Estimating test characteristics of somatic cell count to detect Staphylococcus aureus-infected dairy goats using latent class analysis

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 94, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 2902-2911

  Koop, G ^a   van Werven, T ^a   Toft, N ^b   Nielen, M ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Dairy goat; Latent class; Somatic cell count; Test characteristic

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; CELL COUNT; CYTOLOGY; DAIRYING; FEMALE; GOAT; GOAT DISEASE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LACTATION; MASTITIS; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; MILK; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; TIME; UDDER;

ANIMALS; CELL COUNT; DAIRYING; FEMALE; GOAT DISEASES; GOATS; LACTATION; MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL; MASTITIS; MILK; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; TIME FACTORS;

ANIMALIA; CAPRA HIRCUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 79956276179     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: 15253198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3929     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Amores J., Sánchez A., Martín A.G., Corrales J.C., Contreras A., de la Fe C. Viability of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri in goat milk samples stored under different conditions. Vet. Microbiol. 2010, 145:347-350.
2. Artursson K., Nilsson-Öst M., Persson Waller K. An improved method to culture Staphylococcus aureus from bovine milk. J. Dairy Sci. 2010, 93:1534-1538.
3. Branscum A.J., Gardner I.A., Johnson W.O. Estimation of diagnostic-test sensitivity and specificity through Bayesian modeling. Prev. Vet. Med. 2005, 68:145-163.
4. Buelow K.L., Goodger W.J., Collins M.T., Clayton M.K., Nordlund K.V., Thomas C.B. A model to determine sampling strategies and milk inoculum volume for detection of intramammary Staphylococcus aureus infections in dairy cattle by bacteriological culture. Prev. Vet. Med. 1996, 25:343-355.
5. Buelow K.L., Thomas C.B., Goodger W.J., Nordlund K.V., Collins M.T. Effect of milk sample collection strategy on the sensitivity and specificity of bacteriologic culture and somatic cell count for detection of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection in dairy cattle. Prev. Vet. Med. 1996, 26:1-8.
6. Contreras A., Luengo C., Sánchez A., Corrales J.C. The role of intramammary pathogens in dairy goats. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2003, 79:273-283.
7. Contreras A., Sierra D., Corrales J.C., Sánchez A., Marco J. Physiological threshold of somatic cell count and California Mastitis Test for diagnosis of caprine subclinical mastitis. Small Rumin. Res. 1996, 21:259-264.
8. Contreras A., Sierra D., Sánchez A., Corrales J.C., Marco J.C., Paape M.J., Gonzalo C. Mastitis in small ruminants. Small Rumin. Res. 2007, 68:145-153.
9. Enøe C., Georgiadis M.P., Johnson W.O. Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests and disease prevalence when the true disease state is unknown. Prev. Vet. Med. 2000, 45:61-81.
10. Erskine R.J., Eberhart R.J. Comparison of duplicate and single quarter milk samples for the identification of intramammary infections. J. Dairy Sci. 1988, 71:854-856.
11. Gardner I.A., Stryhn H., Lind P., Collins M.T. Conditional dependence between tests affects the diagnosis and surveillance of animal diseases. Prev. Vet. Med. 2000, 45:107-122.
12. Hall S.M., Rycroft A.N. Causative organisms and somatic cell counts in subclinical intramammary infections in milking goats in the UK. Vet. Rec. 2007, 160:19-22.
13. Hogan S.J., González R.N., Harmon R.J., Nickerson S.C., Oliver S.G., Pankey J.W., Smith K.L. Laboratory Handbook on Bovine Mastitis 1999, National Mastitis Council, Verona, WI. Rev. ed.
14. Hui S.L., Walter S.D. Estimating the error rates of diagnostic tests. Biometrics 1980, 36:167-171.
15. Kalogridou-Vassiliadou D., Manolkidis K., Tsigoida A. Somatic cell counts in relation to infection status of the goat udder. J. Dairy Res. 1992, 59:21-28.
16. Katsoulos P.D., Christodoulopoulos G., Minas A., Karatzia M.A., Pourliotis K., Kritas S.K. The role of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase in the diagnosis of subclinical intramammary infections in dairy sheep and goats. J. Dairy Res. 2010, 77:107-111.
17. Koop G., Nielen M., van Werven T. Bulk milk somatic cell counts are related to bulk milk total bacterial counts and several herd-level risk factors in dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:4355-4364.
18. Koskinen M.T., Holopainen J., Pyörälä S., Bredbacka P., Pitkälä A., Barkema H.W., Bexiga R., Roberson J., Sølverød L., Piccinini R., Kelton D., Lehmusto H., Niskala S., Salmikivi L. Analytical specificity and sensitivity of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of bovine mastitis pathogens. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:952-959.
19. Lam T.J.G.M., Van Wuijckhuise L.A., Franken P., Morselt M.L., Hartman E.G., Schukken Y.H. Use of composite milk samples for diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1996, 208:1705-1708.
20. Lerondelle C., Poutrel B. Characteristics of non-clinical mammary infections of goats. Ann. Rech. Vet. 1984, 15:105-112.
21. Lerondelle C., Richard Y., Issartial J. Factors affecting somatic cell counts in goat milk. Small Rumin. Res. 1992, 8:129-139.
22. Luengo C., Sánchez A., Corrales J.C., Fernández C., Contreras A. Influence of intramammary infection and non-infection factors on somatic cell counts in dairy goats. J. Dairy Res. 2004, 71:169-174.
23. Maisi P. Milk NAGase, CMT and antitrypsin as indicators of caprine subclinical mastitis infections. Small Rumin. Res. 1990, 3:493-501.
24. McDougall S., Voermans M. Influence of estrus on somatic cell count in dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci. 2002, 85:378-383.
25. Min B.R., Tomita G., Hart S.P. Effect of subclinical intramammary infection on somatic cell counts and chemical composition of goats' milk. J. Dairy Res. 2007, 74:204-210.
26. Mørk T., Kvitle B., Mathisen T., Jørgensen H.J. Bacteriological and molecular investigations of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy goats. Vet. Microbiol. 2010, 141:134-141.
27. Moroni P., Pisoni G., Ruffo G., Boettcher P. Risk factors for intramammary infections and relationship with somatic-cell counts in Italian dairy goats. Prev. Vet. Med. 2005, 69:163-173.
28. Moroni P., Pisoni G., Savoini G., van Lier E., Acuña S., Damián J.P., Meikle A. Influence of estrus of dairy goats on somatic cell count, milk traits, and sex steroid receptors in the mammary gland. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90:790-797.
29. Paape M.J., Poutrel B., Contreras A., Marco J.C., Capuco A.V. Milk somatic cells and lactation in small ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 2001, 84:E237-E244.
30. Paape M.J., Wiggans G.R., Bannerman D.D., Thomas D.L., Sanders A.H., Contreras A., Moroni P., Miller R.H. Monitoring goat and sheep milk somatic cell counts. Small Rumin. Res. 2007, 68:114-125.
31. Poutrel B., Lerondelle C. Cell content of goat milk: California Mastitis Test, Coulter Counter, and Fossomatic for predicting half infection. J. Dairy Sci. 1983, 66:2575-2579.
32. Sánchez A., Contreras A., Corrales J.C. Parity as a risk factor for caprine subclinical intramammary infection. Small Rumin. Res. 1999, 31:197-201.
33. Sánchez A., Contreras A., Corrales J.C., Marco J.C. Relationships between infection with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, intramammary bacterial infection and somatic cell counts in dairy goats. Vet. Rec. 2001, 148:711-714.
34. Sánchez A., Sierra D., Luengo C., Corrales J.C., Morales C.T., Contreras A., Gonzalo C. Influence of storage and preservation on Fossomatic cell count and composition of goat milk. J. Dairy Sci. 2005, 88:3095-3100.
35. Sanford C.J., Keefe G.P., Sanchez J., Dingwell R.T., Barkema H.W., Leslie K.E., Dohoo I.R. Test characteristics from latent-class models of the California Mastitis Test. Prev. Vet. Med. 2006, 77:96-108.
36. Schepers A.J., Lam T.J.G.M., Schukken Y.H., Wilmink J.B.M., Hanekamp W.J.A. Estimation of variance components for somatic cell counts to determine thresholds for uninfected quarters. J. Dairy Sci. 1997, 80:1833-1840.
37. Schukken Y.H., Grommers F.J., Smit J.A., Vandegeer D., Brand A. Effect of freezing on bacteriologic culturing of mastitis milk samples. J. Dairy Sci. 1989, 72:1900-1906.
38. Schukken Y.H., Wilson D.J., Welcome F., Garrison-Tikofsky L., González R.N. Monitoring udder health and milk quality using somatic cell counts. Vet. Res. 2003, 34:579-596.
39. Sears P.M., Smith B.S., English P.B., Herer P.S., González R.N. Shedding pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine intramammary infections. J. Dairy Sci. 1990, 73:2785-2789.
40. Sol J., Sampimon O.C., Hartman E., Barkema H.W. Effect of preculture freezing and incubation on bacteriological isolation from subclinical mastitis samples. Vet. Microbiol. 2002, 85:241-249.
41. Sung Y.Y., Wu T.I., Wang P.H. Evaluation of milk quality of Alpine, Nubian, Saanen and Toggenburg breeds in Taiwan. Small Rumin. Res. 1999, 33:17-23.
42. Tangorra F.M., Zaninelli M., Costa A., Agazzi A., Savoini G. Milk electrical conductivity and mastitis status in dairy goats: Results from a pilot study. Small Rumin. Res. 2010, 90:109-113.
43. Thomas A., Hara B.O., Ligges U., Sturtz S. Making BUGS Open. R News 2006, 6:12-17.
44. Toft N., Jørgensen E., Højsgaard S. Diagnosing diagnostic tests: Evaluating the assumptions underlying the estimation of sensitivity and specificity in the absence of a gold standard. Prev. Vet. Med. 2005, 68:19-33.
45. Torres A.H., Rajala-Schultz P.J., DeGraves F.J. Diagnosis of intramammary infections at dry-off based on sampling strategy, epidemiology of pathogens, and agreement beyond chance. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 2009, 21:427-436.
46. Turin L., Pisoni G., Giannino M.L., Antonini M., Rosati S., Ruffo G., Moroni P. Correlation between milk parameters in CAEV seropositive and negative primiparous goats during an eradication program in Italian farm. Small Rumin. Res. 2005, 57:73-79.
47. Villanueva M.R., Tyler J.W., Thurmond M.C. Recovery of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus from fresh and frozen bovine milk. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1991, 198:1398-1400.
48. White E.C., Hinckley L.S. Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in goat milk. Small Rumin. Res. 1999, 33:117-121.
49. Wilson D.J., Stewart K.N., Sears P.M. Effects of stage of lactation, production, parity and season on somatic cell counts in infected and uninfected dairy goats. Small Rumin. Res. 1995, 16:165-169.
50. Zeng S.S., Escobar E.N., Hart S.P., Hinckley L., Baulthaus M., Robinson G.T., Jahnke G. Comparative study of the effects of testing laboratory, counting method, storage and shipment on somatic cell counts in goat milk. Small Rumin. Res. 1999, 31:103-107.