121987)
70. Heslop HE, Slobod KS, Pule MA, et al. Long-term outcome of EBV-specific T-cell infusions to prevent or treat EBVrelated lymphoproliferative disease in transplant recipients. Blood 2010;115:925-935.
71. Burns DM, Crawford DH. Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. Blood Rev 2004;18: 193-209. (Pubitemid 38859629)
72. Savoldo B, Goss JA, Hammer MM, et al. Treatment of solid organ transplant recipients with autologous Epstein Barr virusspecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Blood 2006;108: 2942-2949.
73. Haque T, Wilkie GM, Jones MM, et al. Allogeneic cytotoxic T-cell therapy for EBV-positive posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease: results of a phase 2 multicenter clinical trial. Blood 2007;110:1123-1131. (Pubitemid 47281407)
74. Merlo A, Turrini R, Dolcetti R, et al. The interplay between Epstein-Barr virus and the immune system: a rationale for adoptive cell therapy of EBV-related disorders. Haematologica 2010;95:1769-1777.
75. Comoli P, Maccario R, Locatelli F, et al. Treatment of EBVrelated post-renal transplant lymphoproliferative disease with a tailored regimen including EBV-specific T cells. Am J Transplant 2005;5:1415-1422. (Pubitemid 40839433)
76. Lacasce AS. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Oncologist 2006;11:674-680.
77. Hauke R, Smir B, Greiner T, et al. Clinical and pathological features of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders: influence on survival and response to treatment. Ann Oncol 2001;12:831-834. (Pubitemid 32655094)
78. Dotti G, Fiocchi R, Motta T, et al. Lymphomas occurring late after solid-organ transplantation: influence of treatment on the clinical outcome. Transplantation 2002;74:1095-1102. (Pubitemid 35216102)
79. Buell JF, Gross TG, Hanaway MJ, et al. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder: significance of central nervous system involvement. Transplant Proc 2005;37:954-955. (Pubitemid 40590756)
80. Cavaliere R, Petroni G, Lopes MB, Schiff D. Primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Cancer 2010;116:863-870.
81. Johnson SR, Cherikh WS, Kauffman HM, Pavlakis M, Hanto DW. Retransplantation after post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: an OPTN/UNOS database analysis. Am J Transplant 2006;6:2743-2749. (Pubitemid 44571696)
82. Bakker NA, van Imhoff GW, Verschuuren EA, van Sin WJ. Presentation and early detection of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2007;20:207-218.
83. Swinnen JL, Mullen GM, Carr TJ, Costanzo MR, Fisher RI. Aggressive treatment for postcardiac transplant lymphoproliferation. Blood 1995;86:3333-3340.
84. Mamzer-Bruneel MF, Lomé C, Morelon E, et al. Durable remission after aggressive chemotherapy for very late postkidney transplant lymphoproliferation: a report of 16 cases observed in a single center. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3622-6632.
85. Taylor AL, Bowles KM, Callaghan CJ, et al. Anthracyclinebased chemotherapy as first-line treatment in adults with malignant posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation. Transplantation 2006;375-381. (Pubitemid 44223037)
86. Fohrer C, Caillard S, Koumarianou A, et al. Long-term survival in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders with a dose-adjusted ACVBP regimen. Br J Haematol 2006;134: 602-612. (Pubitemid 44253602)